Purpose – The purpose of the study was to identify the factors underlying the decision to adopt online banking in Iran. Design/methodology/approach – The samples used in this empirical study includes 560 persons who were among Iranian Internet users and completed the interactive questionnaires. The statistical analysis which has been used in regard to the dichotomous decision of whether to adopt Internet Banking services was Logistic Regression.
Findings – The results show that one of the dominant relationships that have been observed in our study is the
link between the decision to use Internet Banking and the experience of using Internet. Certain demographic variables like gender also proved to be robust predictors of the adoption status. This inquiry documents that perceived level of security of Internet transactions in Iran Internet users don’t have impact on acceptance of Internet Banking. These findings can provide a valuable tool for the expansion of Internet Banking and remove impediments of Internet Banking acceptance.
Practical implications – The results presented in this paper can be of assistance to financial institutions that either operates in Iran or Islamic countries. Useful insights are also provided with regard to security and strategies fostering the acceptance of Internet Banking.
Originality/value – The analysis is based on a random sample of Internet users at Iran that rarely discussed in previous literature.
There has been tremendous growth in mobile banking penetration in many countries in the developed and
developing economies and most interestingly in a number of developing countries such as Nigeria. Yet there are numbers of opportunities and threats in the mobile banking systems. However the major threat of mobile banking is its non-adoption by the banking customers. This research focuses on the perceived barriers to mobile banking adoption in Nigeria as a developing economy. The study adopted an exploratory qualitative method and this was conducted among banking customers spread across three regions of North, West and East of Nigeria. The basis of participants’ selection was being active customers of the Nigerian banks. Findings indicate that there is intention to adopt the mobile banking services; unfortunately, the
intentions cannot be translated into action due mainly to lack of trust on issues such as the delivery
channels/technology, communication infrastructures, government policies, etc. Findings further revealed
that majority of respondents do not use internet and mobile banking services, due to several identified
barriers. There is however a preference for the traditional banking approaches as opposed to the mobile
banking services. The study recommends that banks and other financial institutions embark on massive
awareness campaign.
This document provides an introduction to a student's summer training report on customer perception of e-banking at HDFC Bank. It includes a declaration by the student that the work is original, a certificate from the faculty advisor, and an acknowledgement of those who helped. The introduction defines key terms like customer perception, e-banking, and provides background on the growth of e-banking in India and how it has evolved from basic information online to more advanced transactional capabilities.
This document is a project submitted by Naorem Boris Singh for their B.Com degree at Shri Ram College of Commerce in Delhi, India. The project examines the popularity of internet banking in India. It includes an index, executive summary, research methodology, and chapters on the history of banking in India, internet banking features and role, the scenario of internet banking in India, the pros and cons of internet banking, a case study on State Bank of India, and conclusions. The project was conducted under the supervision of Sudhanshu and does not have any commercial implications.
This document provides an introduction and overview of project work and research methodology. It discusses that project work is related to research and involves investigating problems in a scientific manner. It also defines research methodology as the series of steps followed to attain the objectives of social research.
The document then discusses various primary and secondary sources of data collection for project work, including observation, interviews, questionnaires, published works, and internet sources. It provides examples of how these different methods can be used to collect data.
Finally, the document emphasizes the importance of guidance from an authorized person when collecting information for a project, and outlines the steps taken by the author to visit a bank and collect data for their project.
31911477 internet-banking-project-documentationSwaroop Mane
This document provides an acknowledgement and thanks various individuals who contributed to the completion of a project on an online banking system. It expresses gratitude to the college for providing the opportunity to conduct the project and thanks the project guide for their flexibility, guidance and support. An IT officer from SBI is also thanked for sharing their expertise. Finally, friends and family are thanked for their encouragement and help in completing the project.
This document discusses the introduction and growth of internet banking. It begins with an overview of information technology and how technological developments led to the evolution of internet banking. It describes how information technology transformed the banking sector by allowing banks to offer new digital services and connect with customers remotely through online and mobile banking. The document then discusses some of the key benefits that technology provided banks, such as increased productivity, cost efficiencies, and the ability to develop customized products and services for different customer segments. Finally, it explains how information technology freed banks from physical branch constraints and created new opportunities to build closer relationships with customers.
Project on customer awareness towards internet bankingLakshmy TM
This study aimed to analyze customer awareness of internet banking services provided by Dena Bank in Kottayam, India. A survey was conducted of 25 customers from September to November 2017. The results showed that 80% of respondents were aware of Dena Bank's internet banking services, though only 40% had used them. The most common reasons for non-use were fear of security (41.67%) and lack of information (33.33%). Of those who had used internet banking, the highest level of satisfaction was 38.48% reporting being highly satisfied, while 15.38% reported being dissatisfied. The study provided insight into customer awareness and perceptions around Dena Bank's internet banking offerings.
Customer satisfaction of ebanking/online banking of SBISajid Nasar
This document is a study on customer satisfaction with internet banking at the State Bank of India's Ponganadu branch. It discusses customer satisfaction in banking, defines online/internet banking, and the benefits it provides to both banks and customers. It also outlines the key dimensions of online banking including customer to bank services, bank to bank transactions, electronic central banking, and internal bank intranet procurement. The proliferation of internet has opened new opportunities for retail banks to provide products and services through e-banking and online banking channels.
There has been tremendous growth in mobile banking penetration in many countries in the developed and
developing economies and most interestingly in a number of developing countries such as Nigeria. Yet there are numbers of opportunities and threats in the mobile banking systems. However the major threat of mobile banking is its non-adoption by the banking customers. This research focuses on the perceived barriers to mobile banking adoption in Nigeria as a developing economy. The study adopted an exploratory qualitative method and this was conducted among banking customers spread across three regions of North, West and East of Nigeria. The basis of participants’ selection was being active customers of the Nigerian banks. Findings indicate that there is intention to adopt the mobile banking services; unfortunately, the
intentions cannot be translated into action due mainly to lack of trust on issues such as the delivery
channels/technology, communication infrastructures, government policies, etc. Findings further revealed
that majority of respondents do not use internet and mobile banking services, due to several identified
barriers. There is however a preference for the traditional banking approaches as opposed to the mobile
banking services. The study recommends that banks and other financial institutions embark on massive
awareness campaign.
This document provides an introduction to a student's summer training report on customer perception of e-banking at HDFC Bank. It includes a declaration by the student that the work is original, a certificate from the faculty advisor, and an acknowledgement of those who helped. The introduction defines key terms like customer perception, e-banking, and provides background on the growth of e-banking in India and how it has evolved from basic information online to more advanced transactional capabilities.
This document is a project submitted by Naorem Boris Singh for their B.Com degree at Shri Ram College of Commerce in Delhi, India. The project examines the popularity of internet banking in India. It includes an index, executive summary, research methodology, and chapters on the history of banking in India, internet banking features and role, the scenario of internet banking in India, the pros and cons of internet banking, a case study on State Bank of India, and conclusions. The project was conducted under the supervision of Sudhanshu and does not have any commercial implications.
This document provides an introduction and overview of project work and research methodology. It discusses that project work is related to research and involves investigating problems in a scientific manner. It also defines research methodology as the series of steps followed to attain the objectives of social research.
The document then discusses various primary and secondary sources of data collection for project work, including observation, interviews, questionnaires, published works, and internet sources. It provides examples of how these different methods can be used to collect data.
Finally, the document emphasizes the importance of guidance from an authorized person when collecting information for a project, and outlines the steps taken by the author to visit a bank and collect data for their project.
31911477 internet-banking-project-documentationSwaroop Mane
This document provides an acknowledgement and thanks various individuals who contributed to the completion of a project on an online banking system. It expresses gratitude to the college for providing the opportunity to conduct the project and thanks the project guide for their flexibility, guidance and support. An IT officer from SBI is also thanked for sharing their expertise. Finally, friends and family are thanked for their encouragement and help in completing the project.
This document discusses the introduction and growth of internet banking. It begins with an overview of information technology and how technological developments led to the evolution of internet banking. It describes how information technology transformed the banking sector by allowing banks to offer new digital services and connect with customers remotely through online and mobile banking. The document then discusses some of the key benefits that technology provided banks, such as increased productivity, cost efficiencies, and the ability to develop customized products and services for different customer segments. Finally, it explains how information technology freed banks from physical branch constraints and created new opportunities to build closer relationships with customers.
Project on customer awareness towards internet bankingLakshmy TM
This study aimed to analyze customer awareness of internet banking services provided by Dena Bank in Kottayam, India. A survey was conducted of 25 customers from September to November 2017. The results showed that 80% of respondents were aware of Dena Bank's internet banking services, though only 40% had used them. The most common reasons for non-use were fear of security (41.67%) and lack of information (33.33%). Of those who had used internet banking, the highest level of satisfaction was 38.48% reporting being highly satisfied, while 15.38% reported being dissatisfied. The study provided insight into customer awareness and perceptions around Dena Bank's internet banking offerings.
Customer satisfaction of ebanking/online banking of SBISajid Nasar
This document is a study on customer satisfaction with internet banking at the State Bank of India's Ponganadu branch. It discusses customer satisfaction in banking, defines online/internet banking, and the benefits it provides to both banks and customers. It also outlines the key dimensions of online banking including customer to bank services, bank to bank transactions, electronic central banking, and internal bank intranet procurement. The proliferation of internet has opened new opportunities for retail banks to provide products and services through e-banking and online banking channels.
This document analyzes the opportunities and risks of e-banking in rural areas of India. It introduces e-banking and its importance. The objectives are to overview e-banking services and identify opportunities and challenges. The study uses secondary data sources. E-banking provides lower costs and more convenience but faces challenges in rural areas like lack of infrastructure, awareness, and education. Providing training could help address challenges and further develop e-banking services in rural India.
Final year project-Customer Awareness Towards SBI E Banking ServicesRahulsah65
This is a Final Year Project emphasizing on the Perspective, opinion and awareness of People and customers of SBI towards E banking facilities provided By Sbi in khonsa(Arunachal Pradesh)
This document summarizes a research paper on the impact of electronic banking (e-banking) on customer satisfaction at Hatton National Bank PLC in Sri Lanka. The study used questionnaires and interviews with 210 customers and employees to assess how factors like convenience, reliability, responsiveness, security and costs associated with e-banking affect customer satisfaction. The results showed e-banking had a positive impact and that convenience, security and costs were the main factors influencing customer satisfaction. The study provided recommendations to help HNB PLC further enhance customer satisfaction with e-banking.
