IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
El documento clasifica diferentes tipos de productos comerciales. Menciona artículos baratos que requieren poco esfuerzo de compra, productos tangibles que los consumidores comparan por calidad, precio y estilo en varias tiendas, y aquellos con características únicas o de marca por los que los compradores harían un esfuerzo especial de compra. También describe productos cuya existencia no es conocida por los consumidores o que no desean comprar, así como equipos portátiles, herramientas, mantenimiento y servicios de repar
Este documento resume la religión griega y romana. La religión griega era politeísta, con muchos dioses antropomórficos organizados en un panteón olímpico. Los actos de culto griegos incluían sacrificios, procesiones, banquetes y adivinación. La religión romana se centraba en el deber y la disciplina hacia los dioses. Los romanos rendían culto a dioses del hogar y a divinidades mayores como Júpiter. También divinizaban a los emperadores fallecidos a través de
O documento discute as mudanças na mobilidade urbana ao longo dos anos, da era dos cavalos para a era dos carros, e as tendências futuras para a mobilidade conectada e autônoma. Apresenta os problemas causados pelo modelo atual centrado no carro e defende que a inovação sustentável deve envolver tecnologia, negócios e pessoas.
Este documento presenta las conclusiones de una jornada de debate sobre los caudales ecológicos en la cuenca hidrográfica del Tajo. Se discute la necesidad de establecer caudales ecológicos que respeten el medio ambiente sin perjudicar los derechos de los concesionarios de agua existentes. Se concluye que los caudales ecológicos deben determinarse a través de un proceso de planificación e información que considere tanto los impactos ambientales como económicos.
Las tres personas más ricas e influyentes del mundo son Bill Gates, fundador de Microsoft, con una fortuna de $50 mil millones; Warren Buffett, inversionista estadounidense, con $42 mil millones; y Carlos Slim, empresario mexicano, con $30 mil millones. Bill Gates alcanzó el éxito gracias a la creación de Microsoft y su software para PC. Warren Buffett se dedicó a inversiones exitosas en la bolsa de valores. Carlos Slim le debe su éxito principalmente al negocio de telecomunicaciones en México iniciado por su padre
Micro-Deco ofrece servicios de reforma, rehabilitación y decoración de viviendas e inmuebles, incluyendo albañilería, fontanería, electricidad, pintura y más. Proporcionan presupuestos para reformas integrales, de cocinas, baños, tejados y otras áreas. También compran casas para reformar.
El documento clasifica diferentes tipos de productos comerciales. Menciona artículos baratos que requieren poco esfuerzo de compra, productos tangibles que los consumidores comparan por calidad, precio y estilo en varias tiendas, y aquellos con características únicas o de marca por los que los compradores harían un esfuerzo especial de compra. También describe productos cuya existencia no es conocida por los consumidores o que no desean comprar, así como equipos portátiles, herramientas, mantenimiento y servicios de repar
Este documento resume la religión griega y romana. La religión griega era politeísta, con muchos dioses antropomórficos organizados en un panteón olímpico. Los actos de culto griegos incluían sacrificios, procesiones, banquetes y adivinación. La religión romana se centraba en el deber y la disciplina hacia los dioses. Los romanos rendían culto a dioses del hogar y a divinidades mayores como Júpiter. También divinizaban a los emperadores fallecidos a través de
O documento discute as mudanças na mobilidade urbana ao longo dos anos, da era dos cavalos para a era dos carros, e as tendências futuras para a mobilidade conectada e autônoma. Apresenta os problemas causados pelo modelo atual centrado no carro e defende que a inovação sustentável deve envolver tecnologia, negócios e pessoas.
Este documento presenta las conclusiones de una jornada de debate sobre los caudales ecológicos en la cuenca hidrográfica del Tajo. Se discute la necesidad de establecer caudales ecológicos que respeten el medio ambiente sin perjudicar los derechos de los concesionarios de agua existentes. Se concluye que los caudales ecológicos deben determinarse a través de un proceso de planificación e información que considere tanto los impactos ambientales como económicos.
Las tres personas más ricas e influyentes del mundo son Bill Gates, fundador de Microsoft, con una fortuna de $50 mil millones; Warren Buffett, inversionista estadounidense, con $42 mil millones; y Carlos Slim, empresario mexicano, con $30 mil millones. Bill Gates alcanzó el éxito gracias a la creación de Microsoft y su software para PC. Warren Buffett se dedicó a inversiones exitosas en la bolsa de valores. Carlos Slim le debe su éxito principalmente al negocio de telecomunicaciones en México iniciado por su padre
Micro-Deco ofrece servicios de reforma, rehabilitación y decoración de viviendas e inmuebles, incluyendo albañilería, fontanería, electricidad, pintura y más. Proporcionan presupuestos para reformas integrales, de cocinas, baños, tejados y otras áreas. También compran casas para reformar.
This document summarizes an update to the African Water Resource Database (AWRD). The AWRD is an expansion and enhancement of an earlier Southern African Development Community Water Resource Database. It includes 156 datasets across 28 thematic layers covering the entire African continent. New custom tools have been added to the AWRD to allow users to display, analyze, and integrate the spatial data within a geographic information system. The tools and data aim to facilitate responsible management of inland aquatic resources and promote food security in Africa.
