This document provides an agenda and guidance for students to work on Essay #4. It includes reviewing the counterargument, alternative solutions, and outline. It instructs students to integrate sources and citations into their essays. It provides guidance on writing counterarguments, discussing alternative solutions, outlining essays, integrating quotations, citing paraphrased information, and constructing a works cited page. The document aims to help students strengthen their drafts of Essay #4.
Your instructor will choose the discussion question and post it as t.docxlanagore871
Your instructor will choose the discussion question and post it as the first post in the discussion forum. The requirements for the discussion this week are a minimum of four posts on four separate days, including responses to at least two classmates.. The total combined word count for all of your posts, counted together, should be at least 600 words. Answer all the questions in the prompt, and read any resources that are required to complete the discussion properly.
In order to satisfy the posting requirements for the week, complete your initial post by Day 3 (Thursday) and your other posts by Day 7 (Monday). We recommend that you get into the discussion early and spread out your posts over the course of the week. Reply to your classmates and instructor. Attempt to take the conversation further by examining their claims or arguments in more depth or responding to the posts that they make to you. Keep the discussion on target, and analyze things in as much detail as you can.
We have learned in Chapter 5 of our book that inductive inference is the most common kind of inference of all. It happens every day in each of our lives. This discussion will give each student a chance to create examples of common forms of inductive inference.
Prepare: To prepare to answer this prompt, take another look at Chapter 5 of our book, paying close attention to the names of the various forms of inductive inference. Take a look as well at the required resources from this week.
Reflect: Think about examples you have seen of each type of inductive inference in daily life. Consider the relative strength of such inferences in light of the methods of evaluation that you learned in the chapter.
Write: To answer the prompt, create or find one example each of three different types of inductive inference that we learned in Chapter 5. Clearly indicate as well which type of inductive inference it is. For each of your arguments, include an analysis of its degree of strength using the evaluative methods we learned in the chapter for that type of argument.
Guided Response:
Respond to at least three of your classmates’ posts. In each case provide substantive thoughts about the strength of the inference. Mention as well what premises you think could be added to strengthen the inference or which might weaken it. How do you think that the argument could be improved?
Responce 1 Rochelle Rothstein
Wednesday
Jul 5 at 4:47pm
Appeals to authority, inductive generalizations, and statistical syllogisms are three common types of inductive inference. Appeals of authority means implying a truth because the source is an authority or subject matter expert. Some considerations to consider during analysis would be: Is the authority or subject matter expert a real, verified expert in the field? Do other subject matter experts in the field agree with the conclusion? Is the question relevant to the subject matter expert in their area of study? Another consideration is if the subject mat.
Your instructor will choose the discussion question and post it as t.docxamirawaite
Your instructor will choose the discussion question and post it as the first post in the discussion forum. The requirements for the discussion this week are a minimum of four posts on four separate days, including responses to at least two classmates.. The total combined word count for all of your posts, counted together, should be at least 600 words. Answer all the questions in the prompt, and read any resources that are required to complete the discussion properly.
In order to satisfy the posting requirements for the week, complete your initial post by Day 3 (Thursday) and your other posts by Day 7 (Monday). We recommend that you get into the discussion early and spread out your posts over the course of the week. Reply to your classmates and instructor. Attempt to take the conversation further by examining their claims or arguments in more depth or responding to the posts that they make to you. Keep the discussion on target, and analyze things in as much detail as you can.
We have learned in Chapter 5 of our book that inductive inference is the most common kind of inference of all. It happens every day in each of our lives. This discussion will give each student a chance to create examples of common forms of inductive inference.
Prepare: To prepare to answer this prompt, take another look at Chapter 5 of our book, paying close attention to the names of the various forms of inductive inference. Take a look as well at the required resources from this week.
Reflect: Think about examples you have seen of each type of inductive inference in daily life. Consider the relative strength of such inferences in light of the methods of evaluation that you learned in the chapter.