Digitalisation in banking and its impact on industries (1)Supriya Sharma
This document is a summer training project report submitted to HDFC Bank. It discusses digitalization in banking and its impact on industries. The report contains chapters on digital banking, HDFC Bank's profile and operations, their digital banking services, the impact of digital banking, research methodology, data analysis, findings, and conclusions. HDFC Bank aims to become a world-class digital bank in India by offering various online and mobile banking services to customers and transforming transactions to digital platforms.
I completed a Seminar project.
My research is based on Seconday data.
I did a thoroughly research on the awareness of E-banking services amongst indian customers.
The objectives of my research are:
1) To study about the role, need, types, frauds, impact of Internet banking on banks, customers and society, various frauds and ways to overcome them in internet banking, services offered by internet banking and its benefit to the customers and banks.
2) To study about the future perspective and awareness of internet banking among Indian customers and ways to increase awareness among the customers.
A comparative study of e banking in public &Alka Shukla
This document presents a comparative study of e-banking services provided by public sector State Bank of India and private sector HDFC Bank. It provides an overview of the banking sector and structure in India. It then describes the development of e-banking since the 1980s and various services offered like bill payments, shopping, and ticket booking. The document analyzes e-banking products, channels and services provided by SBI and HDFC Bank based on a survey of their customers. It finds that customers choose these banks for e-banking due to convenience, security, and excellent customer service.
This document presents a study on consumer awareness and perception of e-banking services provided by Bank of Maharashtra. The study utilized both primary and secondary research methods including a questionnaire survey of 35 customers. Key findings were that customers found e-banking services to be more convenient and secure than branch banking. However, some customers still felt unsure about security of e-banking transactions. The document concludes by providing suggestions to improve customer awareness and trust in e-banking services.
The document is a student project report on e-banking in India. It includes an introduction that defines e-banking and discusses its background and development. It also outlines the objectives, methodology and limitations of the study. The conceptual framework section discusses how online banking works and its benefits to customers. The data analysis section examines how the internet and world wide web have enabled online banking services.
I HAVE DONE A PROJECT ON ONLINE BANKING IN INDIA WITH RBI GUIDLINES AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE BANKING IN INDIA WITH BOTH PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DATA ANALYSIS.
Financial services industry is developing due to the introduction of internet, rapid technological evolutions, deregulation, globalization as well as the impact of changing competitive and regulatory forces. So Financial system plays an important role in the economic development of the country. Because of the advent of information technology there is a change in the banking sector which has paved way for the introduction of retail electronic payment system and has progressed in the recent years in various countries and India has left no way behind. The objective of the paper is to examine and analyze the progress made by the internet banking in India. Bhawna Bhelly | Dr Sunil "Growth of E-Banking in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25082.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/25082/growth-of-e-banking-in-india/bhawna-bhelly
This document summarizes a research study on the uses and perceptions of e-banking among customers of HDFC Bank in India. The study used a survey of 100 HDFC Bank customers and found that employees, males aged 21-40 earning Rs. 15,000-20,000 per month mostly use e-banking for convenience and personal banking transactions. While e-banking usage could be increased among other groups, customers perceive it as convenient and easy to use. The document recommends the bank increase awareness programs, attract new customers, and customize e-banking services.
Impact of Internet banking on Customer SatisfactionAshwani Kumar
I. The document discusses a study conducted on internet banking services of Bank of Maharashtra.
II. It aims to study customer awareness, satisfaction levels and problems faced regarding internet banking.
III. The survey found that most customers are aware of and use online banking, and are satisfied with security levels, ATM availability and fund transfer services. However, some face issues with login/logout processes.
PROJECT REPORT - ONLINE BANKING - SEN 2Pradumnya Sen
This document is a project report submitted for a Bachelor's degree in Accounting and Finance. It studies online banking in India. The report contains an introduction that discusses the background and drivers of online banking in India, including security concerns. It identifies problems with customer awareness and outlines objectives to examine internet banking services and customer acceptance levels. The report will analyze types of banking customers and tools to interpret findings on the impact of internet banking on banking operations and customer satisfaction in India.
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON E-BANKING SERVICE BY SETHUsaravana vel.k
The document provides an introduction to customer satisfaction and e-banking services. It discusses how customer satisfaction is measured and defined. It then discusses online banking/e-banking, the various dimensions of e-banking including customer to bank services, and the benefits of internet banking for both banks and customers. The document outlines the objectives and importance of studying customer satisfaction of e-banking services provided by SBI in Tirupur, India. It discusses the research methodology and limitations of the study.
Market Research: Consumer Behavior and Satisfaction Level on use of Digital W...Prinson Rodrigues
Digital Wallet Vs. traditional mode of payment
Consumer preference
Survey to know the consumer behavior and satisfaction level of digital wallet over other modes
Digital wallet companies Paytm, Phonepe, Jio, M-pesa, Tez, Freecharge, Mobikwik
Security concerns on digital wallet system
Hindrances and benefits of digital wallet
This document is a project report submitted by Neha Shaw to the University of Calcutta for a B.Com Honours degree in Finance. The report examines online banking with a case study on Axis Bank. The introduction provides background on the growth of online banking and its benefits over traditional banking. The objectives are to better understand customer satisfaction dimensions in e-banking and Axis Bank's online banking services. The methodology involves collecting primary data through surveys as well as secondary data from sources like the internet, journals and articles.
13 growth of e banking challenges and opportunities in indiachelliah paramasivan
This document summarizes a journal article about the growth of e-banking in India, including the challenges and opportunities. It begins with an introduction to e-banking and the benefits it provides over traditional banking. It then discusses some of the key challenges to e-banking adoption in India, such as low broadband penetration, banks' ambivalent commitment, and customers' preferences for traditional branches. The document also outlines opportunities for e-banking growth in India, including initiatives to improve financial literacy. It concludes that while e-banking faces challenges in India, it has potential for growth, especially as internet penetration increases.
This document is a project report submitted by S. Prarthana to the Faculty of Management Studies at Dhanalakshmi College of Engineering in partial fulfillment of an MBA degree. The project report studies customer awareness of internet banking services provided by Dena Bank's T.Nagar branch in Chennai. It includes an introduction, objectives, need for the study, industry and company profiles, literature review, research methodology, data analysis and interpretation, summary and conclusion. 150 customers were surveyed using a questionnaire and their responses were analyzed using statistical tools like percentage, chi-square and correlation to draw inferences and provide suggestions.
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The advent of internet has great impact on the electronic banking. By using internet, banking is no time limit and geographic. Customers worldwide can within 24 days of the week and all have access to their accounts. Internet banking by using internet and web technologies enable customers to finance their activities in a virtual environment to do this is the difference between internet banking and home banking that for achieving banking services via the internet, there is no need to install proprietary software rather banking services but also can be accessed via a internet public network and the customer is linked to your bank account via the internet. This type of banking is partially web-based banking subsidiary with the difference is that web banking services bank was considered first introduced bank and service. Internet banking also expanded with the development of web applications. With increasing internet access to people who provide these services to be developed and banks that are unresponsive to this issue will disappear from the market
This document analyzes the opportunities and risks of e-banking in rural areas of India. It introduces e-banking and its importance. The objectives are to overview e-banking services and identify opportunities and challenges. The study uses secondary data sources. E-banking provides lower costs and more convenience but faces challenges in rural areas like lack of infrastructure, awareness, and education. Providing training could help address challenges and further develop e-banking services in rural India.
Final year project-Customer Awareness Towards SBI E Banking ServicesRahulsah65
This is a Final Year Project emphasizing on the Perspective, opinion and awareness of People and customers of SBI towards E banking facilities provided By Sbi in khonsa(Arunachal Pradesh)
This document summarizes a research paper on the impact of electronic banking (e-banking) on customer satisfaction at Hatton National Bank PLC in Sri Lanka. The study used questionnaires and interviews with 210 customers and employees to assess how factors like convenience, reliability, responsiveness, security and costs associated with e-banking affect customer satisfaction. The results showed e-banking had a positive impact and that convenience, security and costs were the main factors influencing customer satisfaction. The study provided recommendations to help HNB PLC further enhance customer satisfaction with e-banking.
Digitalisation in banking and its impact on industries (1)Supriya Sharma
This document is a summer training project report submitted to HDFC Bank. It discusses digitalization in banking and its impact on industries. The report contains chapters on digital banking, HDFC Bank's profile and operations, their digital banking services, the impact of digital banking, research methodology, data analysis, findings, and conclusions. HDFC Bank aims to become a world-class digital bank in India by offering various online and mobile banking services to customers and transforming transactions to digital platforms.
I completed a Seminar project.
My research is based on Seconday data.
I did a thoroughly research on the awareness of E-banking services amongst indian customers.
The objectives of my research are:
1) To study about the role, need, types, frauds, impact of Internet banking on banks, customers and society, various frauds and ways to overcome them in internet banking, services offered by internet banking and its benefit to the customers and banks.
2) To study about the future perspective and awareness of internet banking among Indian customers and ways to increase awareness among the customers.
A comparative study of e banking in public &Alka Shukla
This document presents a comparative study of e-banking services provided by public sector State Bank of India and private sector HDFC Bank. It provides an overview of the banking sector and structure in India. It then describes the development of e-banking since the 1980s and various services offered like bill payments, shopping, and ticket booking. The document analyzes e-banking products, channels and services provided by SBI and HDFC Bank based on a survey of their customers. It finds that customers choose these banks for e-banking due to convenience, security, and excellent customer service.
This document presents a study on consumer awareness and perception of e-banking services provided by Bank of Maharashtra. The study utilized both primary and secondary research methods including a questionnaire survey of 35 customers. Key findings were that customers found e-banking services to be more convenient and secure than branch banking. However, some customers still felt unsure about security of e-banking transactions. The document concludes by providing suggestions to improve customer awareness and trust in e-banking services.
The document is a student project report on e-banking in India. It includes an introduction that defines e-banking and discusses its background and development. It also outlines the objectives, methodology and limitations of the study. The conceptual framework section discusses how online banking works and its benefits to customers. The data analysis section examines how the internet and world wide web have enabled online banking services.
I HAVE DONE A PROJECT ON ONLINE BANKING IN INDIA WITH RBI GUIDLINES AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE BANKING IN INDIA WITH BOTH PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DATA ANALYSIS.