AfriAlliance overview (Water Europe Project)Water Europe
The main objective of AfriAlliance is for African and European stakeholders to work together in the areas of water and climate innovation, research, policy and capacity development in order to enhance the preparedness of Africa for climate change challenges.
Session Governance - Building an institutional rwh environment - a schoemaker...IRC
1. The document discusses building an institutional framework for rainwater harvesting (RWH) through the RAIN model.
2. It outlines the required capacities and stakeholders at different levels, from users to suppliers to knowledge institutions, to successfully scale up RWH.
3. The RAIN model proposes a framework with a national coordination body, district implementing organizations, and local RWH centers to develop capacities, integrate RWH into policies and plans, and ensure sustainability.
Academia session WASH OP: Ricard Gine, UPC, 16th January UN Water Zaragoza Co...water-decade
This document discusses academia's contribution to implementing the UN Sustainable Development Goals related to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). It outlines the key issues to be addressed, including hygiene, inequalities, service levels, sustainability, and areas beyond households. The main sections discuss financing, research, capacity development, technology, sustainability, institutional frameworks, and monitoring/evaluation. Case studies from locations like Uganda, Dar es Salaam, Mali, and Kenya illustrate how academia can help address challenges through appropriate technologies, knowledge transfer, and tools to support local decision-making.
The document summarizes discussions from a workshop on regional solutions for integrated land and water management. It outlines approaches taken in different parts of the world, including reusing treated wastewater in Peru to improve food security, and linking water and food security research in South Africa. Key lessons highlighted integrating stakeholders early in project design, ensuring research has a communications strategy to facilitate uptake, and the need for GWP to focus on capacity building to translate research into practical solutions and scale up impacts on water and food security globally.
Water Secure Africa (WASA) - Harnessing Big Data to improve Water Management. Presented by IWMI's Timothy Williams (Director, Africa) at the 7th Africa Water Week, on October 30, 2018.
Claire Davis: Bridging the gap: experiences of communicating climate informat...AfricaAdapt
This document discusses challenges in communicating climate information between producers and end-users in southern Africa and strategies to address them. It provides two examples of using boundary organizations or professional science communicators to bridge gaps: a group that facilitated seasonal forecasts for humanitarian groups, and a risk atlas project in South Africa that engaged stakeholders to develop climate projections and adaptation responses tailored to sectors and regions. Both cases improved climate incorporation in planning and allowed scientists to better target research based on user needs.
Nile Basin Development Challenge: Rainwater Management SystemsILRI
The document discusses the Nile Basin Development Challenge (NBDC) which aims to improve rainwater management systems in the Ethiopian highlands. It notes the significant potential of the Blue Nile Basin but current underutilization due to lack of knowledge, technologies, and complex transboundary issues. The NBDC will focus on increasing rainwater productivity through innovations, addressing poverty and degradation, and building institutional capacity. It will involve partnerships across different organizations and scales to identify best practices, target interventions, and ensure research is linked to development goals.
Sustainable Management of the Nexus in Transboundary Systems DAFNE project
The presentation took place at the Resource Nexus Policy & Cluster Workshop on 27th November 2018 in Brussels that was organized by DAFNE, SIM4NEXUS and MAGIC at EASME premises. Read more about the workshop here: https://dafne.ethz.ch/2018/12/11/resource-nexus-policy-cluster-workshop-27th-november-brussels/
Proceedings of a Workshop on Hydraulic Ram Pump Technology - International De...Fifi62z
This document provides an overview of hydraulic ram pump (hydram) technology. It begins with a brief introduction of hydrams as a renewable energy technology for rural water supply. The operating principles of hydrams are then outlined, noting that they use the sudden stoppage of flowing water in a pipe to create a high pressure surge. A short history of hydram development and current usage is presented. The main operating characteristics of hydrams are described. The document concludes by mentioning present and future research on hydram technology.
This document summarizes a paper examining institutional and human resource capacity for research, development, and technology transfer in agricultural drainage in Egypt. It finds that capacity building is needed to strengthen technical, managerial, and institutional knowledge related to drainage. Specifically, building human, scientific, technological, organizational, and institutional capabilities will help Egypt better evaluate policy options and development models to support sustainable drainage. The paper is included in a report on capacity building needs for drainage in North Africa, identifying the region's urgent need for investment in drainage research and training.
Web Based Tool for Managing Paddy Irrigation Water User Groupijtsrd
"In many countries, the Internet has become an element in people’s daily life, offering new possibilities for information access and sharing. In this new technological and information age, water is becoming a source of conflict between domestic, industrial and agricultural use. Web Based Tool is a platform allowing for a public participation in helping decision making processes during conflicting situations, especially in cases involving many stakeholders. A 3 – tier architecture framework was carefully studied and was implemented to create the Web based model. This model is an Internet Based Model that is created to benefit the users in the water management sectors in order to make timely decisions to develop the water user group’s inline with the tertiary canal. This system has been successfully developed to estimate the water productivity index and pH of soil on a micro scale based on the tertiary canal water user groups with the plot numbers alongside to allocate water without wastage. This system has the ability to provide access to those users with password who has the technical capabilities to connect to the Internet, hence bridging the digital divide between rural and urban communities. Deepak T. J. | Chong S. F. | Lim S. P. ""Web Based Tool for Managing Paddy Irrigation Water User Group"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Information Technology , November 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19112.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/water-resource-engineering/19112/web-based-tool-for-managing-paddy-irrigation-water-user-group/deepak-t-j"
This document proposes a stepwise approach to conducting a water-energy-food nexus assessment. The assessment aims to understand interactions between water, energy and food systems in a given context and evaluate the performance of interventions. The assessment involves analyzing the current context, applying specific tools to quantify impacts, and assessing interventions' resource use efficiency and productivity versus context status. Key stakeholders should be engaged throughout to build consensus on strategic issues across sectors and scales. The assessment helps inform nexus-related strategies, policies, planning and institutional responses.
