forestry exit exam

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Quality of the seeds is explained by all of the following EXCEPT
A. Physical characteristics
B. Ecological characteristics
C. Physiological characteristics
D. Sociological characteristics
ANSWER: D
Before seed collection, all are considered in the proposed plan EXCEPT
A. The purpose of seed collection
B. The place of seed collection
C. The time of seed collection
D. The quantity of seed collection
ANSWER: D
The place from which a seed lot has been collected indicates
A. Origin
B. Provenance
C. Seed source
D. Seedling source
ANSWER: B
As forestry professional which of the following is not the type of seed source?
A. Natural forests
B. Plantations
C. Farmlands
D. Seed orchards
ANSWER: C
Which type of seed collection is appropriate if the seed is very small in size in its nature?
A. Collecting from ground
B. Collecting by climbing
C. Buying from market
D. Borrowing form neighbors
ANSWER: B
The process in which fruits and seeds are exposed to conditions to complete the maturation under
controlled conditions after being removed from the tree is
A. Pre-cleaning
B. Pre-curing
C. Seed Extraction
D. Seed Cleaning
ANSWER: B
Seed dormancy caused by seed coat or fruit shell impermeability to water and gases are broken by
A. Scarification

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B. Stratification
C. Low temperature
D. Abscisic acid
ANSWER: A
The seed which can be dried to a low moisture level without loss in its viability is
A. Recalcitrant seed
B. Orthodox seed
C. Seed quality
D. Seed orchards
ANSWER: B
What is the major factor to be considered in selecting nursery site?
A. Ecological factors
B. Socioeconomic factors
C. Biological factors
D. All of the above
ANSWER: D
The lower portion of a grafted planted plant is_________
A. Root stock
B. Root zone
C. Scion
D. Cultivar
ANSWER: A
In the permanent nursery, where the seedlings are kept until they are ready for planting in the field?
A. Operation area
B. Production area
C. Transplanting area
D. Administration area
ANSWER: C
Which type of nursery do you recommend in areas where high rainfall is common?
A. Raised bed
B. Level bed
C. Sunken bed
D. Biased
ANSWER: A
The main purpose of root pruning of potted seedlings in a nursery is
A.to reduce the effect of competition
B.to improve the growth of seedlings
C.to encourage the development of fibrous root system
D.to increase the height of the seedlings
ANSWER: C

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What is afforestation?
A. The act of establishing forest at a site where trees have been absent for more than 50 years.
B. The act of re-establishing trees at a site where trees have been absent within the previous 50 years.
C. The act of establishing forest at a site where trees have been absent for more than 100 years.
D. The act of re-establishing trees at a site where trees have been absent within the previous 100
years.
ANSWER: A
What is the most driver of deforestation?
A. Logging
B. Wildfires
C. Fuelwood
D. Agriculture
ANSWER: D
Which of the following was the factor that encouraged the development of timber plantations?
A. Natural forests were left untouched.
B. Communities were encouraged to settle in the forest village.
C. Natural forests were cleared to make way.
D. Lands used for the cultivation of food crops were converted into timber plantations.
ANSWER: C
Where plantations are established in climates with a dry season, planting is best practiced
A. At the start of the rainy season, allow maximum opportunity for trees to become established under ideal
growing conditions
B. Just before the onset of the rainy season to minimize soil compaction from planting machinery.
C. In the middle of the rainy season when the soil profile is moist throughout and conducive to rapid plant
growth.
D. In the middle of the dry season when competing species growth is minimum and allow time for the
trees to recover from planting shock before the rains come.
ANSWER: A
In working to create a sustainable forest area, a forestry service should avoid which practice?
A. Removing old growth trees to preserve the balance of a wood land.
B. Removing the majority of trees from a wood land.
C. Allowing young trees time to grow and mature.
D. Planting a specific number of trees each year to expand the forest.
ANSWER: B
Which of the following can be considered a goal of forest plantation establishment?
A. produces lumber
B. mass extinction
C. destruction
D. conservation
ANSWER: A