Financial services industry is developing due to the introduction of internet, rapid technological evolutions, deregulation, globalization as well as the impact of changing competitive and regulatory forces. So Financial system plays an important role in the economic development of the country. Because of the advent of information technology there is a change in the banking sector which has paved way for the introduction of retail electronic payment system and has progressed in the recent years in various countries and India has left no way behind. The objective of the paper is to examine and analyze the progress made by the internet banking in India. Bhawna Bhelly | Dr Sunil "Growth of E-Banking in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25082.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/25082/growth-of-e-banking-in-india/bhawna-bhelly
This document summarizes a research study on the uses and perceptions of e-banking among customers of HDFC Bank in India. The study used a survey of 100 HDFC Bank customers and found that employees, males aged 21-40 earning Rs. 15,000-20,000 per month mostly use e-banking for convenience and personal banking transactions. While e-banking usage could be increased among other groups, customers perceive it as convenient and easy to use. The document recommends the bank increase awareness programs, attract new customers, and customize e-banking services.
Impact of Internet banking on Customer SatisfactionAshwani Kumar
I. The document discusses a study conducted on internet banking services of Bank of Maharashtra.
II. It aims to study customer awareness, satisfaction levels and problems faced regarding internet banking.
III. The survey found that most customers are aware of and use online banking, and are satisfied with security levels, ATM availability and fund transfer services. However, some face issues with login/logout processes.
PROJECT REPORT - ONLINE BANKING - SEN 2Pradumnya Sen
This document is a project report submitted for a Bachelor's degree in Accounting and Finance. It studies online banking in India. The report contains an introduction that discusses the background and drivers of online banking in India, including security concerns. It identifies problems with customer awareness and outlines objectives to examine internet banking services and customer acceptance levels. The report will analyze types of banking customers and tools to interpret findings on the impact of internet banking on banking operations and customer satisfaction in India.
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON E-BANKING SERVICE BY SETHUsaravana vel.k
The document provides an introduction to customer satisfaction and e-banking services. It discusses how customer satisfaction is measured and defined. It then discusses online banking/e-banking, the various dimensions of e-banking including customer to bank services, and the benefits of internet banking for both banks and customers. The document outlines the objectives and importance of studying customer satisfaction of e-banking services provided by SBI in Tirupur, India. It discusses the research methodology and limitations of the study.
Market Research: Consumer Behavior and Satisfaction Level on use of Digital W...Prinson Rodrigues
Digital Wallet Vs. traditional mode of payment
Consumer preference
Survey to know the consumer behavior and satisfaction level of digital wallet over other modes
Digital wallet companies Paytm, Phonepe, Jio, M-pesa, Tez, Freecharge, Mobikwik
Security concerns on digital wallet system
Hindrances and benefits of digital wallet
This document is a project report submitted by Neha Shaw to the University of Calcutta for a B.Com Honours degree in Finance. The report examines online banking with a case study on Axis Bank. The introduction provides background on the growth of online banking and its benefits over traditional banking. The objectives are to better understand customer satisfaction dimensions in e-banking and Axis Bank's online banking services. The methodology involves collecting primary data through surveys as well as secondary data from sources like the internet, journals and articles.
13 growth of e banking challenges and opportunities in indiachelliah paramasivan
This document summarizes a journal article about the growth of e-banking in India, including the challenges and opportunities. It begins with an introduction to e-banking and the benefits it provides over traditional banking. It then discusses some of the key challenges to e-banking adoption in India, such as low broadband penetration, banks' ambivalent commitment, and customers' preferences for traditional branches. The document also outlines opportunities for e-banking growth in India, including initiatives to improve financial literacy. It concludes that while e-banking faces challenges in India, it has potential for growth, especially as internet penetration increases.
This document is a project report submitted by S. Prarthana to the Faculty of Management Studies at Dhanalakshmi College of Engineering in partial fulfillment of an MBA degree. The project report studies customer awareness of internet banking services provided by Dena Bank's T.Nagar branch in Chennai. It includes an introduction, objectives, need for the study, industry and company profiles, literature review, research methodology, data analysis and interpretation, summary and conclusion. 150 customers were surveyed using a questionnaire and their responses were analyzed using statistical tools like percentage, chi-square and correlation to draw inferences and provide suggestions.
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The advent of internet has great impact on the electronic banking. By using internet, banking is no time limit and geographic. Customers worldwide can within 24 days of the week and all have access to their accounts. Internet banking by using internet and web technologies enable customers to finance their activities in a virtual environment to do this is the difference between internet banking and home banking that for achieving banking services via the internet, there is no need to install proprietary software rather banking services but also can be accessed via a internet public network and the customer is linked to your bank account via the internet. This type of banking is partially web-based banking subsidiary with the difference is that web banking services bank was considered first introduced bank and service. Internet banking also expanded with the development of web applications. With increasing internet access to people who provide these services to be developed and banks that are unresponsive to this issue will disappear from the market
Customer’s Acceptance of Internet Banking in Dubaiiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document summarizes a research paper on e-banking in Iran. The paper finds that e-banking provides several advantages to Iranian banks by reducing costs compared to traditional banking. However, Iranian customers still lack knowledge about e-banking services available. The document defines e-banking as the automated delivery of banking services through electronic channels like the internet and mobile phones. It provides examples of benefits of e-banking for both banks and customers, such as lower costs, increased convenience and 24/7 access to accounts and services. However, adoption of e-banking remains low in Iran compared to other developed countries.
ASSESSMENT OF OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF ETHIOPIAN BANKING IN ADOPTING E...Ashley Carter
This document discusses a study on the opportunities and challenges of adopting e-services in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia. The study found opportunities like government support, competitive pressure, legal frameworks, ICT infrastructure development, and awareness programs. Technological factors were also opportunities. Challenges included high illiteracy, low internet penetration, underdeveloped ICT infrastructure, high internet costs, lack of financial networks, power outages, and technical issues. The document recommends the bank utilize opportunities and inform customers of e-banking benefits, while the government develops ICT infrastructure and regulations to support e-banking services.
This document provides an outline for a research study on analyzing the effects of consumer risk perception on purchasing banking services through the internet. It includes an introduction on banking and online banking, the need for internet banking in India, and discusses various dimensions of risk perceived by consumers. The objectives are to understand the impact of risk perception and determine differences between users and non-users of internet banking. A literature review is presented on previous studies related to online banking quality, risk perception, and factors influencing internet banking usage. The methodology discusses using descriptive and exploratory research approaches through surveys and secondary data collection.
This document summarizes a research paper on perceptions of UK customers toward internet banking. The paper was published in the Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce in April 2015. It conducted a study using a sample of 100 UK banking customers to evaluate perceptions on dimensions like security, privacy, convenience and time savings. The study found that customers generally perceive internet banking as reliable and secure, though some older respondents were less comfortable with it and had higher security concerns. The research aims to provide implications for attracting more online customers by enhancing security and privacy measures.
E-Banking System: Opportunities and Challenges – A StudyRHIMRJ Journal
E-Banking Service in India is still in the emerging stages of growth and development. Competition and changes in
technology have changed the face of Banking. The changes that have taken place impose on banks tough standards of
competition and compliance. E-banking is the use of computer system to retrieve and process banking data and information to
initiate transactions directly with a bank via a telecommunication network. In other words-banking is the wave of future. E
Banking is likely to bring golden opportunities as well as poses new challenges for authorities in regulating and supervising
the financial system and in designing and implementing the macroeconomic policy. This research paper aims to represent EBanking
System in India.
This document provides a report on internet banking that was prepared by a working group established by the Reserve Bank of India.
The 9 chapter report examines the risks, technology/security standards, legal issues, and regulatory concerns regarding internet banking. It provides an overview of international experiences with internet banking, the current Indian scenario, and makes recommendations.
Key areas discussed include the different types of risks posed by internet banking; recommended technology and security standards; identifying gaps in existing legal/regulatory frameworks; supervisory and operational issues for banks; and the impact of internet banking on monetary policy and clearing/settlement systems. The report analyzes these issues through the lens of the distinctive features of internet banking and aims to provide guidance for
The Role of E-Payment Tools and E-Banking in Customer Satisfaction Case Study...Eswar Publications
Background: banks, as the main components of any countries` economic backbone, perpetually try to satisfy the needs and expectations of their customers to increase customer satisfaction, since in today`s competitive world, gaining competitive advantage is a high priority for any organization. On the other hand, the emergence of information technology in the banking industry has provided speed, security, efficiency, and quality of services through electronic banking and electronic payment tools. Therefore, banks and credit firms are constantly trying to increase their quality of services to satisfy their customers and gain competitive advantage.
Objective: since customer satisfaction is a high priority as one of the goals of banks and credit firms, this study aims to investigate the role of e-payment tools and e-banking in customer satisfaction.
Methodology: this study is an applied research regarding goal and a correlation type descriptive-survey regarding methodology. The statistical population consists of 80 gold customers of Pasargad bank e-payment company and the sample size was determined 66.35 using Cochran`s equation. Moreover, a questionnaire s used to collect the information. This questionnaire was developed in two sections by the researcher. The validity of the questionnaire is confirmed by a group of experts, including professors and specialists of the field, and its trust is computed using Cronbach`s alpha (α=90%). Furthermore, SPSS software and Pearson`s correlation test were used to analyze the data. Results of the research indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between e-payment tools and e-banking. Therefore, the results can help to identify effective factors of customer satisfaction and in turn providing competitive advantage for this and similar organizations.
This document summarizes a research paper that investigates the problems and opportunities of electronic banking in Sudan. The paper begins with an introduction that defines electronic banking and outlines its benefits. It then reviews previous literature on the topic, particularly as it relates to developing countries and the Arab world. The paper discusses the current state of information and communication technology infrastructure in Sudan and identifies deficiencies in areas like skilled human resources, security, and infrastructure that constrain electronic banking. It concludes that while Sudan has made some progress with laws and regulations, many challenges remain that limit the applicability of electronic banking.
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Management (IJM) about factors influencing the adoption of e-banking in India. The article discusses how e-banking has changed the banking industry and provided customers with more convenient access. It then reviews past literature on factors like trust, demographics, service quality that affect e-banking usage. The research aims to understand factors influencing customers' choice of e-banking, critical success factors for users, and obstacles preventing non-users from adopting e-banking. A mixed methods approach including questionnaires was used to understand users and non-users.
AJIBM_2017061414261981 (số 3 bằng TA).pdfmyNguyen530
This study examines factors that influence the adoption of electronic banking (e-banking) in Zambia. The researchers applied the modified Technology Acceptance Model to examine how perceptions of usefulness, ease of use, and trust influence attitudes toward e-banking and intentions to adopt e-banking. They collected survey data from 222 bank customers in Zambia's two largest cities. The findings indicate that perceptions of usefulness, ease of use, and trust each positively influence attitudes toward e-banking, which in turn influence intentions to adopt e-banking. The study contributes to research on e-banking adoption in developing countries by applying an established model in the context of Zambia.
customer perception towards internet banking final reportjay prakash tyagi
The document discusses customer perception towards internet banking. It first defines internet banking as conducting banking transactions electronically from any location via the internet. It then discusses how banks offer internet banking and the benefits it provides customers in terms of convenience and reduced time and costs. The objectives of the study are then outlined as understanding the factors influencing customer perception, designing a measure to evaluate perception, and suggesting implications for banks.