The document proposes the Farmers' Integration Platform as a Service (FIPaaS) project, which aims to integrate existing technologies for precision and sustainable farming into a single, open-source, cloud-based solution to improve farmers' livelihoods. The project is funded by the EU-Egypt PRIMA initiative and involves partners from several Mediterranean countries. It will develop tools for satellite imaging, drone data collection, smart irrigation, and other functions. The project expects to reduce water usage, increase crop yields, and disseminate technologies to farmers through its unified platform.
This newsletter provides updates on the DAFNE project which investigates sustainable management of water, energy, and food in transboundary river basins in Africa. It discusses:
1) DAFNE celebrating its first birthday and holding its first General Assembly meeting to review progress and plan future activities.
2) The first Negotiation Simulation Lab workshop held in Zambia with stakeholders from the water, energy, and food sectors to discuss issues and potential solutions in the Zambezi basin.
3) Efforts to compile data from various sources to model the water-energy-food nexus in the two case study basins of the Zambezi and Omo-Gibe/Lake Tur
DAFNE case study on the Zambezi river basinDAFNE project
1) The document describes the DAFNE project, which aims to develop a decision-analytic framework to explore the water-energy-food nexus in the Zambezi River Basin.
2) The framework will analyze and quantify trade-offs between sectors like hydropower production, irrigation, and conservation under different scenarios.
3) It will use integrated modeling of natural and socioeconomic factors, as well as stakeholder engagement, to identify and evaluate alternative development pathways for the basin.
This document discusses data and knowledge management for water resource management in Kenya. It notes that obtaining diverse data from various sources is important for effective water management but there are currently gaps. Water managers in Kenya cite limitations such as poor quality data, limited data sharing between institutions, and lack of technological capacity. The document discusses some recent efforts in Kenya to address these issues, including a workshop on using GIS and mobile applications to improve data collection and a mapping project in Kajiado County. It provides updates on upcoming events and publications related to water management.
ICT water cluster meeting - FP7 - ISS-EWATUSEwa Magiera
This document summarizes the afternoon session of the annual cluster meeting for the ISS-EWATUS project. It discusses the project's dissemination plans and results, including establishing frameworks for dissemination, maintaining a project web portal, preparing dissemination materials and events, and supervising dissemination activities. It also outlines exploitation plans and results, such as investigating relevant market segments and setting deployment scenarios. Finally, it discusses collaborating with other EU projects through information exchange and common events, as well as participating in the European Innovation Partnership on Water.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
This document summarizes an update to the African Water Resource Database (AWRD). The AWRD is an expansion and enhancement of an earlier Southern African Development Community Water Resource Database. It includes 156 datasets across 28 thematic layers covering the entire African continent. New custom tools have been added to the AWRD to allow users to display, analyze, and integrate the spatial data within a geographic information system. The tools and data aim to facilitate responsible management of inland aquatic resources and promote food security in Africa.
AfriAlliance overview (Water Europe Project)Water Europe
The main objective of AfriAlliance is for African and European stakeholders to work together in the areas of water and climate innovation, research, policy and capacity development in order to enhance the preparedness of Africa for climate change challenges.
Session Governance - Building an institutional rwh environment - a schoemaker...IRC
1. The document discusses building an institutional framework for rainwater harvesting (RWH) through the RAIN model.
2. It outlines the required capacities and stakeholders at different levels, from users to suppliers to knowledge institutions, to successfully scale up RWH.
3. The RAIN model proposes a framework with a national coordination body, district implementing organizations, and local RWH centers to develop capacities, integrate RWH into policies and plans, and ensure sustainability.
Academia session WASH OP: Ricard Gine, UPC, 16th January UN Water Zaragoza Co...water-decade
This document discusses academia's contribution to implementing the UN Sustainable Development Goals related to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). It outlines the key issues to be addressed, including hygiene, inequalities, service levels, sustainability, and areas beyond households. The main sections discuss financing, research, capacity development, technology, sustainability, institutional frameworks, and monitoring/evaluation. Case studies from locations like Uganda, Dar es Salaam, Mali, and Kenya illustrate how academia can help address challenges through appropriate technologies, knowledge transfer, and tools to support local decision-making.
The document summarizes discussions from a workshop on regional solutions for integrated land and water management. It outlines approaches taken in different parts of the world, including reusing treated wastewater in Peru to improve food security, and linking water and food security research in South Africa. Key lessons highlighted integrating stakeholders early in project design, ensuring research has a communications strategy to facilitate uptake, and the need for GWP to focus on capacity building to translate research into practical solutions and scale up impacts on water and food security globally.
Water Secure Africa (WASA) - Harnessing Big Data to improve Water Management. Presented by IWMI's Timothy Williams (Director, Africa) at the 7th Africa Water Week, on October 30, 2018.
