The document discusses conventions in the pop music genre, particularly related to female pop artists. It provides examples of conventions across music videos, album artwork, websites, and other promotional materials. Key conventions discussed include minimalistic white sets focused on the artist, close-up camera shots emphasizing faces and bodies, inclusion of romantic themes and love interests, elegant costumes, emphasis on beauty through makeup, editing that cuts with the beat, cursive fonts, red and white color schemes, headshots emphasizing facial features, lighting that enhances colors, and typical page elements like galleries, tour dates, and social media links on websites. The document also notes some ways conventions were challenged or developed in the analyzed materials.

1. EVALUATION TASK 1

2. WHAT ARE FORMS AND CONVENTIONS?
▸ Conventions in music campaigns are signs which create meaning for
the audience. Conventions, over the years have essentially created
what we call ‘genres’ and helped us differentiate between media
products, such as pop and rap music
▸ Conventions allow the audience to easily tell each genre apart, and
find what they are looking for.
▸ Conventions can be split into two categories; technical and symbolic
conventions.
▸ These can be conveyed through a myriad of different things, such as
as set design, camera work, costume and editing.

3. THE (FEMALE) POP GENRE
▸ Pop music is a genre of popular music that
originated in its modern form in the United
States and United Kingdom during the
mid-1950s.
▸ Female pop is a sub genre of pop music, which is
essentially a female pop artist.
▸ Typically consists of one ‘beautiful’ female.
Usually pop stars are young and tend to be
white.
▸ Madonna is known as the ‘Queen of Pop.’ (right)
▸ They follow a defacto set of rigid conventions,
which are prevalent through almost all of their
videos, appearances, artworks and shows.

4. SIMILAR PRODUCTS RESEARCHED:
Katy Perry
Dua Lipa
Miley
Cyrus
Taylor
Swift
Britney
Spears
Mariana
Martinez
Ariana
Grande
Christina
Aguleria
Lady Gaga
Selena
Gomez
Rihanna
Mariah
Carey
Miranda
Cosgrove
Camila
cabello
Fergie
Zara
Larsson
Carly Rae
Jepsen
Kesha
Sia
Pink
Ellie
Goulding
Jess
Glynne
Jessie J
Demi
Levato
Victoria
Justice

5. VIDEO

6. SET DESIGN
▸ In Dua Lipa’s video, the set design is very minimalistic, in that it
consists of a single chair in a nondescript white room. In our
video, we emulated this and used a single red chaise longue on
a plain white set. We did this because the pop genre demands a
focus on the artist, above all else, so by placing the artist in a
white room with nothing but her and what she’s sitting/lying on,
the audience instantly focuses on her, effectively engaging
them.

7. CAMERA WORK
▸ On the left is a screenshot from Britney Spear’s ‘Oops I did it again.’
On the left, the shot used is a close up of the artist, framing the star’s
face in near the middle of the shot. We DEVELOPED this further, by
placing half of our artist’s face in the middle, and half of her out of
focus body. We did this because our modern age has witnessed a rise
in idolising women’s bodies and showcasing their features above all
else. A prime example of this is all famous pop stars at the moment,
such as Ariana Grande, and people like Kim Kardashian.

8. PERFORMANCE
▸ On the left is P!nk’s music video, ‘Try’. It utilises a male ‘love interest,’
to keep the audience engaged, as representing both genders in the
music video will of course engage both genders watching. We used
this performance convention in our music video, as we knew it was
appealing to our target demographic, young girls between 10-25.
In addition to this, it adhered to the conventions we had in the
video previously, such as the themes of romance and love which
came through our choice of costume and colour schemes.

9. COSTUME
▸ In the music video on the left, Katy Perry chose to have a regal
looking white dress, to what I believe is to connote a sense of
regality, elegance and innocence. Similarly, in this frame we used
a white dress as a costume to connote a sense of elegance and
innocence as well. We did this because we wanted to create a
greater contrast to the sensuality and romance portrayed when
our artist wears her red dress in the red room. This would engage
our audience as it makes the costume change later in the video
have more of an emotional and visual impact.

10. MAKE-UP
▸ Within the female pop genre, beauty is what essentially creates a best-selling
artist. There are have not been, in any era, a famous female pop star whose
looks were subpar, or aesthetically dissatisfactory. Make-up is then a helpful
tool which helps enhance and highlight beautiful features on the artist. For
example, on the left, what makes Taylor Swift attractive in this instance is her
lips and eyes, and aptly they are well made up. We used this convention on
our artist to enhance her eyes, which are a key feature of her beauty, and we
also used red lipstick to contrast against her white skin and white couch,
which draws more attention on the artist, contributing to her star-image, in
that she is the centre of attention.

11. EDITING
▸ Generally, pop music videos utilise editing that cuts with the beat of
the song. For example, Miley Cyrus’ ‘We can’t stop,’ cuts to a
different shot every time we hear the bass beat. We developed this
further and used it in our music video at certain times, to convey
something that was emotionally charged, such as when our main
artist, Cheri is dancing in a white sheet with her lover, we cut every
time a piano chord is played. (The 4 screenshots above represent
around 4 seconds of the music video respectively.)