Two items of perceived ease of use, four items of perceived benefits and two items of perceived barriers critically affect adoption of ATMs in Ghanaian banking according to a survey. A confirmatory factor analysis validated a research model showing the relationships between these factors and ATM adoption. The findings provide a basis for customer-driven ATM strategies and confirm prior understanding of technology adoption factors in electronic banking, though the study had limitations.
This document provides an overview of a research paper on internet banking and its adoption in the Arab world. The paper discusses how internet banking provides banking services anytime from anywhere, but its usage is still low in the Middle East and Arab world after being introduced over 10 years ago. It also outlines the paper's sections which will cover the drivers of internet banking, opportunities and challenges, an overview of electronic delivery channels, the architecture and security of internet banking systems, available services, and the adoption of internet banking in the Arab world.
This document provides a literature review and background on a study evaluating internet banking security among customers of Indian Bank in Coimbatore, India. It reviews previous studies on topics like internet banking adoption, security, and customer perceptions. It then outlines the objectives, scope, methodology, and hypotheses of the current study. Preliminary results are presented including the demographic profile of respondents and their awareness levels of various internet banking security measures offered by the bank. Tables show the modes through which customers became aware of internet banking and their perceptions of the benefits of traditional banking versus internet banking.
The Effect of Customers Perception on Security and Privacy of Internet Bankin...paperpublications3
Abstract: Internet banking allows banks to provide information and offer services to their customers conveniently using the internet technology. However, studies have shown that customers have perceptions that impact on the uptake and continuous usage of the platform. The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of customer perceptions on usage of internet banking in commercial banks in Kenya. This study used descriptive research design while a stratified random sampling technique was used to select subjects to represent the target population which was made up of 1,837,312 customers of commercial banks within Nairobi County. An estimated 384 respondents were targeted to participate in the study. 272 questionnaires representing a 71% response rate were received and analysed. Based on the findings of the research it was concluded that customers have perception that have an effect on usage of internet banking. Customers both users and potential, are still apprehensive about the security of internet banking transactions and privacy of their sessions while online. Due to increased phishing, on online scams and frauds perpetrated online customers are reluctant to adopt or continue using internet banking. It is the responsibility of commercial banks to sensitize their customers and assure them that it is safe to access internet banking from both a private and public network. They should provide customers with guidelines on how to safe guard their information and secure their log on credential while using both private and public networkKeywords:Internet banking, commercial bank, Technology Acceptance Model, customer perceptions.
Title:The Effect of Customers Perception on Security and Privacy of Internet Banking On Its Usage in Commercial Banks in Kenya
Author:Dr. Stephen Titus Waithaka, Kilembwa Muthengi Joseph Nzeveka
ISSN 2350-1022
International Journal of Recent Research in Mathematics Computer Science and Information Technology
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Performance Analysis of Audio and Video Synchronization using Spreaded Code D...Eswar Publications
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Due to the availability of complicated devices in industry, models for consumers at lower cost of resources are developed. Home Automation systems have been developed by several researchers. The limitations of home automation includes complexity in architecture, higher costs of the equipment, interface inflexibility. In this paper as we have proposed, the working protocol of PIC 16F72 technology is which is secure, cost efficient, flexible that leads to the development of efficient home automation systems. The system is operational to control various home appliances like fans, Bulbs, Tube light. The following paper describes about components used and working of all components connected. The home automation system makes use of Android app entitled “Home App” which gives
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E-learning plays an important role in providing required and well formed knowledge to a learner. The medium of e- learning has achieved advancement in various fields such as adaptive e-learning systems. The need for enhancing e-learning semantically can enhance the retrieval and adaptability of the learning curriculum. This paper provides a semantically enhanced module based e-learning for computer science programme on a learnercentric perspective. The learners are categorized based on their proficiency for providing personalized learning environment for users. Learning disorders on the platform of e-learning still require lots of research. Therefore, this paper also provides a personalized assessment theoretical model for alphabet learning with learning objects for
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Agriculture plays an important role in the economy of our country. Over 58 percent of the rural households depend on the agriculture sector as their means of livelihood. Agriculture is one of the major contributors to Gross Domestic Product(GDP). Seeds are the soul of agriculture. This application helps in reducing the time for the researchers as well as farmers to know the seedling parameters. The application helps the farmers to know about the percentage of seedlings that will grow and it is very essential in estimating the yield of that particular crop. Manual calculation may lead to some error, to minimize that error, the developed app is used. The scientist and farmers require the app to know about the physiological seed quality parameters and to take decisions regarding their farming activities. In this article a desktop app for seed germination percentage and vigour index calculation are developed in PHP scripting language.
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Microstrip patch antennas are recently used in wireless detection applications due to their low power consumption, low cost, versatility, field excitation, ease of fabrication etc. The microstrip patch antennas are also called as printed antennas which is suffer with an array elements of antenna and narrow bandwidth. To overcome the above drawbacks, Flame Retardant Material is used as the substrate. Rectangular shape of microstrip patch antenna with FR4 material as the substrate which is more suitable for the explosive detection applications. The proposed printed antenna was designed with the dimension of 60 x 60 mm2. FR-4 material has a dielectric constant value of 4.3 with thickness 1.56 mm, length and width 60 mm and 60 mm respectively. One side of the substrate contains the ground plane of dimensions 60 x60 mm2 made of copper and the other side of the substrate contains the patch which have dimensions 34 x 29 mm2 and thickness 0.03mm which is also made of copper. RMPA without slot, Vertical slot RMPA, Double horizontal slot RMPA and Centre slot RMPA structures were
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Evaluation of Factors Influencing Internet Banking Acceptance by Internet Users in Iran
1. Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications
Volume: 06 Issue: 06 Pages: 2503-2519 (2015) ISSN: 0975-0290
2503
Evaluation of Factors Influencing Internet
Banking Acceptance by Internet Users in Iran
Sanaz Nikghadam Hojjati
Department of Management and Economics, The Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Email: sanaznik@hotmail.com
Abbas Monavvarian
Department of Management Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Email: amonavar@ut.ac.ir
Fatemeh Soleimani Roozbahani
Department of Management and Economics, The Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Email: fa.solaymani@gmail.com
----------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------------
Purpose – The purpose of the study was to identify the factors underlying the decision to adopt online banking in
Iran. Design/methodology/approach – The samples used in this empirical study includes 560 persons who were
among Iranian Internet users and completed the interactive questionnaires. The statistical analysis which has
been used in regard to the dichotomous decision of whether to adopt Internet Banking services was Logistic
Regression.
Findings – The results show that one of the dominant relationships that have been observed in our study is the
link between the decision to use Internet Banking and the experience of using Internet. Certain demographic
variables like gender also proved to be robust predictors of the adoption status. This inquiry documents that
perceived level of security of Internet transactions in Iran Internet users don’t have impact on acceptance of
Internet Banking. These findings can provide a valuable tool for the expansion of Internet Banking and remove
impediments of Internet Banking acceptance.
Practical implications – The results presented in this paper can be of assistance to financial institutions that either
operates in Iran or Islamic countries. Useful insights are also provided with regard to security and strategies
fostering the acceptance of Internet Banking.
Originality/value – The analysis is based on a random sample of Internet users at Iran that rarely discussed in
previous literature.
Keywords - Internet Banking, Internet users, Iran, developed technology acceptance model 3.
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Date of Submission: February 10, 2015 Date of Acceptance: May 01, 2015
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I. INTRODUCTION
To benefit from the advantages of information society, on
the one hand, and to be afraid of being left further behind
by Global Society and the increase in the digital divide, on
the other hand, stimulate countries to be part of Global
Information Society [1]. For over a decade, information
technologies have significantly affected the banking
industry [2]. Banks and other financial institutes have
improved their functions as a financial intermediary
through adopting various information technologies [3, 4, 5,
6, 7]. Internet Banking , which is the act of conducting
financial intermediation on the Internet [7], is the latest
development that has added a new dimension to banking
transactions by allowing customers to conduct financial
transaction through the Internet. Due to the advantages for
both suppliers and consumers in the financial market,
Internet Banking services have rapidly grown in the world.
For example, in 2006, Pew Internet and American Life
Project reported that nearly half of Internet users in the
United States – 63 million adults – bank online [8]. Internet
Banking has benefits for banks to maintain competition, to
save costs, to enhance mass customization, marketing and
communication activities, and to maintain and attract
consumers [9, 10, 11, 12, 13]. DeYoung(2007) indicated
that Internet Banking ’s most important advantage is to
save time and cost and reducing overhead expenses
particularly in maintenance of physical branches,
marketing and work [14]. Chang [3]showed that Internet
Banking had a low transaction cost and a high speed of
service when compared to other banking services.
Moreover, at 2001 Lee and Lee revealed that Internet
Banking allows consumers easier access to their bank
accounts, lower service charges, and time saving. From the
bank’s view point, the first benefits for the banks offering
e-banking services is better branding and better responding
to the market. The other benefits are possible to measure in
monetary terms.
The main benefit from the bank customer’s
perspective is saving of time by the automation of banking
services processing and introduction of patronage
equipments for managing customer’s money. The main
advantages of e-banking for corporate customers are
increased comfort and timesaving, quick and continuous
access to information, better cash management, and
satisfaction private customers which seek slightly different
kind of benefits from e-banking [15]such as reducing
costs, convenience, speed and funds management [16, 17,
18, 19, 20], nevertheless one of the major issues banks are
faced with in providing Internet Banking (IB) services is
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the adoption of these services by the customers [21].
Consumers have not quickly changed their main
propensity to new form of use banking services. Internet
banking as a new banking service has not quickly
substituted for traditional ones and non-electronic banking
services. Internet Banking has not yet become mainstream
[22]and there are barriers to adopting it [23, 24, 18, 19,
25]. The key reasons for people not having adopted
Internet Banking are lack of need, lack of interest,
preference for face-to-face or telephone banking services,
and distrust of the Internet Banking channel. Rothwell and
Gardiner (1984) observed that there are two fundamental
sets of factors affecting user needs, namely price factors
and non-price factors. To this extent, Guadagni et al.