Claire Davis: Bridging the gap: experiences of communicating climate informat...AfricaAdapt
This document discusses challenges in communicating climate information between producers and end-users in southern Africa and strategies to address them. It provides two examples of using boundary organizations or professional science communicators to bridge gaps: a group that facilitated seasonal forecasts for humanitarian groups, and a risk atlas project in South Africa that engaged stakeholders to develop climate projections and adaptation responses tailored to sectors and regions. Both cases improved climate incorporation in planning and allowed scientists to better target research based on user needs.
Nile Basin Development Challenge: Rainwater Management SystemsILRI
The document discusses the Nile Basin Development Challenge (NBDC) which aims to improve rainwater management systems in the Ethiopian highlands. It notes the significant potential of the Blue Nile Basin but current underutilization due to lack of knowledge, technologies, and complex transboundary issues. The NBDC will focus on increasing rainwater productivity through innovations, addressing poverty and degradation, and building institutional capacity. It will involve partnerships across different organizations and scales to identify best practices, target interventions, and ensure research is linked to development goals.
Sustainable Management of the Nexus in Transboundary Systems DAFNE project
The presentation took place at the Resource Nexus Policy & Cluster Workshop on 27th November 2018 in Brussels that was organized by DAFNE, SIM4NEXUS and MAGIC at EASME premises. Read more about the workshop here: https://dafne.ethz.ch/2018/12/11/resource-nexus-policy-cluster-workshop-27th-november-brussels/
Proceedings of a Workshop on Hydraulic Ram Pump Technology - International De...Fifi62z
This document provides an overview of hydraulic ram pump (hydram) technology. It begins with a brief introduction of hydrams as a renewable energy technology for rural water supply. The operating principles of hydrams are then outlined, noting that they use the sudden stoppage of flowing water in a pipe to create a high pressure surge. A short history of hydram development and current usage is presented. The main operating characteristics of hydrams are described. The document concludes by mentioning present and future research on hydram technology.
This document summarizes a paper examining institutional and human resource capacity for research, development, and technology transfer in agricultural drainage in Egypt. It finds that capacity building is needed to strengthen technical, managerial, and institutional knowledge related to drainage. Specifically, building human, scientific, technological, organizational, and institutional capabilities will help Egypt better evaluate policy options and development models to support sustainable drainage. The paper is included in a report on capacity building needs for drainage in North Africa, identifying the region's urgent need for investment in drainage research and training.
Web Based Tool for Managing Paddy Irrigation Water User Groupijtsrd
"In many countries, the Internet has become an element in people’s daily life, offering new possibilities for information access and sharing. In this new technological and information age, water is becoming a source of conflict between domestic, industrial and agricultural use. Web Based Tool is a platform allowing for a public participation in helping decision making processes during conflicting situations, especially in cases involving many stakeholders. A 3 – tier architecture framework was carefully studied and was implemented to create the Web based model. This model is an Internet Based Model that is created to benefit the users in the water management sectors in order to make timely decisions to develop the water user group’s inline with the tertiary canal. This system has been successfully developed to estimate the water productivity index and pH of soil on a micro scale based on the tertiary canal water user groups with the plot numbers alongside to allocate water without wastage. This system has the ability to provide access to those users with password who has the technical capabilities to connect to the Internet, hence bridging the digital divide between rural and urban communities. Deepak T. J. | Chong S. F. | Lim S. P. ""Web Based Tool for Managing Paddy Irrigation Water User Group"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Information Technology , November 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19112.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/water-resource-engineering/19112/web-based-tool-for-managing-paddy-irrigation-water-user-group/deepak-t-j"
This document proposes a stepwise approach to conducting a water-energy-food nexus assessment. The assessment aims to understand interactions between water, energy and food systems in a given context and evaluate the performance of interventions. The assessment involves analyzing the current context, applying specific tools to quantify impacts, and assessing interventions' resource use efficiency and productivity versus context status. Key stakeholders should be engaged throughout to build consensus on strategic issues across sectors and scales. The assessment helps inform nexus-related strategies, policies, planning and institutional responses.
The document proposes the Farmers' Integration Platform as a Service (FIPaaS) project, which aims to integrate existing technologies for precision and sustainable farming into a single, open-source, cloud-based solution to improve farmers' livelihoods. The project is funded by the EU-Egypt PRIMA initiative and involves partners from several Mediterranean countries. It will develop tools for satellite imaging, drone data collection, smart irrigation, and other functions. The project expects to reduce water usage, increase crop yields, and disseminate technologies to farmers through its unified platform.
This newsletter provides updates on the DAFNE project which investigates sustainable management of water, energy, and food in transboundary river basins in Africa. It discusses:
1) DAFNE celebrating its first birthday and holding its first General Assembly meeting to review progress and plan future activities.
2) The first Negotiation Simulation Lab workshop held in Zambia with stakeholders from the water, energy, and food sectors to discuss issues and potential solutions in the Zambezi basin.
3) Efforts to compile data from various sources to model the water-energy-food nexus in the two case study basins of the Zambezi and Omo-Gibe/Lake Tur
DAFNE case study on the Zambezi river basinDAFNE project
1) The document describes the DAFNE project, which aims to develop a decision-analytic framework to explore the water-energy-food nexus in the Zambezi River Basin.
2) The framework will analyze and quantify trade-offs between sectors like hydropower production, irrigation, and conservation under different scenarios.
