The document analyzes the names of accommodation establishments in Bulgaria. It finds that the names fall into 20 categories, with the most common being female names (20.6%), male names (9.6%), and family names (4.4%). The analysis also finds significant relationships between name categories and characteristics like location, star rating, and size. Overall, the names provide cultural context for tourists but are concentrated in a few common categories.
Doctors’ and patients’ support of automated decision-making in healthcareStanislav Ivanov
The document summarizes a study that examined doctors' and patients' support for automated decision-making in healthcare. The study found that respondents overwhelmingly prefer approaches where humans are involved in or can override AI decisions ("human-in-the-loop" and "human-on-the-loop"). There were no significant differences between those with and without medical education. The perceived risks and benefits of AI in decisions correlated with preferred decision-making approach. Overall, respondents saw more risks than benefits only for psychiatric diagnoses, and more benefits than risks for booking appointments.
Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have allowed for the wide application of AI in marketing. The general assumption of marketing theory currently is that AI should be used by companies to enable cheaper and more effective marketing, hence it is the supply side in the ‘seller-customer’ relationship that should use the AI. However, this does not need to be necessarily true. This report introduces the concept of AI-to-AI (AI2AI) marketing where artificial autonomous agents sell to other artificial autonomous agents. The report presents the conceptual framework of AI2AI marketing, and sketches some of the major consequences of this paradigm shift for the marketing mix and the marketing processes of companies. Finally, this paper maps out future research directions on this topic.
The document discusses the sustainability of mass tourism. It defines sustainable tourism as tourism that balances economic, social, and environmental impacts such that increased economic welfare does not come at the expense of social problems or severe environmental damage. The document compares the role of alternative and mass tourism in sustainable destination development. While alternative tourism has more positive environmental impacts, mass tourism provides significant economic benefits due to economies of scale. The document argues that the goal of tourism policy should be making mass tourism more sustainable, not replacing it, through techniques like zoning, visitor number restrictions, and educating tourists.
COVID-19 as a driver of automation and robotisation in travel, tourism and ho...Stanislav Ivanov
COVID-19 as a driver of automation and robotisation in travel, tourism and hospitality.
Presentation based on:
• Stanislav Ivanov, Craig Webster, Elitza Stoilova, &
Daniel Slobodskoy (2020, April 3). Biosecurity,
automation technologies and economic resilience of
travel, tourism and hospitality companies.
https:// doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/2hx6f
• Faruk Seyitoğlu & Stanislav Ivanov (2020, April 3).
Service robots as a tool for physical distancing in
tourism. https:// doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/k3z6m
This document summarizes the changes in tourism and the AIEST conference from 1979 to 2019. In 1979, the AIEST conference was held in Varna, Bulgaria and focused on manpower in tourism. Topics of discussion included education and training of tourism employees. In 2019, the AIEST conference returned to Varna after 40 years and focused on more advanced topics like business models for sustainable growth, frontier tourism theories and practices, and the advances in tourism research. Over the four decades, the topics of discussion at the AIEST conference evolved to keep up with the changes in the tourism industry and advancements in research.
The document discusses how artificial intelligence may impact politics and society. It notes that AI could change sources of power by transforming organizations, concentrating resources, and enabling new methods of leadership and influence through technologies like deepfakes. AI may also transform means of control via monitoring activities, restricting privacy, and implementing social credit systems. The document suggests AI will create both winners and losers, benefiting innovative adapters of the technology but potentially leaving others behind. It posits AI could change the political economy of tourism by automating jobs, altering bargaining power in the industry, and allowing some companies to control tourist flows and destinations.
What do robots mean for the future of tourism and hospitality educationStanislav Ivanov
This document discusses how robots, artificial intelligence, and automation technologies (RAISA) may impact the tourism and hospitality industry and education. It notes that RAISA could automate some entry-level jobs in hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, and more. This would decrease work opportunities for people with lower education levels and students seeking part-time work. It may also change the skills required of employees as repetitive tasks are automated. The document examines how RAISA could affect demand for tourism and hospitality programs by changing the number and types of employees needed by companies.
