This document lists various political entities, countries, and cities in Europe as they existed in 1559, as well as some key physical features like bodies of water. The political entities included kingdoms, principalities, republics, empires, and the Papal States. Countries listed spanned Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and the Mediterranean. Major cities mentioned were located in countries like England, France, Spain, Italy, and the Ottoman Empire. Physical features provided geographical context and included seas surrounding Europe.