3) It will use integrated modeling of natural and socioeconomic factors, as well as stakeholder engagement, to identify and evaluate alternative development pathways for the basin.
This document discusses data and knowledge management for water resource management in Kenya. It notes that obtaining diverse data from various sources is important for effective water management but there are currently gaps. Water managers in Kenya cite limitations such as poor quality data, limited data sharing between institutions, and lack of technological capacity. The document discusses some recent efforts in Kenya to address these issues, including a workshop on using GIS and mobile applications to improve data collection and a mapping project in Kajiado County. It provides updates on upcoming events and publications related to water management.
ICT water cluster meeting - FP7 - ISS-EWATUSEwa Magiera
This document summarizes the afternoon session of the annual cluster meeting for the ISS-EWATUS project. It discusses the project's dissemination plans and results, including establishing frameworks for dissemination, maintaining a project web portal, preparing dissemination materials and events, and supervising dissemination activities. It also outlines exploitation plans and results, such as investigating relevant market segments and setting deployment scenarios. Finally, it discusses collaborating with other EU projects through information exchange and common events, as well as participating in the European Innovation Partnership on Water.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...alexjohnson7307
Predictive maintenance is a proactive approach that anticipates equipment failures before they happen. At the forefront of this innovative strategy is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which brings unprecedented precision and efficiency. AI in predictive maintenance is transforming industries by reducing downtime, minimizing costs, and enhancing productivity.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their MainframePrecisely
Inconsistent user experience and siloed data, high costs, and changing customer expectations – Citizens Bank was experiencing these challenges while it was attempting to deliver a superior digital banking experience for its clients. Its core banking applications run on the mainframe and Citizens was using legacy utilities to get the critical mainframe data to feed customer-facing channels, like call centers, web, and mobile. Ultimately, this led to higher operating costs (MIPS), delayed response times, and longer time to market.
Ever-changing customer expectations demand more modern digital experiences, and the bank needed to find a solution that could provide real-time data to its customer channels with low latency and operating costs. Join this session to learn how Citizens is leveraging Precisely to replicate mainframe data to its customer channels and deliver on their “modern digital bank” experiences.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
FREE A4 Cyber Security Awareness Posters-Social Engineering part 3Data Hops
Free A4 downloadable and printable Cyber Security, Social Engineering Safety and security Training Posters . Promote security awareness in the home or workplace. Lock them Out From training providers datahops.com
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAU
Ev31986991
1. Amos Tiereyangn Kabo-bah, Donald T. Rwasoka, Josephine Osei-kwarteng/ International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 1, January -February 2013, pp.986-991
THE RELEVANCE OF OPEN SOURCE TOOLS FOR ENHANCING
WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN AFRICA
Amos Tiereyangn Kabo-bah1,2*, Donald T. Rwasoka3, Josephine Osei-kwarteng1
1
College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China:
2
Green WaterHut, P. O. Box UP 913, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
3
Upper Manyame Subcatchment Council, Box 1892, Harare, Zimbabwe
ABSTRACT some cases, impossible to manage these resources
Open Source tools have received tremendous effectively. Necessary tools needed to support decision
growth in the past decade. The development of making, database management, modelling and forecasting
applications in hydroinformatics, as in software of the related issues in water resources management
applications, is important for effective water resources involves the use of software, frameworks and
management. However, these developed software applications. These tools are important in providing a
applications are sometimes too expensive for feasible more efficient approach to addressing the challenges of
use by hydrologists, engineers and researchers in data collation, analysis and building of scenarios for
Africa who may not have enough financial resources addressing water related issues in Africa.
to purchase them. The open source movement has
created room for water practitioners and researchers The software and applications tools that exist to support
to use and apply modelling, assessment and analysis water resources management mostly come in the form of
tools for effective management, monitoring and commercial packages in this modern era. A good number
modelling of water resources. The availability of these of African countries are predominantly facing socio-
important and necessary open source tools for water economic issues such as poverty and inadequate water
resources management and development, applicable to supply. The advent of the open source tools in the past
Africa, remains unknown. Also, the relevance, the decade has created a promising window of opportunity for
categories and the available open source tools that most countries in Africa to be able to acquire affordable
could better improve water resources management in and adaptable open source software packages and
Africa is not well documented. Currently, it seems not applications to support monitoring, planning and
even one document exists where one can easily find management of water resources. In addition, it is worth
this. Therefore, this paper attempts to address this noting that, internet services for most African countries
issue and to close this gap by examining and have improved steadily. A survey revealed that the growth
documenting available open source tools that could of mobile penetration in Africa increased from 1% to 31%
improve water resources planning, monitoring and between 2000 and 2008 [1]. Since, these new open
management Africa. The paper presents a case of the source tools can easily be downloaded via many
estimation of evapotranspiration using a free source electronic devices, it further provides chances for
tool – ILWIS Open. In general, this paper anticipates ensuring that knowledge sharing and technology transfer,
contribution towards the importance of knowledge as in the use of open source applications for water
sharing and collaboration in research, and resources management, can further be enhanced and
development in Africa. promoted. Also, the field of hydroinformatics, which is a
special area that deals with the development of
applications for hydrology, and general water resources
KEY WORDS modelling and management in Africa, can be boosted with
Hydroinformatics, knowledge sharing, free and open the use of such open source applications. This is because,
source software, water management open source applications have the capability to be
modified and adapted to suit different conditions.