12. DIGIPAK

14. FONT
▸ The album cover on the left is from Madonna’s “you can dance.” The
font she uses conveys a girl-like quality, in that it is neatly cursive and
looking like it was handwritten. In this way, we used this idea, but
developed it to make it appear more feminine. We did this by making
the text more ‘girly’ through more decorative cursive, such as the
embellishments on the ‘C’ and ‘H,’ which are not on Madonna’s album
cover.

15. COLOURS
▸ In Taylor Swifts album, ‘Red,’ the main colour schemes on the digipak are
red and white. Similarly, on our digipak and music video, our main colour
scheme is the dramatic contrast between red and white. As you can see
on the left, the artist’s lips are red, the same as the title of the album. Her
name in contrast is in white, to make each title more memorable to the
audience. On ours, we had a red background, and a white centre. To make
it seem more visually appealing, we also included a red lipstick ‘kiss mark’
to add to the star image of our artist; in that she is attractive, welcoming
her fans and adores them just as much as they adore her.

16. LAYOUT
▸ Both of the album covers have placed their text in the bottom left
hand cover. We emulated Carly Rae Jepsen’s layout for her front over,
through placing out text in the same place, but we developed it
further through placing our artist on the same side, rather than on the
right, as we felt it would make the audience recognise and remember
the connection between the artists’ name and the artist herself.

17. LIGHTING
▸ In Demi Lovato’s ‘Remember December,’ she uses a white
light on a white infinity reel, to bring out her eyes, hair and
jewellery. Similarly, in our image, we use the same lighting, in
order to enhance the colours of our image, specifically the red
of her dress and lips, and to improve the sharpness of the
iPhones.

18. PICTURE
▸ In Ariana Grande’s album cover, she has opted to the current trend of pop stars, where she
showcases her whole body, rather than the traditional head or mid shot. We
CHALLENGED this convention by using a close up head shot of our artist, putting an
emphasis and focus on her facial features (lips and mouth) rather than her body, as is the
case in Ariana’s cover, which showcases her sleek limbs. We did this as a way of
‘surprising’ the audience in what they would traditionally expect, and to engage them to
what we think is more of an attractive feature of our artist: her blue eyes, symmetrical lips
and subtle nose. Also by showcasing her face more than anything, it adds to her star
image to make her appear like a goddess, as her face is a sufficient expression of her
beauty.

19. WEBSITE

25. OVERVIEW
▸ Our website was largely inspired using similar conventions from
existing pop websites.
▸ We included a homepage, gallery, tour and music page on our
website, in line with what typically appears on female pop websites.
▸ In addition to this, we placed a signup to our artist’s mailing list on the
homepage of our website, which would be the first thing the audience
would see when they opened the website. Typically on pop websites
they encourage you signing up to their mailing lists, but rather in the
corner of the webpage. In this way we developed this idea by making
it the first thing the audience sees, in order to encourage them further.

26. HOMEPAGE
▸ On our homepage, we challenged the conventions of typical pop star’s homepages. This
is because, typically, they use a single colour or a colour gradient as their background. On
our homepage, we use tiled GIFs of our artist as the background, to make it seem as if the
homepage was “Cheri-Central.” We did this as we felt our target audience would be more
engaged with a GIF of our artist, than just a solitary image.
▸ We also showed our music video on the homepage of our website, but showed it without
audio. This is because audio that plays by itself on webpages can be intrusive, and
annoying. In this way we developed the convention of having an artist’s music video on
the homepage, as it will play by itself, but without annoying the audience or potentially
embarrassing them with the audio. Instead, we give the audience the choice of choosing
to listen to the song themselves, by using the ‘hover’ feature, which turns the video into a
player for the song, where the audience can click on the play button to hear it.
▸ Our homepage contains the music video, information on the new album, tour dates and
social media links. This is using conventions of our genre, as almost all of the pop genre
home pages contain these.

27. COLOUR SCHEME
▸ Like the rest of our campaign, we relied heavily on using
the same colour scheme; cherry red and pure white. We
did this because we saw that other artists do similar things
with their campaigns, and so we USED this convention, as
it has been proven to be engaging and successful in the
pop genre. By using the same colour scheme on our
website, the audience will be able to create more
associations to the album itself (what we are trying to
promote).

28. TOUR DATES + GALLERY
▸ Through our research we saw that almost all female pop stars
advertised their tour dates on their website.
▸ In addition to this, they all typically had a gallery, with a range of
images of themselves, both professional and candid.
▸ In this way we used the conventions of similar pop stars.
However, we did develop the concept of the gallery further, by
including our artists “own images” pictures she has taken
herself, to make her seem more down-to-earth. In this way, we
developed the gallery convention, by making it more personal
to our artist, and showcase another ‘artistic’ side of herself.