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The practice of forestry on lands outside the conventional forest area on Government and Non
Government lands for the benefit of local population is __________________
A. Industrial forestry
B. Commercial forestry
C. Social forestry
D. Community forestry
ANSWER: D
The branch of forestry which deals with altering the attitude, behavior and skills of forest occupants
towards conservation:
A. Forest policy
B. Forestry extension
C. Forest law enforcement
D. Forest influences
ANSWER: B
Which is not included in the essential principles of planting?
A. The planting stock or seedlings should be healthy and vigorous.
B. The selected trees should be suited to the planting site.
C. Planting should be carried out during inefficient rainfall and timely fashion
D. The seedlings should be given proper care and protection during and after the planting operation.
ANSWER: C
How many seedlings do we have to rise, on the nursery site if we want to plant 4.2 ha 210m x200m of
land using 3m x 2m spacing and a 20 percent stock reserve for replacement in case of mortality?
A. 8040
B. 8400
C. 8004
D. 8000
ANSWER: A
What are the abiotic factors that should be considered in the site evaluation for the forest plantation
establishment?
A. Vegetation potential and damaging of grazing animals
B. Insect pests, like termites and locusts
C. Climate, soil and topography
D. Pathogenic fungal, bacterial species
ANSWER: C
All are the advantages of equilateral spacing or hexagonal arrangement plantation. EXCEPT
A. Crown development is symmetrical and uniform.
B. Better occupant crown spacing.
C. Efficient utilization of light energy.
D. It results irregular stem production.

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ANSWER: D
What does basal area measure?
A. The volume of wood per square foot
B. The cross-sectional surface area of a tree at 4.5 feet off the ground
C. The circumference of a tree at 4.5 feet off the ground.
D. The average percent canopy cover per acre.
ANSWER: B
Which one of the following is not included in the aim of forest inventory?
A. To supply information for forest management and planning
B. For pre investment decision on forest industry establishment or expansion
C. To determine volume of timber growing in the forest with a view to determine the yield
D. Must be unclear at the beginning of the planning and provide inadequate information.
ANSWER: D
Collectively, instruments employed in determining tree diameters are referred to as _________.
A. Dendrometers
B. Diameter taps
C. Meter taps
D. Calipers
ANSWER: A
Which type of forest inventory is based upon an intensive investigation of a relatively small area?
A. Reconnaissance inventory
B. Management inventory
C. Operational inventory
D. National inventory
ANSWER: C
On slope land the DBH should be measured on the ________________.
A. Side ways
B. Downhill side
C. Cannot be measured
D. Uphill side
ANSWER: D
You made a forest inventory and you have just finished measuring the height of four sample trees that
were located on a hilly terrain site. All measurements were taken with a hypsometer (Suunto) and you
were standing at the correct distance (15m, 20m) from the tree. The table below gives the data of
readings that were taken directly from the number scale of the Suunto. What are the heights of the four
trees (1, 2, 3, and 4) that you measured

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respectively?
A. 13, 37, 22, and 9
B. 23, 21, 16, and 25
C. 15, 37, 22, and 9
D. 23, 37, 16, and 25
ANSWER: B
Material produced by living organisms is known as: _______________.
A. Living material
B. Biomass
B. Living mass
C. Humus
ANSWER: B
Which of the following is the correct order of classification, from most broad to most specific?
A. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
B. Species, Family, Genus, Class, Order, Kingdom, Phylum.
C. Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom.
D. Phylum, Class, Kingdom, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
ANSWER: A
Which of the following serves as a quick referral system in taxonomical studies?
A. Museum
B. Zoological park
C. Herbarium
D. Botanical garden
ANSWER: C
Labels are pasted on the herbarium sheets over…
A. Right hand top.
B. Right hand bottom.
C. Left hand top.
D. Left hand bottom.
ANSWER: B
Why we collect plant materials with flowers and/or fruits/ reproductive organs for herbaria?
A. Because they are conservative structure.
B. Because they are sensitive to climatic zone of the vegetation.
C. Because they are unessential for identification.
D. Because they have different characteristics from place to place.