1. INTRODUCTION
The 21st century has seen the growth of information Open source applications for water resources have been in
technology in all spheres of our lives. Science and use in the developed world but however, these
technology has advanced so fast in the past decade and, as developments are scattered and sometimes difficult to
a result, has also changed the manner in which we need to track all these valuable applications. Also, there is
look at the management of water resources in general. competition now between commercial and open source
Africa is enriched with huge water resources, but the lack applications for water management and, the commercial
of the requisite tools usually makes this difficult and, in companies have more popularity and acceptability among
986 | P a g e
2. Amos Tiereyangn Kabo-bah, Donald T. Rwasoka, Josephine Osei-kwarteng/ International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 1, January -February 2013, pp.986-991
users to a large extent. As a result, it seems commercial together identify problems and fix them in a shorter time.
packages seem to be the best, hence causing some The voluntary users are usually scientific experts in the
scholars to frown at open source tools. Notwithstanding, field.
there is various research work done with open source
applications which underscores that, truly this new A research by Tuomi [2] showed that the interest, rapid
direction in the development of software and applications growth and growing acceptance of open source
for research in water resources management offers better applications may be due to the following factors: (1) no
chances for a more sustainable approach to water issues in licensing fees, (2) open source applications appears to be
the coming decades. Most developed countries have seen better than commercial software due to the multiple
the relevance of open source applications to support voluntary contributions, (3) availability of source code
knowledge sharing, enhance research and improve and the possibility to modify it according to one’s needs,
developed software and applications faster than the (4) room for integration of innovative ideas compared to
restrictive commercial packages. This is partly because commercial packages and checking the reliability and
commercial packages do not readily offer the free will of functionally of source code. Simply, this has facilitated
the general public to access the source code of the entry of open source applications to many parts of the
applications and hence, not offering the opportunity for world as a result of some of these benefits. Abdool [5]
modifications to suit the coded methodologies in line with summarises these as the fact that open source applications
recently published science. This makes open source are cost efficient, flexible and stable. Existing challenges
software and applications, a growing plus for success in of commercial software to allow for effective technology
most regions in Africa. Therefore, this paper documents transfer to developing countries like those in Africa
some of the open source applications and software usually include [e.g. 6]: (1) developers of commercial
relevant for water resources management in Africa. The software and applications do not reveal valuable
paper also enumerates some of the key areas these information of packages without incentives, and (2)
packages may be able to support water resources technology holders are interested more in the cost
modelling, monitoring, analysis and management. recovery of inventions rather than the value of
contributions by the developed application. Thus
2. OVERVIEW OF OPEN SOURCE TOOLS & intellectual property rights can inhibit knowledge transfer.
DEVELOPMENT However, with open source software and applications,
Open source is a paradigm shift in software and users are not restricted to these challenges and hence can
application development whereby people are organised easily use, distribute and modify applications for their
and mobilised to work jointly on voluntary basis to specific needs without any challenges. So to a large
produce complex integrated systems for providing extent, open source applications and software are robust
solutions to the corporate and technological world [2]. regardless of the fact that they are based on voluntary
The ability of people to cooperate, share and develop contributions [7].
applications together result in faster production of such
systems. Also, because open source movements are on This makes open applications and software an effective
voluntarily basis, it implies persons involved are truly tool to support monitoring, modelling and management
motivated to contribute their skills, knowledge, talent and for Africa’s resource managers and planners if adopted in
time to ensure that the goal of developing an application the proper way. It must be emphasised that, most
in question is achieved. authorities and stakeholders working in water resources
management in Africa already have requisite machinery
Open source applications to a large extent undermine the to support these applications. For instance, wide use of
fundamental economic concepts and law of; property computers and recent internet accessibility shows that, the
rights, labour, reduction of labour costs and the regulation adoption of open source tools for water resources
and management of middle-men in product sales and management might be easier than a decade ago. In this
delivery. Therefore, the growing success of open source case, instead of organisations to spend huge sums of
applications and software is as a result of the mix of out- money to buy proprietary packages for water resources
of-box integration of property rights around distribution modelling and management, a meagre portion of such
and sharing, and combining the enormous benefits of financial resources can be used for building the capacities
human zealous nature and motivation beyond the norms of users in this category. Consequently, a higher returns
of salary and labour concepts for work done [3]. can be realised with water resources managers,
Notwithstanding, this out-of-box initiative in open source researchers and experts trained with skills in the use of
applications has grown to become equally of good quality such applications. Another important thing worth
compared to commercial packages [4]. Part of the reason mentioning is that, open source applications have user
for open source applications is that, they are constantly forums that ensure that other users can assist in trouble
peer reviewed by a wide variety of voluntary users who shooting and cross-moderation of the suggested solutions.