Doctors’ and patients’ support of automated decision-making in healthcareStanislav Ivanov
The document summarizes a study that examined doctors' and patients' support for automated decision-making in healthcare. The study found that respondents overwhelmingly prefer approaches where humans are involved in or can override AI decisions ("human-in-the-loop" and "human-on-the-loop"). There were no significant differences between those with and without medical education. The perceived risks and benefits of AI in decisions correlated with preferred decision-making approach. Overall, respondents saw more risks than benefits only for psychiatric diagnoses, and more benefits than risks for booking appointments.
Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have allowed for the wide application of AI in marketing. The general assumption of marketing theory currently is that AI should be used by companies to enable cheaper and more effective marketing, hence it is the supply side in the ‘seller-customer’ relationship that should use the AI. However, this does not need to be necessarily true. This report introduces the concept of AI-to-AI (AI2AI) marketing where artificial autonomous agents sell to other artificial autonomous agents. The report presents the conceptual framework of AI2AI marketing, and sketches some of the major consequences of this paradigm shift for the marketing mix and the marketing processes of companies. Finally, this paper maps out future research directions on this topic.
The document discusses the sustainability of mass tourism. It defines sustainable tourism as tourism that balances economic, social, and environmental impacts such that increased economic welfare does not come at the expense of social problems or severe environmental damage. The document compares the role of alternative and mass tourism in sustainable destination development. While alternative tourism has more positive environmental impacts, mass tourism provides significant economic benefits due to economies of scale. The document argues that the goal of tourism policy should be making mass tourism more sustainable, not replacing it, through techniques like zoning, visitor number restrictions, and educating tourists.
COVID-19 as a driver of automation and robotisation in travel, tourism and ho...Stanislav Ivanov
COVID-19 as a driver of automation and robotisation in travel, tourism and hospitality.
Presentation based on:
• Stanislav Ivanov, Craig Webster, Elitza Stoilova, &
Daniel Slobodskoy (2020, April 3). Biosecurity,
automation technologies and economic resilience of
travel, tourism and hospitality companies.
https:// doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/2hx6f
• Faruk Seyitoğlu & Stanislav Ivanov (2020, April 3).
Service robots as a tool for physical distancing in
tourism. https:// doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/k3z6m
This document summarizes the changes in tourism and the AIEST conference from 1979 to 2019. In 1979, the AIEST conference was held in Varna, Bulgaria and focused on manpower in tourism. Topics of discussion included education and training of tourism employees. In 2019, the AIEST conference returned to Varna after 40 years and focused on more advanced topics like business models for sustainable growth, frontier tourism theories and practices, and the advances in tourism research. Over the four decades, the topics of discussion at the AIEST conference evolved to keep up with the changes in the tourism industry and advancements in research.
The document discusses how artificial intelligence may impact politics and society. It notes that AI could change sources of power by transforming organizations, concentrating resources, and enabling new methods of leadership and influence through technologies like deepfakes. AI may also transform means of control via monitoring activities, restricting privacy, and implementing social credit systems. The document suggests AI will create both winners and losers, benefiting innovative adapters of the technology but potentially leaving others behind. It posits AI could change the political economy of tourism by automating jobs, altering bargaining power in the industry, and allowing some companies to control tourist flows and destinations.
What do robots mean for the future of tourism and hospitality educationStanislav Ivanov
This document discusses how robots, artificial intelligence, and automation technologies (RAISA) may impact the tourism and hospitality industry and education. It notes that RAISA could automate some entry-level jobs in hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, and more. This would decrease work opportunities for people with lower education levels and students seeking part-time work. It may also change the skills required of employees as repetitive tasks are automated. The document examines how RAISA could affect demand for tourism and hospitality programs by changing the number and types of employees needed by companies.
Tourism beyond humans robots, pets and teddy bearsStanislav Ivanov
Tourism is universally considered as an activity specifically reserved for humans. Although not explicitly stated, all definitions of tourism assume that the tourists are human beings. However, the advances in animal ethics, artificial intelligence and experience economy in the last decades indicate that this fundamental assumption might need revision. Travel agencies already offer trips for teddy bears, hotels have special pet policies, companies sell stones as pets, while social robots will force companies to adapt to the new technological realities. This paper focuses on these non-human travellers in tourism (home robots, pets and toys) and the specific strategic, operational and marketing issues they raise for tourist companies.