(1983), Gupta (1988), Mazursky et al., (1987) identified
price as a major factor in brand switching. The lack of
computer or Internet access appears to be the most
prominent. Internet Banking provides higher degree
of convenience that enables customers to access
Internet bank at all times and places. Apart from that,
the accessibility of computers is perceived as a
measure of relative advantage [26, 27, 23, 28, 29, 30,
31]. According to Cooper (1997) and Daniel (1999)
another important factor affecting the acceptance and
adoption of new innovation is the level of security or risk
associated with it. Even in countries where Internet
Banking has long been established, one of the most
important factors slowing progress of this new innovation
is the consumers concern for security of financial
transactions over the Internet. [32, 33, 34]. Finally,
demographic characteristics have been shown to be
pertinent predictors of the adoption status in prior studies
[35, 36, 18, 19]. customers due to their low educational
attainment or unavailability of adequate information
about this distribution channel can avoid from Internet
Banking [32, 36, 20, 25, 37, 38].
This study seeks to identify and examine the main factors
affecting Internet Banking adoption in Iran. The empirical
analysis presented here is based on a large sample of
Internet users and employs a set of explanatory variables.
Some of the factors considered, such as the impact of
marketing exposure or the interaction of Internet Banking
with other products, are relatively new to the empirical
literature. This inquiry focuses on the Iran banking market.
Findings of this study could be useful for the banking
sector in formulating appropriate strategies to build
customer loyalty and retain user’s strategies.
II. Banking Industry in Iran
Bank notes and gold coins were first used in the country
following the conquest of Lidi by Achaemenid king
Darius in 516 B.C. At that time, a gold coin called Derick
was minted as the Iranian currency. During the Parthian
and Sassanian eras, both Iranian and foreign coins were
used in trade in the country [39]. Bank financing is the
main source of outside financing in all countries [40].
Banking operations had been carried out in Iran by
temples and princes before the advent of Achaemenid
dynasty by government. Before a bank in its present form
was established in the country, banking operations had
been carried out in traditional forms in the form of money
changing. Money changing began to decline with the
establishment of New East Bank, an originally British
owned bank in the country in 1850. Bank Sepah was the
first bank to be established with Iranian capitals in 1925
under the name of Bank Pahlavi Qoshun, in order to
handle the financial affairs of the military personnel and
set up their retirement fund. In 1979, all Iranian banks
were nationalized and banking laws changed with the
approval of the new interest free Islamic banking
regulations. The New East Bank establishment 1850 and it
was in fact the first banking institute in its present form
established in Iran. New East Bank allowed individuals to
open accounts, deposit their money with the bank and
draw checks. It was at this time that people began to draw
checks in their dealings [39]. According to a concession
granted by the Iranian government to Baron Julius De
Reuter in1885, Bank Shahanshahi (Imperial Bank) was
established. This bank purchased the properties and assets
of the New East Bank, thus putting an end to the baking
operations of the former.
In 1209 (lunar hejira), the right of printing bank notes was
purchased from Bank Shahanshahi for a sum of 200,000
pounds and ceded to the Bank Melli of Iran. Bank
Shahanshahi continued its activities until 1948 when its
name was changed into Bank of Britain in Iran and Middle
East.
In 1269 (l.h.), a Russian national received a concession
from the government of Iran for establishment of Bank
Esteqrazi for 75 year. Besides, banking and mortgage
operations, the bank had an exclusive right of public
auction. In 1898 the Tzarist government of Russia bought
all shares of the bank for its political ends. Under a
contract signed with Iran, the bank was transferred to the
Iranian government in 1920. The bank continued its
activities under the name of Bank Iran until 1933 when it
was incorporated into the Bank Keshavarzi (Agriculture
Bank). The proposal to establish a national Iranian bank
was first offered by a big money dealer to Nasereddin
Shah before the Constitutional Revolution. In April 1927,
the Iranian Parliament gave final approval to the law
allowing the establishment of Bank Melli of Iran, but the
bank established in 1928. The Central Bank of Iran was
established in 1928, tasked with trade activities and other
operations (acting as the treasurer of the government,
printing bank notes, enforcing monetary and financial
policies and so on). In June 1979, Iranian banks were
nationalized and banking regulations changed with the
approval of the Islamic banking law. In terms of both
assets and capital, the banking sector is dominated by
Bank Melli Iran (National Bank of Iran). In recent years,
some privately owned banks [39].
The growth of electronic communication has significant
effects on every-day activities of human. The experts of
this area try to apply this technology for facilitating daily
affairs so that the owners of industries, service
organizations, and other centers becomes able to
communicate with their clients in the earliest time with
lowest expenses and free from time and place limitations.
In this way, they can offer their products and services and
even buy and sell them [41]. Based on the growth Tehran
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banks acquired between 7 to 10 ATM in its branches
experienced the first automatic money paid. In late 1981
the country's banks due to the use of personal computers
and the need to bank automation after different studying in
proposed framework for a comprehensive transformation
in planning informatics activities of banks was provided to
officials of banking network that in 1993 comprehensive
plan of the banking system automation adopted by the
general assembly of banks became to official form. During
1993 and 1994 years created spark a national switch to
electronic banking, the communication network
established between Melli bank and national stores. In
June 2002 adopted set of regulations governing in center
of interbank information exchange network customary to
“accelerating network". Thus the acceleration office of the
central bank was established in July 2002 [42].
Iran, with one of the highest levels of internet users in the
world, has a constantly growing part of its population
using internet banking. It is therefore important to examine
what affects customers’ usage of internet banking in Iran
[43]. On the other side, Vision Document or 20-Year
Document Iran, as Iran in 1404 dictates the country will be
the first in the region. One of the aspects of the Document
is implementing e-government [44], and internet banking
is one of the symbols of e-government.
III. Empirical Determinants and Hypotheses
The purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate the
determinants of Internet Banking adoption from the view
point of Iranian Internet users. Pikkarainen et al. (2004)
defines Internet Banking as an Internet portal, through
which customers can use different kinds of banking
services ranging from bill payment to making investments.
With the exception of cash withdrawals, Internet Banking
gives customers access to almost any type of banking
transaction at the click of a mouse [45]. Based on the
literature review, the research framework was formulated.
Some of researchers believed it is possible to study
acceptance from the attitude of the process of
consumer decision-making [24, 18, 19]. A lot of
researchers viewed have Internet Banking through the
prism of innovative technology adoption [46, 47, 35, 29,
48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53]. Although this theoretical
framework has been initially employed with reference to
products [54, 55], later studies used it also in the context
of services (e.g.:[56]). The aforementioned studies
directed us for designing our conceptual research model,
which is demonstrated in figure I.
[Figure I about here]
According to the literature [57, 58, 59, 60, 22, 52],
a decision by customers to accept Internet Banking can be
motivated by a variety of factors. To assess the factors
influencing decision of adopting Internet Banking can use
the literature in the marketing field that has largely
focused on motivation factors [61]. Research model as
brought in Figure “I” divides the factors which are
hypothesized to influence the individual’s decision to
acceptance of Internet Banking into 18 categories. By
using factor analysis, these categories have been
summarized in 6 main classes: Internet experience,
Use of other banking products, Demographic
attributes, Perceived security, Internet experience,
Marketing disposal.
Internet experience: According to Technology
Acceptance Model (TAM), perceived usefulness (PU), and
perceived ease of use (PEOU) influence one's attitude
toward system usage [62, 63, 64]. Perceived ease of use
(PEOU) of Internet Banking is a key factor in determining
adoption of this particular system. For using Internet
Banking , consumers have to be familiar with a set of
accompanying technologies such as a personal
computer and a web [25].
Duration of Internet use [20, 18, 19, 65, 53];
Internet use at the workplace [32, 25, 65];
Experience of e-finance [66, 25, 19, 18, 65]
Experience of online purchases [66, 25, 19, 18, 65].
Use of other banking products: Mattila et al.
(2003) state that experience of other banking products and
prior technology experience have been identified as
determinants of Internet Banking adoption. In the survey
run Gerrard et al. (2006), some respondents commented
that there was no human interaction when sourcing
financial services over the Internet. In other word, a
service delivered over the Internet lacked the human
touch. This can be sometimes slow the diffusion of cost-
cutting financial innovations [67]. Bayus (1987) and
Norton and Bass (1987) noted that a consumer’s
willingness to adopt a new technology is affected by his or
her prior pattern of adopting related technologies.
Karjaluoto et al. (2002a) indicated that electronic banking
technology experience was significant factor toward
Internet Banking among Finland bank consumers. Lee and
Lia (2001) indicated that heavy usage of banking service
was the most significant factor in the adoption of Internet
Banking among non-adopters, and prior Internet purchase
behavior was also a significant factor, but not as much as
the usage of related banking technologies. However, if
consumers have no experience of previous banking
technologies, they might find it hard to adopt recent
banking technology, even though they think Internet
Banking is necessary. Consequently, in order to
investigate whether mobile banking customers and holders
of debit, credit and virtual cards are more likely to apply
Internet Banking.
Type of Internet connection used: Internet
Banking offers new value to the customers. The
emergence of the Internet has had a significant impact on
the diffusion of electronic banking. With the help of
Internet, banking is no longer bound to time and
geography. Internet banking preserve time, save money,
provides convenience and accessibility and has positive
impact on customer satisfaction [18]Anyway, price
seemed to be factor militating against Internet Banking
[33]. Dial-up connection will cause connection charge and
telephone fee which can be considered as customer
expense [68, 69]. Individuals connecting via broadband
tend to pay a flat monthly fee, whereas those using a
dial-up assess are charged on a per-minute basis. Given
that the marginal cost of connection for broadband
subscribers is zero, one would expect them to be more
favorably inclined towards Internet Banking. They also do
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not suffer from the slow connection problem associated
with the telephone line modems, which on its own can
discourage certain people from adopting online banking
[32].
Based on Internet World User Stats site report until
June 30, 2010 Iran stand in13th place in regard of Internet
users in the world and according to the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU), Iran's Internet
penetration rate is the sixth highest in the region. Whiles
the predominant download speed for broadband
connections in Iran, among which the Asymmetric Digital
Subscriber Lines (ADSL) were the most common, has
been estimated not to exceed 128 kb/s (speed tests,
2011). The traditional dialup modems in Iran can reach a
maximum download speed of 56 kb/s, which means that
they are much slower in comparison to the broadband
connections. Nonetheless, according to Speedtests.net
report the average download speed in Iran is 74 kb/sec and
the average upload speed is 28kb/sec. The data published
by the ADSL-PAP.com (2010) reveals that, by March
2009, there were only around 557,857 broadband
subscribers in Iran; the majority of private users are
connected with dialup.