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ANSWER: A
When we collect the specimen…
A. Handwriting must be unreadable.
B. Relaying on our memory is recommended.
C. Taking note is extremely important.
D. Selecting a small area that is heterogeneous.
ANSWER: D
The principle which states that scientific names should be unique…
A. Principle of typification.
B. Principle of homonymy.
C. Principle of first reviser.
D. Principle of coordination.
ANSWER: B
Which type of leaf arrangements’ shown in the table below is correctly matched the figure with its
description?
Which of the following term describes a planned set of treatments designed to achieve a specific
management objectives?
A.Forest management
B. Silvicultural systems
C. Thinning
D. pruning
ANSWER: B
Silviculture has the following objectives, EXCEPT:
A. To derive environmental benefits
B. Raising species of more economic value
C. Raising production of low quality
D. None of the above
ANSWER: C
Which one of the following are not the dynamics in forest resources?
A. Changes in stand structure
B. Species composition
C. Availability of forest income
D. Species interactions with disturbances

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ANSWER: C
The process of examining, analyzing, description and delimitation of silvicultural opportunities,
limitations and management options of a forest or a stand is called_________.
A. Silvicultura stand analysis
B. Silvicultural diagnosis
C. Stand diagnosis
D. Site diagnosis
ANSWER: D
Which one of the following is a silvicultural tool capable of adding long term value to forests and
techniques used to increase densities of native tree species?
A .Enrichment planting
B. Improvement system
C. Under story re-initiation
D. All except C
ANSWER: C
44. Which one of the followings is not the role of Silviculture in forest management?
A. Produces planned harvests of forest products over long term.
B. To ensure unsustainability of forests
C. To produce greatest quantity of wood
D. Enhance regeneration and planned seral stage developments
ANSWER: B
In silvicultural principles, the translate management objectives into ground includes the following ones.
EXCEPT:
A. To determine the current forest condition
B. To plan how to get from here to there
C. Define the desired past forest condition
D. To work on understanding of forest ecology
ANSWER: C
Which of the followings is not the purpose of Silviculture?
A. Control of composition
B. Control of stand density
C. Minimizing harvesting ability
D. Limitation of rotation length
ANSWER: C
MAI stands for:
A. Million annual increments
B. Multi annual increment
C. More annual increment
D. Mean annual increment

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ANSWER: D
The work plan activity involves:
A. Collection of data by survey, its assembly and analysis to know about the effects of past treatment
B. Based on the analysis and inferences of above to make a long-term prescription to meet the objectives
of management
C. To make provisions for the implementation and control of the treatment prescribed
D. All of the above
ANSWER: D
What is meant by annual coupe?
A. The area to be felled in any particular year
B. The area to be felled in any month of the year
C. The area to be felled in any week of the year
D. Both (A) & (B)
ANSWER: A
The scope of forest management can be summed up by listing various activities involved as:
A. Control of growing stock, its structure and composition
B. Distribution and marketing of forest produce
C. Administration of the forest property
D. All of the above
ANSWER: D
The control of growing stock, its structure and composition are:
A. Site adaptation
B. Choice of species and provenance
C. Reduce harvesting
D. Regeneration age and timing of the cut are important consideration
ANSWER: C
From the following which one is not method of forest managements or ways of manipulation of forest and
related natural resource?
A. Afforestation
B. Exploitation
C. Reforestation
D. Sustainable forest management
ANSWER: B
From the following which one is the component of forest management plan?
A. Forest Description
B. analysis and synthesis
C. Economic expectation in harvesting and demand for forest product recreation, hunting and fishing
D. knocks down fittings
ANSWER: D
Which one is not true about the role of participatory forest management?

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A. improve lively hood
B. Protect forests and woodlands
C. makes gender discrimination
D. Reduce poverty
ANSWER: C
All are the roles of the forest user group in participatory forest management EXCEPT
A. Protecting forests from fire
B. preventing unauthorized logging in forests
C. Protecting forests from grazing
D. technical assistance offers
ANSWER: D
PFM is used in all zones EXCEPT.
A. East Shewa
B. East Arsi
C. Guji
D. South Gondar
ANSWER: B
The direct reason for introducing PFM in Ethiopia
A. watershed protection
B. commercial value NTFP and timber products
C. degree of threat to the forest
D. all
ANSWER: D
Which institution initiated participatory forest management in Chilimo and Bonga forests for the first time?
A. Farm Africa
B. SOS Sahel
C. JICA
D. WWF
ANSWER: A
All of the following are man-induced abuse that forest protection seeks to prevent EXCEPT.
A. Pollution of soil on which forests grow
B. Expanding city that resulting urban sprawl
C. Unsustainable farming and logging
D. Bark beetle outbreaks and fungal attacks to stand forest
ANSWER: D
One of the following activities is the action of forest disease control strategy in Legal procedures.
A. Plant quarantines
B. Sanitation
C. use of genetically resistant varieties
D. Prescribed fire

