12. Now Java bloats with too many frameworks, libs... -> many organizations have to consider Ruby, LAMP, .NET for more productive and agile at lower costs
13. Groovy appeared in 2003 – promising more complete and dynamic language for JVM instead of Ruby, Python, or JavaScript implementation for JVM.
41. Duck Typing : Applied to dynamic languages, it means that if an object has a particular property or method signature, then it doesn’t matter what type the object is, you can still call that method or access that property. This is only possible in dynamic languages because properties and methods are resolved at runtime.