Marketing disposal: Awareness an innovative
product or service may precede the decision to adopt by
months or years [70, 71].Even an innovative may not
success without consumers cognizant of its existence and
the potential benefits it offers. The Wallis Report (1997);
cited by Sathye (1999) states that consumers will seek out
those financial products and suppliers witch offer the best
value for money and they are educated about it, therefore,
for adoption of Internet Banking, it is necessary that the
banks and financial companies offering this service make
the consumers aware about the existing of such a service
and it’s benefits [33].” Don’t assume good products sell
themselves” [72, 33].Also Polatoglu and Ekin (2001)
contended that marketing effort in Turkey had a positive
influence on e-banking acceptance. At the same time,
Suganthi et al. (2001) mentioned consumer awareness
effect the adoption of ant new innovative including
Internet Banking. In the survey run by Gerrard et al.
(2006), lake of knowledge war one of eight factors which
explained why Singaporean consumers are not using
Internet Banking .At 2007 in the in-depth interview carried
out by Kuisma et al. several reasons were revealed which
barred consumer from using Internet Banking, lack of
awareness was one of them.
Perceived security: Perceived risk is a major factor
affecting intentions to accept or to continue using a good
or a service. The intangible nature of Internet transactions
tends to heighten the consumer’s perception of risk [25].
The use of Internet Banking involves many types of risk.
Customers may feel that they do not have much control
over the misuse or abuse of personal information
transmitted via the Internet [25].In the service marketing
literature, it was suggested that consumers generally
perceive greater risk when purchasing services that goods
[73, 74]. These risks include financial risk, performance
risk, physical risk, social risk, psychological risk, and time
risk [24, 75]. Based on the literature that appears the level
of perceived risk is negatively related to the attitude
towards banking on the World Wide Web [47, 32, 25, 50,
76, 33, 77, 78, 53] in this study we uses perceived security
as a forecaster of customer acceptance.
Demographic characteristics: Although many
researchers, such as Daniel (1999), Jayawardhena, Sathye
(1999), and Foley (2000), Karjaluoto et al. (2002), Mattila
(2002a), Mattila et al. (2003), and indicated that
demographic factors were significant in their adoption
model, they did not explain why the demographic factors
had an impact on adoption of Internet Banking. Mattila et
al. (2002b) find that technical education, university degree
and household income impact the use of Internet Banking
also in the case of mature customers. Some demographic
variables, attitude toward computers, prior banking
experience, prior technology experience, and reference
group have been identified as determinants of Internet
Banking adoption [79, 80, 33]. In retail banking, adoption
was more likely among: young people [81, 82, 22]males
[81, 48, 83, 84] , married people [22]highly educated
customers [22, 84]and affluent customers [85, 82, 22].
The effect of demographic variables on adoption and
continued use of Internet Banking services was strongly
supported in a number of studies. Specifically , age and
gender were found to affect adoption and continued use of
retail banking services in a number of studies (e.g., [81,
86, 35, 24, 48, 18, 19]) Conversely , a number of studies
reported no such effect [24]. The effect of education
was supported by a number of studies (e.g., [87, 88,
48, 22, 85, 89, 84]).The effect of income was also
supported (e.g., [82, 85, 22, 84]). Marital status was found
to be one of the factor affecting retail banking adoption
and continued usage (e.g., [82, 22]). Stavins (2001)
documented that only a very small fraction of people
outside of paid employment chose the PC or Internet
Banking services. For those who had a job, income level
proved to influence the adoption decision [35, 18, 19].
This finding presumably derives from the lower computer
penetration in the low income stratum. Stavins (2001),
Karjaluoto et al. (2002) and Gan et al. (2006) showed that
the probability of using electronic banking is higher for
white-collar workers. Highly paid skilled workers are
more likely to use advanced technologies [90]because they
can improve their productivity through using advanced
technologies within a given time. Finally, the empirical
model takes into account the location of the respondent.
Stavins (2001) argued that geographic location matters for
the usage of electronic payments, and Gan et al. (2006)
provided evidence that online banking usage depends on
the urbanization of the residence area. In locations where
bank branches are sparse, customers may be forced into
transacting via the Internet.
On the basis of the literature review and conceptual
framework presented previously, the following hypotheses
are proposed for testing in the empirical study of Iran
Internet users that follows:
H1: Familiarity with the Internet medium, as
measured by the duration of past usage, application of
Internet at work, Experience of online purchases and
Experience of e-finance, will have affect on the usage
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of Internet Banking.
H2: Access to broadband Internet connection
will affect the probability of using Internet Banking.
H3: Use of other banking products, such as
mobile-banking, debit, credit and virtual cards will
have changed the chance of that a respondent use
Internet Banking.
H4: The individually perceived security of
Internet transactions will affect the probability of using
Internet Banking services.
H5: Exposure to online banking advertisements
will affect the likelihood of Internet Banking adoption.
H6: Demographic characteristics, such as age,
gender, income, education, place of residence of
employees and being white-collar workers will affect
the probability of using Internet Banking services.
IV. Data and Variable Definitions
Data collection method is highly influenced by the
methodology chosen [91].The data were collected by
means of online questionnaire by Spread
sheets.google.com; one of the most popular tools which
Google site offer to Internet users. The survey’s link
published on most popular Persian sites, weblogs, mailing
list, yahoo messenger rooms and face book. The survey
sample consisted of Iranian Internet users. There was an
invitation to participate in the survey for randomly
selected visitors. The responses of this electronic
questionnaire were anonymous and without any monetary
incentives offer1
. The data gathered at 45 days limitation.
In this term, 15841 people visited the survey and 623
people responded to that. Eventually 560 questionnaires
were useable. 273 people of those 560 responders were
Internet Banking users.
A lot of studies on IS adoption used dichotomous
categorization (for example: [92, 81, 35, 24, 18, 19, 65]).
The dependent variable in this study represents the Iranian
Internet users’ decision to use Internet Banking services.
As it mentioned earlier there are eighteen explanatory
variables that will examine. The dependent variable and
fourteen independent variables are indicator variables; one
of the variables is measured on a five-point Likert scale,
two of them measured on a positive and continuous scale
and one of them measured based on positive scale. Table I
shows Conceptual Definition, Measurement and Measure
scale of variables have been examined in this study.
To examine the fitness of questionnaire there are
some tests. Validity tests can be classified into three main
categories: Content validity, Criterion-related validity and
structure validity [93]. In this questionnaire content
validity has been emphasized. Content validity is used for
evaluating the components of measuring instruments. In
fact the concept of credit answers the question that the
measuring instrument how much can measure the proper
option. For determining the content validity of the
questionnaire, the questionnaire has been given to six
people of universities` faculty members and their opinion
about the factors has been asked, the desired changes were
implemented. Reliability is one of the technical
1
Offering monetary incentive has a potential over- representation of
respondents from the low income stratum [112, 114]
characteristics of measuring instruments. One way to
calculate the reliability coefficient is measuring
Cronbach's Alpha [44]. Internal consistency describes the
extent to which all the items in a test measure the same
concept or construct and hence it is connected to the inter-
relatedness of the items within the test. Internal
consistency should be determined before a test can be
employed for research or examination purposes to ensure
validity. In addition, reliability estimates show the amount
of measurement error in a test [94]. Cronbach's Alpha was
0.893 via SPSS Software. Therefore, the questionnaire has
a good reliability.
[Table I about here]
The respondents mostly have used the Internet
more than 7 years. Most of them have a broadband
connection and just 35% of them accessed the Internet at
work in the past. Almost all of the respondents have
confronted Internet Banking advertisements. Compared to
non-adopters, adopters are more likely to use mobile
banking and males were using Internet Banking more than
females. Employees were using this service more than un-
employees. Most of the adopters compared with non-
adopters had Experience of e-finance, using Internet at
work and online purchases. Table II reports summary
descriptive statistics for variables used in the study
separated by Internet Banking adoption status.
[Table II about here]
V. Empirical Results
Due to the fact that the Internet banking adoption
status is a binary variable, there are two statistical
technique: Discriminate analysis and Logistic Regression.
Logistic Regression is more powerful statistical tool
compared with Discriminate Analysis [95]. With logistic
regression, there is no standardized solution printed, and to
make things more complicated, the un-standardized
solution does not have the same straight-forward
interpretation as it does with Ordinary Least Squares
regression. In Logistic Regression there is no R
2
to gauge
the variance accounted for in the overall model (at least
not one that has been agreed upon by statisticians).
Instead, a chi-square test is used to indicate how well the
logistic regression model fits the data and Wald statistics2
used for the significance test. Also Logistic Regression
give us a type of "coefficient" that is useful. This
coefficient is called the odds ratio 3
(beta coefficients). The
results of Logistic Regression for Internet Banking
adoption are presented in Table III.
[Table III about here]
Based on Table III the Negelkerk R Square of the model is
0.521 and Cox & Snell R Square is 0.391, it’s mean
between 0.391 to 52.1 per cent of dependent variables
changes related to logistics independents variables. The
likelihood ratio test (χ
2 of
277.694 (d.f. = 18)) and with
considering to number of observations (560), rejects the
null hypothesis of no relationship between the dependent
2
The statistic z is sometimes called a Wald statistic. Output
from some statistical software reports the significance test
result in terms of the square of the z statistic
3
Odds Ratio. The odds ratio is equal to exp(B), or sometimes written e
B
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variable and the independents variables.
Supplemental statistical measures provide further
evidence on the effectiveness of the Logit model4
which
is shown at below. Based on a classification with
prediction cut- off value of 0.5 the model correctly
classifies 80.0% of the respondents. Finally, the Hosmer
and Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit test [96] further
ascertains the suitability of the model. The test showed
a χ
2 o f
7.505 (d.f. = 8) with a p-value of 0.483, which
implies that the logistic model fits the data well.
Logit model:
Individuals who have used the Internet for a
shorter period and have Internet access at work, as well
as those who conducted Internet transactions and
Internet financial transaction in the past, were more likely
to accept Internet Banking. Accordingly, it can be
concluded that hypotheses H1 is supported by the data.
After controlling for other factors, Broadband was
statistically insignificant and hypothesis H2 was rejected.