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ANSWER: A
Which one of the following is correctly matched in forest protection mechanism?
A. Biological control, Releasing natural enemies
B. Mechanical approach, Releasing pheromone trap
C. Chemical approaches-burning of material that was attacked by pests.
D. Mowing-Most used chemical approach
ANSWER: A
All of the following causes of defoliation. EXCEPT_________
A .Occurrence of forest pests and diseases
B. Insects are causing serious problem
C. Known as forest pests
D. fruits and seeds of forest trees increasing
ANSWER: D
According to Mengistu Hulluka 2015 finding in Ethiopian forests over coffee plantations, which disease
has been identified frequently?
A. White pine blister rust
B. Armillaria mellea
C. powdered mildew
D. Leaf spot
ANSWER: B
One of the following is not threats of forest ecosystems.
A. Deforestation
B. Illegal lodging
C. Forest fire
D. restoration
ANSWER: D
The following factors make forest fire control work particularly difficult and dangerous. EXEPT______
A. Excessive heat radiated by the fire
B. Poor visibility due to smoke and dust
C. Difficult terrain, fires always follow wind patterns and generally move uphill
D. Possibility of outrunning a fire during strong winds MEAN fires move less than person can run
ANSWER: D
All of the following methods and tactics are used in breaking the Fire Triangle, EXPCP
A. Digging a line or trench to separate the fire from the surrounding fuel
B. Spraying water or using dirt to “smother” the fire in order to remove the oxygen.
C. Adding fuel
D. Cooling with water or dirt to remove the heat.
ANSWER: C
Repairing and replacing the primary ecosystem structures and functions after disturbance is

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A. Rehabilitation
B. Reclamation
C. Replacement
D. Recovery
ANSWER: A
Which one of the following is a provisioning function of forest ecosystem?
A. Climate regulation
B. Water Regulation
C. Soil formation
D. Food source
ANSWER: D
One of the following is not a characteristic of tree species selected for the rehabilitation of degraded
ecosystem or degraded land
A. Marketable species
B. Natives species
C. Exotic species
D. Wild species
ANSWER: C
What is habitat fragmentation?
A. The habitat broken into smaller pitches
B. large and contiguous habitats
C. Habitat increase in patch sizes
D. Habitat decrease in isolation of patches
ANSWER: C
The basic set of elements or components of agroforestry are:
A. Man, soil, plant
B. Tree, soil, animals
C. Forest, food, fodder
D. Tree, herbs, animals
ANSWER: B
Which agroforestry classification system is not correctly matched?
A. Agrisilviculture ,Alley cropping
B. Silvopastoral , Protein bank
C. Agrosilvopastoral ,Homegarden
D. Productive functions, Soil conservation
ANSWER: D
All of the following are a key features in diagnosing and designing agroforestry EXCEPT,
A. The adaptability to fit the needs and resources of a wide variety of land users.
B. The rapid appraisal applicability at the planning stage of the project.
C. The ability to allow for further improvements in all procedures.

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D. The inflexibility of the design for further improvements in all trials.
ANSWER: D
All are the criteria you should have to consider during design good agroforestry EXCEP,
A. Productivity
B. Susceptibility
C. Sustainability
D. Adaptability
76. In agroforestry design, which information is not required in the selection of multipurpose species?
A. Type of species or combination of species
B. Number and patterns of plants arrangement
C. The decomposability of plant species
D. Management practices being applied
77. Which of the following statement is not correct regarding interactions in agroforestry?
A. It is the influence of one component of a system on the performance of the other components
B. It is the influence of one component of a system on the performance of the system as a whole
C. It is the influence of the system itself on its components as a whole.
D. It can be production-enhancing or production-decreasing in the system.
78. Which one of the following is not a cause for a loss of biodiversity?
A. Habitat loss and fragmentation B. Over exploitation
C. Wise use D. Climate change
79. Which of the following is an example of in-situ biodiversity conservation?
A. Botanical gardens B. Gene bank C. Seed bank D. Protected area
ANSWER: D
80. The disadvantage of ex-situ biodiversity conservation is
A. Most suitable for long term conservation
B. Species are concentrated in small area
C. Its evaluation is easier than in-situ circumstances
D. Its storage facilities can store greater diversity
81. The number of different species present in an ecosystem is
A. Species evenness B. Species richness C. Species diversity D. Shannon diversity
82.__________is a document which details planned logging operations and the steps that will be taken to
minimize environmental impacts of harvesting operations.
A. Forest harvesting document C. Timber harvest plan
B. Log harvesting document D. Tree harvesting document
83. Which one of the followings is not involved in timber harvesting?
A. cutting trees and moving them to a landing
B. processing them into various products, sorting and loading
C. transporting the products into markets