Write: To answer the prompt, create or find one example each of three different types of inductive inference that we learned in Chapter 5. Clearly indicate as well which type of inductive inference it is. For each of your arguments, include an analysis of its degree of strength using the evaluative methods we learned in the chapter for that type of argument.
Guided Response:
Respond to at least three of your classmates’ posts. In each case provide substantive thoughts about the strength of the inference. Mention as well what premises you think could be added to strengthen the inference or which might weaken it. How do you think that the argument could be improved?
Responce 1 Rochelle Rothstein
Wednesday
Jul 5 at 4:47pm
Appeals to authority, inductive generalizations, and statistical syllogisms are three common types of inductive inference. Appeals of authority means implying a truth because the source is an authority or subject matter expert. Some considerations to consider during analysis would be: Is the authority or subject matter expert a real, verified expert in the field? Do other subject matter experts in the field agree with the conclusion? Is the question relevant to the subject matter expert in their area of study? Another consideration is if the subject mat.
Compare And Contrast Essay Sample College.pdfAnita Gomez
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Compare And Contrast Essay Introduction ParagraphHolly Warner
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SOC 300 SociologyWeek 8 DiscussionThe Trouble with Aid. Ple.docxrosemariebrayshaw
SOC 300: Sociology
Week 8 Discussion
"The Trouble with Aid." Please respond to the following:
Based on the lecture and Webtext materials, address the following:
Identify the most significant problems with the way foreign aid is presently dispensed by international lending institutions. Then, discuss at least three (3) recommendations that you would make to remedy this situation so that food, medical, and financial assistance actually reaches the poor.
Please respond to at least one (1) post from your peers.
Part B: Student Response
Casey Wilson
RE: Week 8 Discussion
Hello classmates and professor,
A) The most significant problem with the way that foreign aid is presently being dispensed is that countries are trying to give the people tangible things such as animals, water, and food. Those things are great and they do help a lot, but they are only temporary. What happens when the handouts quit? What happens when the GMO no longer has funding or disappears? The people in the developing country are right back in the same boat that they started in. One way to possibly remedy the situation is to invest is businesses in those countries. If those people can be taught how to run a business and get their economy going they will possibly be more successful. Another way to help for more long term then just a couple meals is education. Education goes a long way in building an economy.
Thank you,
Casey WilsonBottom of FormBottom of Form
PUBLISHED
MAT 300: Statistics
Week 8 Discussion
Top of Form
Total views: 7 (Your views: 1)
Debate if “failing to reject the null” is the same as “accepting the null.” Support your position with examples of acceptance or rejection of the null.
Part B: Student Response
Alexis Rist
RE: Week 8 Discussion
Professor and class,
I do not believe that they are the same. Failing to reject the null hypothesis is when you do not have enough evidence to reject its statement or prove it wrong. Accepting the null means that you should act is the null hypothesis as true. The null hypothesis is a test where you are going to look at two propositions, the null hypothesis and the alternative. Think about it in terms of a court case, innocent until proven guilty. The hypothesis test is the trail, the null hypothesis is the dependent, and the alternative hypothesis is the prosecution. If there is evidence presented that does not prove the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt than you still have not proved the defendant is innocent. But, based on the evidence you can't reject that possibility. If the verdict enters the court records as not guilty that doesn't mean the defendant is innocent, because the prosecution couldn't prove it's case to the necessary, beyond reasonable doubt standard. It did not convince the judge to abandon the assumption of innocence.
Hope that helps someone understand it,
Lexie
Bottom of Form
Bottom of Form
PUBLISHED
cc84dbca-ea3a-4
false
CRJ 310: Law Enforcement Operations and Management
Week 8 Dis.
You have been hired by Nobody State University (NSU) as a consulta.docxjeffevans62972
You have been hired by Nobody State University (NSU) as a consultant to help the university with how to increase their total revenue. The university has been struggling in recent years, so they have hired you to help them in their last attempt to find an appropriate solution so that the university can survive.