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3. Amos Tiereyangn Kabo-bah, Donald T. Rwasoka, Josephine Osei-kwarteng/ International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 1, January -February 2013, pp.986-991
In addition, open source applications and software are dotagwa GIS based web- http://sourceforge. OS &
very different from proprietary software. Hence, a user interface watershed net/projects/dotag Free
delineation and wa/
who has been using commercial applications can easily parameterization
switch to open source software with greater ease and OpenGMF Ground Water http://sourceforge. OS &
flexibility. Further, the role of hydroinformatics in Africa Modelling support net/projects/open- Free
can be enhanced by the examination of open source tools for hydrogeologists gmf/
and reservoir
for hydrological modelling and scoping for the engineers.
development of packages that are more relevant and
useful to the African climatic and weather situation. BlueModel River basin http://www.bluem OS &
management odel.org/ Free
3. APPLICATIONS FOR WATER SWRC Fit Soil hydraulic http://swrcfit.sourc OS &
RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN AFRICA modelling eforge.net/ Free
Two popular websites that usually host open and free
source software are SourceForge.net and GRASS GIS modelling, http://grass.fbk.eu/ OS &
watershed Free
http://www.freshmeat.net/. Browsing through these and delineation and
other webpages reveals a lot of applications and shows hydrological
records of thousands of downloads per month by users. analysis
Most packages can be used on both Windows and Linux QGIS GIS modelling http://www.qgis.or OS &
g/ Free
operating systems. It is worth mentioning that Linux is a ILWIS Open GIS and remote http://52north.org/ OS &
free and open source operating window system. sensing modelling, communities/ilwis Free
watershed /
Table 1: List of open source tools for water resources delineation and
hydrological
management analysis,
evaporation
Software/ Area of Website Open GEONETCAST
Application Application in Source toolbox for data
water resources (OS)/Free retrieval and
management visualisation
Open Hydrologic http://openhydrolo OS & EPANET Water distribution, http://www.epa.go OS &
Hydrology Processes gy.org/about Free supply and water v/nrmrl/wswrd/dw Free
Modelling quality management /epanet.html
MAP- GIS modelling, http://www.mapwi OS &
Kalypso GIS based http://sourceforge. OS & WINDOW watershed ndow.org Free
application for net/projects/kalyps Free delineation and
hydrologica and o/ hydrological
hydraulic modelling analysis,
PIHM Model Semi-distribted http://www.pihm.p OS & HydroDesktop for
hydrologic model su.edu/ Free data discovery,
CUAHSI It handles http://sourceforge. OS & download,
openHIS infrastructure and net/projects/open- Free visualization,
services for the his/ editing, and
advancement of integration with
hydrologic science other modelling
and education tools. Includes Soil
Hydrologic Rainfall-runoff http://sourceforge. OS & Water Assessment
Analysis and modelling of net/projects/hamto Free Tool (SWAT)
Modelling catchments olbox/ interface for water
Toolbox resources
management
Non-Point Web-based http://sourceforge. OS & [http://swatmodel.ta
Source modelling tool for net/projects/npsou Free mu.edu/].
Model online non-point rce/ HEC Series Free software http://www.hec.us Free
Development pollution, available for ace.army.mil/soft
Tool hydrology, and hydraulic and ware/
water supply hydrologic
planning modelling. These
OpenFLUID Modelling of land http://www.umr- OS & include RAS, HMS,
fluxes as in lisah.fr/openfluid/ Free Geo-HMs,
hydrology, pollutant GeoRAS, Res-Sim,
a HEC-SSP, EFA and
LARSIM Runoff Simulation http://larsim.sourc OS & DSSvue.
Model eforge.net/larsim.d Free Tool for integrated http://www.weap2 Free
e.php WEAP/WEA water resources 1.org/
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4. Amos Tiereyangn Kabo-bah, Donald T. Rwasoka, Josephine Osei-kwarteng/ International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 1, January -February 2013, pp.986-991
P21 assessment and environmental and socio-economic of a particular African
planning region.
SWMM & Rainfall – runoff http://www.epa.go Free
modelling for urban v/athens/wwqtsc/h
areas tml/swmm.html It is also good to add that, most of these open source
applications are also like templates for revising other
XPSWMM Dynamic modelling http://www.xpsoft Free specific needs such as building scenarios and forecasting,
of storm water, ware.com/products
sanitary and river /xpswmm/
and also have the possibility of integrating other socio-
systems economic datasets into such applications (e.g. Kalypso.
ARCSWAT ArcSWAT is an http://swatmodel.t Free Hydrologic analysis and modelling toolbox and ILWIS
& SWAT ArcGIS extension amu.edu/software/ Open). Good research implies the appropriate use of the
for SWAT user arcswat/
interface
applications and software that can improve the reliability,
accuracy and efficiency of the research. This means that
The table 1 is not an exhaustive list. This is because it is in African countries where governments and research
imperatively difficult to track all the open source authorities find it hard to fund specific water resources
applications being developed worldwide. However, the research due to sometimes high costs of software and
use of applications in this list, promises to provide applications needs, use could be made of these open
appropriate tools for modelling purposes in water source applications.
resources modelling and management in Africa.
Therefore, whether it is catchment based management CASE EXAMPLE: SURFACE ENERGY BALANCE
models needed or GIS based support modelling, there are SYSTEM (SEBS) IN ILWIS OPEN FOR THE
open source tools readily available for download to ESTIMATION OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
support such work. An important aspect of these open The SEBS model developed by [8] to estimate surface
source applications is that, the source code is readily heat fluxes temporally and spatially, has been integrated
available so that researchers and students in into the ILWIS Open as a plug in. The SEBS model
hydroinformatics for instance, can have a chance to a allows the use of satellite derived parameters such as land
Students
Global Open Home Grown Open
Source Movement Source Initiative and
Researchers
Applications Applications
Teaching,
Learning and
Training
Scholars
General
Public
Online
Institutions of Higher
Users
Learning
Forum
Figure 1. Adopting open source software and applications for water resources management in Africa
critical examination of the code structure, relevance and surface temperature, Normalised Differential Vegetation
possible adaptability to other sources. It is worth Index (NDVI) and the meteorological station data to
mentioning here that, knowing how an application or estimate the various surface heat fluxes. In this case
software is written is ten times an advantage to adapting it example, the SEBS model was run for a bigger extent of
to your specific needs. In this way, open source Zimbabwe to assess and visualise for the actual daily
applications support technology transfer to users who are evapotranspiration variation from the 13-15 June 2009
not smart programmers to put such software together. (measurements in mm). For more details about how to
Hence, the open source applications, as shown in the derive the various land surface fluxes for use in this SEBS
table, can easily be tailored to satisfy specific model, please refer to [9].