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D. NTFPs harvesting
84. The wood prepared for use in building and carpenter is ____________.
A. Log C. Lumber
B. Timber D. Veneer
85. All of the followings are the factors influencing the selection of harvesting techniques EXCEPT:
A. Environmental features C. Log production operation
B. Timber characteristics D. Silvicultural systems
86. Which one of the following is not the objective of planning of timber harvesting?
A. Optimizing harvesting and production rate
B. Maximizing transportation cost
C. Minimizing environmental impacts
D. Ensuring the safety of workers
87. Which of the following terms refers to all activities under taken to felling, topping, trimming, bucking,
debarking and preparation to extraction?
A. Extraction C. Logging
B. Cutting D. Cross cutting
88. From the following which one is not the kind of wood products?
A. Lumber C. Veneer
B. Plywood D. Biscuit Joiner
89. Which one is an example of hand-held power tools?
A. Jig saw C. Band saw
B. Table saw D. Double side planer
90. Which one is not true concerning to wood planning?
A. It is the most useful tools in woodworking equipment, used to shave wood from the surface of
boards
B. They are used to make a rough surface flat and smooth or to reduce its thickness.
C. They are used to consistent thickness throughout their length and flat on both surface.
D. It is a strip of materials with various profiles used to cover transitions between surfaces or for
decoration.
91. All are important for joining of wood EXCEPT.___
A. Gluing C. Veneer
B. knocks down fittings D. Nails and screws
92. Which one is a type of resin harvested from the tree Boswellia papyrifera growing in the dry
woodlands to produces sweet cologne if burned and is used locally as incense and medicine?
A. Colloidal gums B. Frankincense C. Gum arabic D. Myrrh
ANSWER: B
93.____________________ is a new market tool for responsible resource stewardship through the
labeling of consumer products, thereby fostering a trust in the consumer regarding the sustainable harvest
NTFPs and legal origin of the produce.

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A. Certification B. Commercialization C. Domestication D. Privatization
94. The extraction of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) is ecologically sustainable if,___
A. secure the future availability of the resources B. Over harvesting resources occur
C. Preservation of genetic resources is less D. extraction does interfere with the structure and functioning
of the forest
95. The process or cycle of introducing a new product or production method into the market
is___________
A. Commercialization B. Value addition C. Privatization D. Acculturalization
96. Which one of the following is/are examples of surrogate price methods of forest valuation?
A. opportunity cost B.travel cost C. hedonic pricing D. all alternatives are correct answer
97. When V0 = B – C < 0, which one is necessarily true?
A. A project is economically feasible
B. A project has positive net benefits
C. A project has negative net benefits
D. Benefits and costs occur at same times
98. Which one is the only method used to measure existence value of forests?
A. Surrogate prices method
B. Residual value method
C. Contingent valuation method
D. Hedonic pricing method
99. If a tract of forestland can produce a crop worth $100,000 in 40 years, and every 40 years thereafter,
the interest rate is 8%, then the present worth is___________.
A. $4,826
B. $4,622
C. $8,718
D. $8668
100. Which one the Forms of Business Organizations is correctly matched
A. Sole Proprietorship-a business owned by one person and usually managed by the owner.
B. Partnership-The owners are called stockholders or shareholders
C. Cooperation-The owners of a partnership are known as partners
D. Limited Liability Company-All profits are subject to the owner
ANSWER: A
THE END!