We detected the possible reasons which could be cause of
this result. First, the quality of both kind of Internet
connection broadband and dial-up at Iran; both of them are
too low speed and too expensive. Thereupon cost of using
different type of internet connections and speed of
connection is not that much important to affect internet
users’ behavior about Internet Banking acceptance. On the
other hand, a simple banking operation by a dial-up user
does not take longer than 20 minutes in Iran; the cost
added to the telephone bill will not go beyond 22000
Rial per month. Whereas, the cost for broadband
connection in cheapest and slowest service is 70000 Rial
per month individuals who have used the dial up
connections will have more benefits than those who use
broadband. Then a cost- benefit analysis from the
perspective of the consumer can deter Iranian Internet
users to involve this factor in decision making process for
acceptance Internet Banking.
According to findings in this research, previous
experience of Mobile baking has a positive impact on
adopting Internet Banking from Iranian Internet users’
perspective. Mattila et al. (2003) and Lee et al. (2005)
documented that consumers who heavily utilized the
existing electronic services showed a greater propensity to
adopt Internet Banking. But same result did not find for
ownership of a debit, credit or virtual card by Iranian
Internet users. The Wald chi-square test statistic for the
null hypothesis that all coefficients on Use of other
banking products variables are equal to zero is 13.829
4
In the logit model the log odds of the outcome is modeled as a linear
combination of the predictor variables.
(d.f. =4) with a corresponding p-value of 0.008. The
hypothesis H3 cannot thus be rejected as an accurate
description of reality.
In Most of the previous researches (for example:
(Black, et al., 2001; Gerrard, et al., 2006; Laforet & Li,
2005; Lee, et al., 2005; Liao, et al., 1999;
Rotchanakitumnuai & Spence, 2003; Sathye, 1999; Singh,
2004; Suh & Han, 2002; Tan & Teo, 2000)) the perceived
security appeared as a predictor of Internet Banking
adoption, but in this research we didn’t find a Significant
relevance between them. Remarkable is that none of these
560 responders have trust to online banking transactions.
Also the frequency distribution of responders who found
online banking transactions almost secure and frequency
distribution of responders who found online banking
transactions almost un-secure was almost equal.
Costumers’ lack of knowledge about Internet banking
security can inducement anxiety in users’ perceived
security. According to TAM and TAM3 [63, 97, 98]
technology anxiety and indevidual’s viewpoint of new
technology can impact technology acceptance process. It
can be concluded that hypotheses H4 is rejected.
In this research we didn’t find significant relevance
between exposed to advertisements regarding Internet
Banking and acceptance of Internet Banking. The cultural
issues of Iran and lack of trust to pretensions in
advertisement between Iranian respondents can be cause
of this result. Therefore, regarding to results which
showed at Table III hypotheses H5 is rejected.
Some of the demographic attributes emerged
as important determinants of adoption. Internet
Banking is clearly preferred by male employees.
Furthermore, Based on Table III with increasing
education level and income level of individuals, the
possibility of acceptance of Internet Banking was
decreasing. The Wald chi-square test statistic for the null
hypothesis that all coefficients on demographic variables
are equal to zero is 92.106 (d.f. =7) with a
corresponding p-value of 0.000. The hypothesis H6
cannot thus be rejected.
VI. Conclusion
The banking industry plays a significant role i n
supporting economic development through efficient
financial services [99, 100, 101]. Iranian banks
have embraced innovative banking technologies
and Internet Banking service in recent years.
Almost all Iranian banks have invested in
expanding and improving the IT systems.
Probably, Internet Banking acceptance depends to
bank services quality, and customer satisfaction.
The objective of this study was investigating the factors
affecting the decisions to accept Internet Banking in Iran.
At the time of conducting this study almost all Iranian
banks were offering Internet Banking services; and based
on Internet World User Stats site report until June 30,
2010, Iran with 33.2 million Internet users stands in13th
place in regard to Internet users in the world. Therefore,
we narrowed our research scope to Iran Internet users’
respondents. Based on the research goals, the effective
factors were extracted from reviewing literature and
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Volume: 06 Issue: 06 Pages: 2503-2519 (2015) ISSN: 0975-0290
2509
related theories to adoption of the new technology such as
Technology Acceptance Model [62], Theory of Planned
Behavior [102], Diffusion of Innovation Theory [71],
Technology Acceptance Model 3[97, 98]. Based on the
derived factors, the research model of this study has been
designed. A logistic regression has been applied to
pinpoint the determinants of the adoption status. Data
analysis consequences reveal that experience in using
internet, experience with other banking products and
demographic attribute affect on accepting Internet
Banking services in Iran. In most previous studies,
perceived security and marketing campaigns were
significant factors in adopting Internet Banking but in this
study they were not significant factors in Iranian internet
users’ adoption Internet Banking. It has been documented
that customers who are familiar with other electronic
distribution channels, especially mobile banking, show
greater proclivity to use Internet Banking in Iran.
Furthermore, using Internet at work, shorter duration of
Internet usage, having Internet transactions experience in
the past and Internet financial transaction were important
predictors of the adoption status. The higher probability of
conducting banking operations via the medium of Internet
can be resulted from increasing of technology-savvy.
Gender and being employee (as demographic
characteristics) also seem to have an influence on
acceptance of Internet Banking in Iran. We did not find
correlation between acceptance of Internet Banking and
the area of residence, educational level, income level and
the age of the respondent. This study results exhibit lack
of awareness about Internet Banking transactions security
can induce anxiety in users’ perceived security. Persian
culture and lack of trust in banks’ advertisement that are
presented by respondents can be the factors responsible for
rejection of Internet Banking services advertisement in
Iran.
VII.Managerial Implications
The findings of present study have important implications
for researchers and banks that are currently offering
Internet Banking service as well as banks that are planning
to offer such services. In terms of research, this study
provides further evidence on appropriateness of using
Technology Acceptance Model 3[97, 98]to measure
influence factors of Internet Banking service. However, it
should be noted that the difference between the findings of
present study and prior studies which was using TAM3,
could be due to the inherent factors of the sample of
Iranian Internet users. Results reported in Section V
present the managerial implications for Internet Banking
adoption.
Davis (1989) in primal Technology Acceptance
Model highlighted that the diffusion of any innovation
hinges also upon its ease of use. The results in present
study showed that lack of experience of using online
transactions, experience of online purchases and other e-
banking services which were similar to Internet Banking
hinders adoption. Therefore, we believe that a lot of clients
are not interested in using Internet Banking because they
feel using Internet Banking is more complex than other
banking services. However, to reduce the customers worry
about complexity of Internet Banking service, banks
should equip Internet Banking websites with a
demonstration facility and a virtual assistant. In addition,
the banks should support customers with a help center to
ensure them that whenever they face a problem, they are
able to resolve it by making a phone call or sending an e-
mail. Also Iranian banks should try to improve the
technical reliability of Internet Banking system and
customers awareness about using Internet Banking. Also
banks should make their Internet Banking systems as user-
friendly as possible to make customers’ Internet Banking
experience more pleasant. The banks should improve
offer of electronic banking services especially services in
financial markets, business companies and organizations
and offer interesting packages for encouraging them to use
Internet Banking. Individuals who want gain these
financial organizations services should to use electronic
banking services, it will make them familiar with these
services. On the other hand, banks' website should be
comprehensible and the information contained therein
should be written in a non-technical language.
This study showed that customers’ benefit and cost
associated with Internet Banking adoption. Therefore,
banks should aware consumers about the benefits of
Internet Banking, especially lower operations costs.
According to a global survey conducted by Booz-Allen
and Hamilton (1997), the establishment of specialized
Internet Banking requires only US$1-2 million, which is
lower than branch-based banking setup. The traditional
bank’s running cost account for 50% to 60% of its
revenues, while the running cost of Internet Banking is
estimated at 15% to 20% of its revenues. Based on this,
the main benefits of Internet Banking for banks are cost
saving [103, 79] then banks can have more flexibility
about paying revenues to bank’s Internet Banking service
customers and asking less operation expenses from them.
If customers find Internet Banking with more benefits at
lower costs, they will be motivated to use these services
instead of traditional banking services.
As cost-benefit paradigms greatly influence
people’s attitudinal benefits and outcome judgments, trust
can be a direct influencer that determines people’s attitude
toward behavior [104, 63]. In this research we didn’t find
significance statistical relation between perceived security
and acceptance of Internet Banking. At the same time,
based on the findings of the research, we discovered there
is inconsistency in Iranian Internet users’ perceived
security. Anxiety and indevidual’s viewpoint about new
technology can affect to technology acceptance process
[63, 97, 98]. In addition, we didn’t find statistical
significance between Marketing Exposure and Internet
Banking acceptance. At a lot of former researches, there
were correlation between Marketing Exposure and Internet
Banking acceptance, but we didn’t find the same results.
Present study recommends, for the first step, Iranian banks
should have continuous improvement awareness strategy
about new electronic services. Afterward, they should try
to maintain a good record by eliminating any potential
security threats in a proactive manner. It is therefore
essential that the bank advises its Internet Banking service
8. Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications
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2510
users to take a number of precautions.
This study results didn’t prove the impact of
marketing exposure on the Iran Internet user’s decision to
adopt Internet Banking service. But due to importance of
individual’s awareness about Internet Banking benefits
and its security situation we need to indentify the target
customers and thereafter the best advertising medium.
According to the data provided in Table II, over 93.8% of
the respondents have confronted Internet Banking
advertisement. Meanwhile, 37.8% of the individuals
participating in the survey have encountered an online
banking advertisement on the Internet, 79.8% have seen
a TV commercial, 28% of Internet users had
experience of watching Internet Banking
advertisement from billboards and 24.3% of
them have read a newspaper advertisement. Radio
advertising resulted was 19%. Notably, the majority of
respondents (77.3%) considered the TV to be the best
advertising medium for online banking.
It has been also shown that the likelihood of
using Internet Banking service is positively correlated
with the adoption of other e-banking products; which
signifies that the customers who have experience of other
electronic banking services, especially mobile banking,
have greater probabilities to adopt Internet Banking.
Therefore, retailers or marketers in banks should focus
on customers who have already used other electronic
banking services to boost usage of Internet Banking.
Also, managers should consider Internet Banking and
other electronic banking services as a part of multi
channels provided to better serve the customers [105].
All banking channels should be managed strategically
with the eventual goal of reaching high customers
satisfaction and retention. Thus, if customers believe
that previous electronic banking services were useful
and desirable, they will find enough courage for
accepting Internet Banking service.
Different studies have analyzed the
characteristics of Internet Banking adopters, and
especially focused on their demographic
characteristics. This study has been found further
significant influence for gender and occupation among
demographic variables. Gender has not been found to
have a direct impact on adoption of technology in
general [106, 107]whereas the result of this study
indicates that men represent the segment with the
higher use of Internet Banking service. Also, higher
use of Internet Banking has been evident for jobholders
compared to unemployed. With notice to this reality, if
bank’s strategy approaches towards organizations by
providing special offers for this segment, it may
increase the rate of adoption of Internet Banking
service. Besides, if organizations support Internet
Banking service providers, they can help customers
work through the pros and cons of adopting this new
technology.