Raise or Lower Tuition? Suppose that, in an attempt to raise more revenue, Nobody State University increases its tuition.
· Assess a raise in tuition and if it will necessarily result in more revenue.
· Describe the conditions under which revenue will (a) rise, (b) fall, or (c) remain the same.
· Explain the process of revenue at NSU, focusing on the relationship between the increased revenue from students enrolling at NSU despite the higher tuition and the lost revenue from possible lower enrollment.
· If the true price elasticity were (-1.2), discuss what you would suggest the university do to expand revenue.
· Using what you have learned in this course, explain how you would resolve this problem if you were the President of NSU.
In a three- to five-page paper (not including title and reference pages), provide subheadings or separate paragraphs for each of the questions listed to help focus your paper for the executives that have requested it. Support your paper with at least two academic sources from the Ashford Library.
You are required to format you paper according to APA style guidelines.
Sources / 5.1 Credibility Questions: 0 of 3 complete (0%) | 0 of 2 correct (0%)
Credibility
When claims are presented to you, evaluate them by asking two key questions:
1. How credible is the claim itself?
2. How credible is the source of the claim?
First, let's consider the credibility of the claim itself. When you're thinking critically, you're evaluating every claim against what you already know to see if it seems plausible or implausible. Consider the following claims:
I can run three miles in 30 minutes.
I can teleport up to 300 meters away.
Does one seem more believable than the other? That's what we mean by considering the credibility of the claim. In fact, the literal meaning of "incredible" is "unbelievable" or "impossible."
You're constantly evaluating claims against things you already know. And the more you know about a topic, the better you can judge a claim's credibility. For example, imagine that your car has developed an odd rattling noise. A mechanic tells you that it's likely the heat shield protecting your catalytic converter. If you don't know exactly what the catalytic converter is or where to find it under the hood, you might run this diagnosis by a trusted friend who has more experience working on cars to see if it sounds credible.
Whenever you're evaluating a claim, keep an eye out for the following:
· Whether evidence is offered to support the claim
· Whether there are any obvious inaccuracies
· Whether the claim is an observation or an inferred conclusion
Every day, according to the Department of Transportation,.
Gender Exercises Final project 100 points.1. Start by sele.docxhanneloremccaffery
Gender Exercises: Final project: 100 points.
1. Start by selecting one of the topics below and answer the questions or complete the exercises required.
2. You will need to have a few things integrated into your findings based on your research. 1) Find at least TWO concepts from the text as to how they relate to your findings. These should be CITED from the text. 2) Find TWO outside research articles that relate to your findings/topic, as well. These should be research articles from peer-reviewed journals, if possible.
3. So, the structure of your paper should be the following:
· An introduction of your topic
· Your findings/analysis
· How your findings relate to TWO concepts from the text
· How your findings relate to TWO research journals
4. Make sure you use proper citation format in your paper – APA, ASA preferred. By now, for an upper division course, you should be able to cite correctly, RIGHT?
5. Due date: Check the syllabus. These papers can be submitted online, we can discuss that.
6. FINALLY, ENJOY DOING THIS. TRY NOT TO SEE IT AS A BURDEN OR JUST ONE MORE THING YOU HAVE TO DO.
7. FINALLY, Finally, please proofread!
8. Paper length: 4 to 5 pages maximum
Possible topics:
Topic: Gender and our Bodies: Investigate the gender of current products designed to help people alter their bodies in some way. You might begin by making a list of all the products that fall into this category (if you are creative, this could be a fairly long list). Then think about which of these products seem to be aimed primarily at men, which at men, and which at both sexes. Look at the advertisements for these products in magazines, television ads, or on the internet. What gender messages are begin sent in these advertisements? What does your investigation suggest about men’s and women’s feelings about their bodies? (as an alternative, you can do research on how we manipulate our body to meet the gender binary goal e.g. cosmetic surgery)
Topic: Culture and Menstruation Taboos: Many cultures have menstruation taboos, dictating behaviors women can and cannot engage in when they are menstruating. Use online resources and your library to do some research on how different cultures think about menstruation and the norms they have regarding this biological process. How do these practices compare with those in your own culture?