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5. Amos Tiereyangn Kabo-bah, Donald T. Rwasoka, Josephine Osei-kwarteng/ International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 1, January -February 2013, pp.986-991
undertaken in universities, polytechnics and related
research institutions. This implies that the need and
demand for the use of open source software and related
applications in water resources management is there and
high in institutions of higher learning. This also means
that, the researchers and professionals with the ability to
adapt, modify and with the requisite skills to understand
the building structures behind these open source
applications are also likely to be mostly found in
institutions of higher learning. It is also very likely that
this situation may vary in few advanced African countries.
For the purposes of this paper, we consider institution of
higher learning (IHR) to mean universities, research
institutions, polytechnics and tailored programmes offered
by both national and international non-governmental
organisations (NGOs). IHR can promote the adoption and
use of open source applications specifically for water
resources modelling and management. Furthermore, the
IHR and volunteer groups of interest for specific adapted
software and applications in Africa should form forums to
discuss best ways of improving such programs especially
for providing specific needs for the Africa region. These
groups should also collaborate with the founding
developers of the program so that there is dialogue and
constant sharing of new developments and possible
upgrades of programmes. It is envisaged that, as more
IHR adopt and use such open source applications in their
research and training programmes, forming networks for
the Africa region, and forums for resolving water related
problems in Africa can be addressed.
The fact that, internet is becoming faster in Africa and
available through phones and mobile phones, can truly
improve the communication and sharing of ideas to
improve the use of these adopted open source applications
for water management. It is very likely that, the smart
brains in the IHR could be able to develop more
appropriate context specific applications that integrate the
African operating environment. This is very possible
because students and researchers in IHR can better use
such applications and software to support their reporting
works, projects and thesis work.
Though, there are wide patches in the results; it
demonstrates a spatial estimation of ET over the large In terms of readiness of Africa to adopt open source
northern part of Zimbabwe and hence allows for a holistic applications, we believe that all necessary infrastructures
water resources planning and management in this part of to support this new system is available in the African
Zimbabwe. This is just one example of how open source region. Also, the use of open source applications can
tools can be used for water resources management. Most reduce the technological problems usually encountered in
of the open source tools mentioned can be used to derive using commercial applications during water resource
many relevant applications for water resources management. Take for instance, if one’s licensing key is
management. lost and project management do not have the requisite
extra budget to pay for new licensing key. It implies, the
4. FRAMEWORK FOR ADOPTION OF OPEN earlier work done before cannot be retrieved or continued.
SOURCE TOOLS FOR WRM IN AFRICA In this case, this can be a setback to research work and the
The study of hydro-informatics and related general management of water resources management
courses in water resources management is usually projects. Another remarkable change would be the
990 | P a g e
6. Amos Tiereyangn Kabo-bah, Donald T. Rwasoka, Josephine Osei-kwarteng/ International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 1, January -February 2013, pp.986-991
opportunity of students and amateur researchers in most 8. Su, Z., The Surface Energy Balance System(SEBS) for
African countries to have hands-on practice in learning to estimation of turbulent heat fluxes. Hydrology and
use software and applications employing the state-of-the- Earth System Sciences, 2002. 6(1): p. 85-99.
art science and techniques at ‘no cost’. This would avoid 9. Kabo-bah, A.T., C.E. Madamombe, and D.T.
Rwasoka, Estimation of hyper-temporal
the issue of learning theories without practical hands on evapotranspiration over the middle-zambezi using the
the software in IHR. GEONETCAST toolbox and SEBS. , in 12th
WaterNet/WARFSA/GWP-SA Symposium, 26-28
October 2011. 2011: Maputo, Mozambique.
5. CONCLUSION
Open source software and applications have
tremendous potential to support to water resources
management in Africa. Africa that is already stressed as a
result of socio-economic needs can channel more
attention into alleviating poverty rather than spending
huge large sums of money in purchasing commercial
software for water resources monitoring, management and
development. Globally, open source tools have proven to
be of sufficient quality just like commercial software. In
view of this, the paper assessed the relevance of open
source applications, identified some applicable tools for
water resources management and developed a simple
framework for the adoption of open source applications in
Africa. It is assumed that, institutions of higher learning
such as universities, polytechnics, research organisations
and NGOs are agencies that can act as the main conduits
of transmitting, sharing, training and educating the masses
on the relevance of open source applications for water
resources management in Africa. As such if such
organisations begin to adopt open source applications, it
will champion subsequent modification and adaptation of
such open sources for the tailored needs of the African
people. This paper envisages a significant contribution
towards the use of open source applications for managing
water resources in Africa more affordably and more
sustainably.
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