The next 15-20 years will witness the massive introduction of robots – both as consumer robots (including companion robots) and industrial robots as result of the advances in robotics, artificial intelligence and automation. Economists expect this with mixed feelings. While some extort the benefits artificial intelligence and robotics will bring to societies, others predict a darker scenario. The massive introduction of robots and the transition of the economic system to robonomics (robot-based economy) will cause many people to lose their jobs, new jobs would be created, production facilities will scale down and change their geographic location, and the sources of employees’, companies’ and countries’ competitive advantages will change drastically. This will have profound implications on the nature of work, level and sources of incomes, leisure time, politics, international trade and relations, ownership rights, etc., hence leading to major social, economic and political challenges and tension. Societies will be forced to find unconventional solutions to these challenges – birth right patents, universal basic income, constant and fluid free life-long education of population, robot-based tax system, redefinition of human rights, etc. This paper elaborates on the economic principles of robonomics, pinpoints its benefits and challenges, and sketches some of the solutions to its challenges.
The document outlines a research agenda on the robot as a consumer. It proposes several areas of inquiry, including how human consumers will delegate buying decisions to robots/digital assistants, how this will influence decision making processes and levels of satisfaction, and how marketing strategy, mix, ethics, organization, education, and legislation may need to adapt with robot consumers. Understanding these issues will be important as robots arrive to participate in consumer behavior.
The document examines factors that influence the concentration of hotel groups' headquarters in certain countries. It finds that hotel groups' headquarters are most concentrated in countries based on the size of their home hotel industry and characteristics like the share of affiliated properties, rather than general business environment factors or the size and importance of tourism in the country. Specifically, the location of hotel groups' headquarters depends most on the history and traditions of the hotel industry in their home country, with the US, Spain and China having particularly high concentrations.
Adoption of robots and service automation by tourism and hospitality companiesStanislav Ivanov
The document discusses the adoption of robots and service automation by tourism and hospitality companies. It provides examples of current and potential uses of robots and automation in various sectors like hotels, restaurants, theme parks, airports and more. Some current uses include self-service kiosks, mobile check-ins, delivery robots and room cleaning robots. Potential future uses discussed are robot chefs, bartenders, guides, porters and fully automated hotels. The conclusion is that robots have arrived and will continue to impact the tourism industry which must adapt to this new reality.
Publishing Top Tips: Sexy topics, titles and abstractsStanislav Ivanov
This document provides tips for publishing sexy topics, titles, and abstracts. It discusses focusing research on topics that will remain important and have theoretical, methodological, or applied value. Sexy titles should catch readers' attention, inform them of the content, and be creative while avoiding being too long or using too many abbreviations. Sexy abstracts should properly reflect the paper's content, follow journal guidelines, include key facts about methodology and results, and use important words to improve search engine visibility while making the abstract readable and citable. The document encourages focusing on small, focused topics and titles.
The AI-armed consumer in hospitality and its impact on revenue managementStanislav Ivanov
The document discusses how artificial intelligence (AI) will impact revenue management in the hospitality industry by arming consumers. It makes three key points:
1) AI will filter information for consumers, compare offers more efficiently, make purchase decisions and payments within set limits, potentially acting as the customer instead of just assisting humans.
2) This will empower consumers in relationships with hospitality companies and require companies to communicate with consumer AI as much as humans.
3) For revenue managers, it means more properties will be considered, discounts more utilized through rebooking, and booking fluidity will increase, requiring new approaches targeting consumer AI alongside humans.