VIII. Theoretical Contributions
Some of the results of this study are similar to outcomes
propounded in the reviewed literature. Technology
Acceptance Model [62, 63], Diffusion of Innovations
theory [108] and Technology Acceptance Model 3 [97,
98]were the most prominent theoretical models used to
extract the variables of this study. We find that individuals
who are more familiar with Internet are indeed more
positively inclined towards Internet Banking. Also our
finding revealed that computer efficacy and anxiety (as the
main pillars of the decision making for Internet Banking
adoption) constitute crucial factors influencing the
perceived ease of use. In addition, perceived usefulness is
one of the important factors of adoption of Internet
Banking. Furthermore, as has been showed in Gerrard et
al. (2006), between assemble of perceived ease of use and
usefulness in the TAM model and the concepts of
complexity and relative advantage in the Diffusion of
Innovations framework there is proximity. Therefore, it
can be claimed that the results of this research contributes
to the Technology Acceptance Model and the Diffusion of
Innovation theory. Sathye (1999) and Gerrard et al. (2006)
mentioned that the reliability of Internet connection should
be an important determinant of the adoption status, that is
why our model included this factor; but in our results we
didn’t find major correlation between Internet connection
and adoption of Internet Banking. After reviewing the
literature and the theories of acceptance of new technology
(especially TAM), we decided to include measuring risk
variable and perceived credibility to our model [109, 110,
38, 111]. Also this study confirmed the significance of a
set of demographic attributes.
IX. Limitations and Further Research
The same as most of the researches, this research
faces some limitation. The limitations are as follows:
This research only surveyed the Persian Internet
users and our sample has been restricted to the
respondents who share Persian cultural background.
The data were collected during 45 days (mid of
March to end of April). So the results can only be
generalized to the Internet users which were accessing
Internet in this period of time. We recommend to
researchers to perform this research as a multi-duration
research and compare the finding with this research
finding.
Since this study focused on use of Internet Banking
service, it is suggested that future research, explores other
electronic banking products such as mobile banking
among the Iranian Internet users, and compare the results
with the result of this study.
Although this study focused on the adoption of
Internet Banking services by Internet users in Iran, it can
be extended to Middle East Internet users or Internet users
from across the world. Comparison can then be made
between Iranian Internet users and Middle East Internet
users or Internet users from across the world in terms of
the factors influencing their decision for adopting Internet
Banking service.
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Appendix
Figure I: Research Model
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2517
Table I: Explanatory variables examined in study
Variables Conceptual Definition Measurement Measured scale
Internet
Experience
Number of years the
respondent has been using
the Internet
Number of years the respondent has been
using the Internet
Measured on a
positive and
continuous scale
Internet at
Work
Internet use at work 1 if the respondent uses Internet at work; 0
otherwise
Indicator variable
Internet
Transactions
Experience with online
transactions
1 if the respondent conducted at least one
Internet purchase or sale in the past; 0
otherwise
Indicator variable
Internet
Financial
Transactions
Experience with online
financial transactions other
than Internet Banking
1 if the respondent conducted at least one
Internet financial transaction in the past; 0
otherwise
indicator variable
Mobile
Banking
Experience with mobile
phone banking
1 if the respondent conducted at least one
financial transaction over the mobile
phone in the past; 0 otherwise
Indicator variable
Debit Card Debit card ownership 1 if the respondent holds a debit card; 0
otherwise
Indicator variable
Credit Card Credit card ownership 1 if the respondent holds a credit card; 0
otherwise
Indicator variable
Virtual Card Virtual card ownership 1 if the respondent holds a virtual card; 0
otherwise
Indicator variable
Perceived
Security
Security of Internet
transactions perceived by
the respondent;
Variable measured on a five-point scale
ranging from 1 (very unsafe) to 5 (very
safe)
Five-point Likert
Marketing
Exposure
Exposure to Internet
Banking advertisements
1 if the respondent came across at least
one advertisement; 0 otherwise
Indicator variable
Broadband Type of Internet
connection
1 if the respondent accesses the
Internet via broadband Internet
connection; 0 otherwise
Indicator variable
Education Level of education Variable derived from the highest
educational attainment
Measured on a
positive and
continuous scale
Age between
18 and 60
Age level 1 if the respondent is between 18 and 60
years of age; 0 otherwise
Indicator variable
Male Gender 1 if the respondent is a male; 0 otherwise Indicator variable
Area of
Residence
Location of response
Metropolises/City/Town/V
illage/ Bedouin
The area which the respondent resides Measured on a
positive scale
Employed Employment status 1 if the respondent is in paid employment;
0 otherwise
Indicator variable
High Income Income level 1 if the respondent’s monthly net income
is above
10000000Rial, 0 otherwise
Indicator variable
White Collar Occupation 1 if the respondent is a white-collar
worker; 0 otherwise
Indicator variable
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Table II: summery descriptive statistics for variables by adoption status
Variables Frequency Percentage Adopters Non-adopters
Internet experience
Less than 6 months 35 6.3 7 28
Between 6-12 months 48 8.6 13 35
Between 1-3 years 61 10.9 16 45
Between 3-5 years 92 16.4 39 53
Between 5-7 years 104 18.6 49 55
More than 7 years 220 39.3 149 71
Internet at Work
Yes 196 35.0 145 51
No 364 65.0 128 236
Internet Transactions
Yes 257 45.9 202 55
No 303 54.1 71 232
Internet Financial Transactions
Yes 84 15.0 72 12
No 476 85.0 201 275
Mobile banking
Yes 189 33.8 110 79
No 371 66.3 163 208
Debit card
Yes 174 31.1 84 90
No 386 68.9 189 197
Credit card
Yes 466 83.2 230 236
No 94 16.8 43 51
Virtual card
Yes 32 5.7 12 20
No 528 94.3 261 267
Perceived security
Certainly no 64 11.4 41 23
Presumably no 193 34.5 65 128
Hard to say 109 19.5 61 48
Presumably yes 194 34.6 106 88
Certainly yes 0 0 0 0
Marketing exposure
Yes 525 93.8 257 268
No 35 6.3 16 19
Broadband
Yes 412 73.6 229 183
No 148 26.4 44 104
Education
Junior high school 7 1.3 3 4
High school 17 3.0 5 12
Diploma 71 12.7 22 49
Associate of art or bachelor 354 63.2 161 193
Master degree 95 17.0 68 27
Ph.D. or higher 16 2.9 14 2
Age between 18 and 60
Age between 18-60 540 96.4 272 268
Another 20 3.6 1 19
Gender
Men 431 77.0 228 203
Women 129 23.0 45 84
Aria of residence
Bedouin 1 .2 1 0
Village 4 .7 4 0
Town 9 1.6 4 5
City 265 47.3 94 171
Metropolis 281 50.2 170 111
Employee
Yes 240 42.9 155 85
No 320 57.1 118 202
High income
More than 10 million Rial 45 8.0 33 12
Less than 10 million Rial 515 92.0 240 275
White collar
White color worker 164 29.3 107 57
Else 396 70.7 166 230
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2519
Table III: result of Logistic Regression analysis for Internet banking adoption
Variables in the Equation B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a Internet Experience -.217 .083 6.899 1 .009 .805
Internet at Work .522 .273 3.650 1 .056 1.685
Internet Transactions 1.912 .244 61.621 1 .000 6.766
Internet Financial Transactions 1.459 .394 13.720 1 .000 4.303
Broadband .391 .274 2.043 1 .153 1.479
Mobile Banking .731 .252 8.457 1 .004 2.078
Debit Card -.062 .261 .056 1 .813 .940
Credit Card .149 .318 .221 1 .638 1.161
Virtual Card -.574 .517 1.231 1 .267 .563
Perceived Security -.154 .107 2.077 1 .149 .857
Marketing Exposure .131 .488 .072 1 .788 1.140
Male .746 .280 7.106 1 .008 2.108
Age between 18-60 1.081 1.123 .926 1 .336 2.947
Aria of residence -.197 .198 .990 1 .320 .821
Employee 1.003 .354 8.017 1 .005 2.725
High income -.258 .452 .324 1 .569 .773
White-color -.380 .379 1.006 1 .316 .684
Education -.216 .168 1.662 1 .197 .805
Constant -6.356 2.619 5.890 1 .015 .002
Number of observations 560
Model Chi-square (d.f. =18; sig.= 0.000) 277.694
Negelkerk R Square 0.521
Cox & Snell R Square 0.391
(Hosmer and Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit test )Chi-square (d.f. =8; sig.= 0.483) 7.505
Mrs. Sanaz Nikghadam Hojjati has
obtained B.S. degree in Math from
Islamic Azad University in 2005, and
has obtained Master degree in
Information Technology Management
summa cum laude with a cumulative
GPA of 19.94 [out of 20] amongst the graduates of this
major who had been graduated in 2011 from Farabi
University. Presently she is pursuing Ph.D. in
Information Technology Management in SRBIA
University. Her research fields are Information
Business Intelligence, e- Banking, e- Commerce,
Management of Information Technology Projects,
Artificial Intelligence, Fuzzy Logic and Management
Information Systems. She is appointed as a Lecturer in
Azad University, Deptt. of Information Technology.
Professor Abbas Monavvarian has
obtained B.S. degree in Economics
from Shiraz University in 1976, and
has obtained Master degree in Public
Management from University of
Tehran in 1992. He has obtained his
MBA from Adelaide University in 1994 and has
obtained Ph. D. degree from Flinders University in
1997. His research fields are Strategic Management,
Policing, Adaptive Management, e-Banking, e-
Commerce. He is appointed as a Professor in the
University of Tehran, Deptt. of Management.
Miss. Fatemeh Soleimani Roozbahani
has obtained B.S. degree in Nuclear
Physics from Shahid Chamran
University in 2009, and has obtained
Master degree in Information
Technology Management summa cum laude with a
cumulative GPA of 19.76 [out of 20] amongst the
graduates of this major who had been graduated in 2011
from Farabi University. Presently she is pursuing Ph.D.
in Information Technology Management in SRBIA
University. Her research fields are Information
Business Intelligence, Systems Integration, Strategic
Information Systems, e- Banking, e- Commerce,
Knowledge Management and Security in Computer
Networks. She is appointed as a Lecturer in Azad
University, Deptt. of Information Technology.