Topic: Division of Labor in your Household: Write an essay in which you describe what the division of household labor was like in your own house growing up. Who did what, and how did everyone seem to feel about it? Were there tensions over who did what tasks? What would be your ideal division of household labor if you were to form your own household?
Topic: Couples and Household Labor: Interview some couple about their division of household labor. You might interview both together or each separately. Come up with an extensive list of all the tasks that are involved in maintaining a household, and ask your ...
2. +
AGENDA
Review: Essay #4:
Counterargument
Alternative Solutions
Outline
Integrating and Citing Sources
Works Cited Page
3. + The Counterargument
You anticipated objections for your homework. Now choose
the two or three most important ones to acknowledge,
accommodate, or refute. If you have written these out in
paragraph form, take this opportunity to revise them.
Write down objection 1
Acknowledge, accommodate, or refute the objection.
Write down objection 2
Acknowledge, accommodate, or refute the objection.
And so on.
4. +
Consideration of alternative
solutions and their disadvantages
You identified alternative solutions for your homework. Now choose those
you will discuss in your essay. Write out each alternative solution and
discuss the disadvantages of it compared to your solution. If you have
written these out in paragraph form, take this opportunity to revise them.
Write out alternative solution 1
What are the disadvantages of this solution?
Write out alternative solution 2
What are the disadvantages of this solution?
Write out alternative solution 3
What are the disadvantages of this solution?
5. +
Putting it together: The Outline
Your outline will of course reflect your own writing situation.
Once you have a working outline, you should not hesitate to
change it as necessary while drafting and revising. For
instance, you might find it more effective to hold back on
presenting your own solution until you have discussed
alternative but unacceptable solutions. Or you might find a
better way to order the reasons for adopting your proposal. The
purpose of an outline is to identify the basic features of your
proposal and to help you organize them effectively, not to lock
you into a particular structure.
6. +With your purpose and goals in mind,
organize an outline that includes the
following:
a clear statement of the problem
your thesis statement, announcing the proposed solution
and forecasting your reasons for it
your argument for the solution, giving reasons and support
anticipation of counterarguments and a response to
objections readers might have about the proposed solution
your evaluation of alternative solutions
7. + Here is a possible outline for a proposal where
readers may not understand the problem fully:
9. +
Using Sources
Statistics can be helpful in establishing that the problem exists and
is serious. For example, Patrick O’Malley cites research to
support his assertion that students prefer frequent exams to
fewer high-stakes exams: “A Harvard study notes students’
‘strong preference for frequent evaluation in a course’ ” (par. 4).
But his argument would have been stronger and possibly more
convincing if he had cited statistics to support the study’s
conclusion. All of the other writers in this chapter cite statistics in
their proposals. Let us look at some of the ways Karen Kornbluh
uses statistics to define the problem.
Today fully 70 percent of families with children are headed
by two working parents or by an unmarried working parent.
The “traditional family” of the breadwinner and homemaker
has been replaced by the “juggler family,” in which no one
is home fulltime. (par. 1)
10. Kornbluh also compares different time periods to show that the
problem has worsened over the last thirty years. Here are several
examples from paragraph 7. Note that Kornbluh presents statistics
in three different ways: percentages, numbers, and proportion.
Between 1970 and 2000, the percentage of mothers in
the workforce rose from 38 to 67 percent (Smolensky
and Gootman). Moreover, the number of hours worked
by dual-income families has increased dramatically.
Couples with children worked a full 60 hours a week in
1979. By 2000 they were working 70 hours a week
(Bernstein and Kornbluh). And more parents than ever
are working long hours. In 2000, nearly 1 out of every 8
couples with children was putting in 100 hours a week
or more on the job, compared to only 1 out of 12
families in 1970 (Jacobs and Gerson).
