Anatomy of forelimb of Animals

1. Anatomy of the Front Limb of
OX, Horse and Dog
Dr. Jameel Ahmed Gandahi
Assoc. Prof. & Chairman
Department of Anatomy and Histology
Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam-
Pakistan

7. Skeleton of arm (brachium)
The skeleton of the proximal part
(stylopodium) of the free appendage of the
forelimb is formed by a single bone, the
humerus

11.  In the dog and the cat the condyle is divided into a
more extensive medial part (trochlea humeri), which
articulates with the ulna, and a capitulum (capitulum
humeri) laterally for the articulation with the radius
 The articular surface is further divided by sagittal ridges
in the ungulates

12. Skeleton of the forearm
(skeleton antebrachii)
distal part of the free appendage of the forelimb consists of two
bones,
the radius and the ulna
coronoid= a hooked projection of bone
Styloid process= cylindrical, slender projection

13. Supination:
Rotation of the hands and forearms so that the palms
face forward/upward.
lying on the back or with the face upward
‫ہتھیلی‬
‫یا‬
‫تلوے‬
‫اوپر‬
‫کی‬
‫طرف‬
‫کرنا‬
Pronation:
Rotation of the hands and forearms so that the palms
face downward.
‫جاتا‬ ‫ہو‬ ‫طرف‬ ‫کی‬ ‫نیچے‬ ‫رخ‬ ‫کا‬ ‫ہتھیلی‬ ‫سے‬ ‫جس‬ ‫حرکت‬ ‫وہ‬ ‫کی‬ ‫بازو‬
‫ہے‬

14. Radius & Ulna
 In humans, the capacity of
rotational movements is
well developed: if the palm
of the hand is turned
backward (pronation), the
bones of the forearm are in
a crossed over position, if
the palm of the hand is
turned forward
(supination), radius and
ulna are placed parallel to
each other.

15. Geometric appearance of Pronation and
Supination Rotatory Movements in Man
0o

16. Radius and Ulna of Human

17. Rotation of R&U
 Rotation of radius and ulna has a greater limitation in
dog than the cat
 no movement is possible in the horse, in which the
distal part of the ulna is completely reduced
 the caudal aspect of the proximal radius presents the
articular circumference for articulation with ulna to
facilitate supination in carnivores
 This articular circumference is without function in the
horse and ox

18.  The bones of the forearm allow a 45° supination to the
dog
 in the horse and ox, the two bones are fused.
 Extension- a movement of two bones in a way that the
angle between both is increased
 Flexion- a movement of two bones in a way that the
angle between both is reduced

24. Conoid processes (lateral and medial)
of ulna in man

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