11. For statistics to be persuasive, they must be from sources that
readers consider reliable. Researchers’ trustworthiness, in turn,
depends on their credentials as experts in the field they are
investigating and also on the degree to which they are disinterested,
or free from bias.
Kornbluh provides a Works Cited list of sources that readers
can follow up on to check whether the sources are indeed reliable.
The fact that some of her sources are books published by major
publishers (Harvard University Press and Basic Books, for example)
helps establish their credibility. Other sources she cites are research
institutes (such as New America Foundation, Economic Policy
Institute, and Families and Work Institute) that readers can easily
check out. Another factor that adds to the appearance of reliability is
that Kornbluh cites statistics from a range of sources instead of
relying on only one or two. Moreover, the statistics are current and
clearly relevant to her argument.
12. +
Ask Yourself:
Are my sources reliable?
Do they support my assertions
with facts, statistics, or credible
opinions?
Do I need more support?
Where will I find it?
14. + In-Text Quotations
At the Beginning
“Kitten season is overwhelming, crowded, and very hectic. I can be examining one cat and
there will be 10 or more waiting for me with more coming in one after the other on the other
side of the exam room door. It's never-ending and it affects the cats. They pick up on the
stress we feel," says Christa Raymond, a lead veterinary technician in the Animal Humane
Society (“Cats in Crisis”).
In the Middle
In any given shelter, they are supposed to hold “strays up to only 5 days” according to
animal shelter specialist Stephanie Watson (6).
At the End
According to Green Eco Services, “75% of Americans admit to littering within the past five
years.”
Divided by Your Own Words
“We are always telling people about spay/neuter,” says Kit Belcher, the executive director
of Beltrami Humane Society, and “[t]he responsibility starts the day the animal is born, but
many don’t accept the responsibility” (“Spaying/Neutering” 14).
15. + Write four sentences that integrate your textual evidence into
your essay: Put one quotation at the beginning, one in the
middle, one at the end, and one broken by your own words.
Remembering just a few simple rules can help you use the correct
punctuation as you introduce quotations.
o Rule 1: Complete sentence: "quotation." (If you use a complete sentence to
introduce a quotation, use a colon (:) just before the quotation.)
o Rule 2: Someone says, "quotation." (If the word just before the quotation is a
verb indicating someone uttering the quoted words, use a comma. Examples
include the words "says," "said," "states," "asks," and "yells."
o Rule 3: Ending with that “quotation.” (There is no punctuation if the word
"that" comes just before the quotation, as in "the narrator says that.")
o And remember that a semicolon (;) never is used to introduce quotations.
16. +
Block Quotations
In the MLA style, use the block form for prose quotations of more than
four typed lines. Indent the quotation an inch (ten character spaces)
from the left margin, as shown in the following example. Double
space, just as you do in your paper.
US Surgeon General Regina Benjamin has, in essence, supported this
position:
Americans will be more likely to change their behavior if they have a
meaningful reward--something more than just reaching a certain
weight or dress size. The real reward is invigorating, energizing,
joyous health. It is a level of health that allows people to embrace
each day and live their lives to the fullest without disease or disability.
17. + Practice integrating one long quotation
(four or more lines) into your essay.
Indent the quotation an inch (ten character spaces) from the left
margin, as shown in the following example. Double space, just as you
do in your paper.
Remember these rules:
• Rule 1: Complete sentence: "quotation." (If you use a complete sentence
to introduce a quotation, use a colon (:) just before the quotation.)
• Rule 2: Someone says, "quotation." (If the word just before the quotation
is a verb indicating someone uttering the quoted words, use a comma.
Examples include the words "says," "said," "states," "asks," and "yells."
• Rule 3: Ending with that “quotation.” (There is no punctuation if the word
"that" comes just before the quotation, as in "the narrator says that.")
18. +
Citing Summarized Material
Currently, the law states that the speed limit in a residential area is 25
miles per hour unless posted otherwise (California Driver Handbook).
According to the Environmental Protection Agency, it takes six earths
to support an average meat-eating American compared to three earths
for the average vegetarian.
Since Generation X, major food corporations have peddled addicting
junk food to children from their birth. This has helped to create the
worst obesity epidemic in human history (Fox).
Despite euthanasia being the very last method to make room in the
shelter, 70 percent of the 3 to 4 million pets euthanized nationwide are
cats (“Pet Statistics”).
19. +
Integrate information from your
sources into your essay using
summarized material.
Summarizing involves putting an idea into your own words.
Summaries are significantly shorter than an original text. It
is a good idea to summarize material when you want to
briefly discuss the main idea(s) of a longer piece.
Summarizing allows you to discuss central points without
reproducing multiple quotation from a single source.
Remember, it is necessary to attribute summarized ideas to
the original source; that is, you must cite even summarized
material.
20. +
Punctuating within Quotations
Although punctuation within a quotation should reproduce the original, some
adaptations may be necessary. Use single quotation marks for quotations within
the quotation:
Original from David Guterson’s Family Matters (pages 16 – 17)
E. D. Hirsch also recognizes the connection between family and learning,
suggesting in his discussion of family background and academic achievement
“that the significant part of our children’s education has been going on outside
rather than inside the schools.”
Quoted Version
Guterson claims that E. D. Hirsch “also recognizes the connection between
family and learning, suggesting in his discussion of family background and
academic achievement ‘that the significant part of our children’s education
has been going on outside rather than inside the schools’ ” (16-17).
21. +
Punctuation
If the quotation ends with a question mark or an
exclamation point, retain the original punctuation:
“Did you think I loved you?” Edith later asks Dombey
(566).
If a quotation ending with a question mark or an
exclamation point concludes your sentence, retain the
question mark or exclamation point, and put the
parenthetical reference and sentence period outside the
quotation marks:
Edith later asks Dombey, “Did you think I loved
you?” (566).
22. +
Avoiding Grammatical Tangles
When you incorporate quotations into
your writing, and especially when you
omit words from quotations, you run the
risk of creating ungrammatical
sentences. Three common errors you
should try to avoid are verb
incompatibility, ungrammatical
omissions, and sentence fragments.
23. +
Verb Incompatibility.
When this error occurs, the verb form in the introductory
statement is grammatically incompatible with the verb form in
the quotation. When your quotation has a verb form that does
not fit in with your text, it is usually possible to use just part of
the quotation, thus avoiding verb incompatibility.
As this sentence illustrates, use the present tense when you refer to
events in a literary work.
24. + Ungrammatical Omission.
Sometimes omitting text from a quotation leaves you with an ungrammatical
sentence. Two ways of correcting the grammar are (1) adapting the quotation
(with brackets) so that its parts fit together grammatically and (2) using only
one part of the quotation.
25. +
Sentence Fragment.
Sometimes when a quotation is a complete
sentence, writers neglect the sentence that
introduces the quote — for example, by forgetting to
include a verb. Make sure that the quotation is
introduced by a complete sentence.
26. +
Check your integrated
quotations for grammatical
tangles
Look for these problems
verb incompatibility
ungrammatical omissions
sentence fragments.
27. Works Cited
How to make your page
All of the information on the next
slides can be found in your St.
Martin’s Guide.
Alternatively, you can click on the
“MLA Help” link on the homepage of
our website. This will take you to
Purdue Owl, which also offers great
help.
32. +
HOMEWORK
Put all of the parts of your essay into the outline we
wrote today. Read your essay aloud to make sure it
is in a logical order. Integrate your research into
your essay. Begin your works cited page.
Post #18: your working draft.
Study all vocabulary words.
Bring a copy of post #18