Hotel operations simulation modelling for total profit managementStanislav Ivanov
This document discusses using simulation modeling to optimize total profit management for hotel operations. It begins with an introduction of the authors and their credentials. It then outlines considerations for the model, including examining room revenue, total revenue, total profit management, price elasticity of demand, and the fixed nature of costs. The document proposes modeling hotel operations through blocks representing revenues, costs, performance metrics, demand, the hotel configuration, distribution channels, and profit management rules. It provides an overview of how a GPSS model could be designed with variables, initial cell values, booking processes, and reporting metrics. Finally, it discusses potential areas to expand the model by incorporating additional demand factors, hotel departments, cost analyses, and processes to optimize revenue and profit
Motivation, costs and benefits of the adoption of the European Ecolabel in th...Stanislav Ivanov
In the last 20 years, the tourism industry has witnessed the proliferation of many ecolabels with different scopes and criteria and sometimes with a limited area of recognition, which caused confusion among guests. In order to offer a tool useful for consumers and recognised all over Europe, in 2001 the European Union decided to extend its official ecolabel to the hospitality sector. Fifteen years since its introduction, Italy represents the first country in Europe in terms of adhesion to the European Ecolabel while in other countries like Austria, Spain and France, only a limited number of properties are certified. This paper aims at presenting a study of 36 Italian accommodation establishments with the European Ecolabel (out of 194, the 18.6% of the total) and analyses their motivations, difficulties, costs, and benefits deriving from its implementations.
The document discusses the potential for robots to substitute teachers. It begins with an introduction noting the increasing uses of robots and AI in various fields. It then lists some potential advantages of robots as teachers, such as their ability to work 24/7 and provide consistent quality. However, it also lists disadvantages, such as a current lack of creativity. The document explores drivers for the substitution of teachers with robots and concludes that while robots may not fully replace teachers soon, their roles in education are likely to continue expanding.
Political Shocks and Business Reactions to a Changed Business Environment: th...Stanislav Ivanov
Crimea was integrated into the Russian Federation in 2014. The annexation of Crimea was not simply a political event but also an economic event, as there were severe economic implications from the political situation. The political situation resulted in major changes for most businesses operating in Crimea, Ukraine, and Russia. To learn about how the tourism businesses reacted to the political shocks of the crisis, a survey of managers in the hotel and tourism industries was carried out in Crimea, Ukraine, and Russia. The results of the surveys illustrate a great deal about the ways that different types of businesses react to the political shock to their business environment, illustrating how the changes enabled entrepreneurs to react in ways to the new challenges and illustrating how different segments of the industries reacted differently to the political/economic changes.
Investigation of the revenue management practices of accommodation establishm...Stanislav Ivanov
This exploratory research paper investigates the revenue management practices of accommodation establishments in Turkey through a survey of the managers of 105 hotels. Specifically the paper looks at the revenue centres, revenue management tools, channel management, performance metrics, revenue management team, software and forecasting methods used by hoteliers. The findings indicate that respondent hoteliers put the emphasis on price discrimination and room availability guarantee and are less likely to apply overcontracting and overbooking. Most of the respondents do not have a revenue manager and do not intend to hire one: revenue management is usually within the responsibilities of the general manager, front office manager or the marketing manager. OTAs, hotel’s website, tour operators and travel agents are the most important distribution channels. The size of the property, its category, location and chain affiliation have significant impact on the degree of application of the various revenue management practice. In general, revenue management is mostly adopted by high category, chain affiliated, urban and seaside hotels with large number of rooms. Managerial implications, limitations and future research directions are discussed as well.
Political ideologies as shapers of future tourism developmentStanislav Ivanov
Purpose. The paper aims to identify the link between political ideology and the management of tourism in countries. We stipulate that the predominant political ideology in the country influences the nature and logic of state interventions in the tourism industry.
Design/methodology/approach. The paper elaborates several case studies from various countries – Bulgaria, Cyprus, Scandinavia, Russia, USA, China, Japan, Indonesia, North Korea.
Findings. Countries with predominant (neo)liberal ideology do not typically interfere in tourism regulation, while nationalism leads governments to stimulate inbound and domestic tourism. Communist ideological approaches tend to be burdensome, inhibiting growth while stressing the promotion of the socialist achievements of a country. Countries that are traditionally thought of as social democratic have been evolving in recent years to regulate tourism in ways that are more liberal in nature than social democratic.
Practical implications. Political ideologies shape the acceptability of government support for private tourist companies, legislation in field of tourism, limitation/stimulation of inbound/outbound tourist flows. For the future we expect greater politicisation of tourism, active tourism ‘wars’ between countries, greater control of governments on populations, thriving nationalism, ‘aggressive’ environmentalism.
Originality/value. This is one of the first papers to discuss the impact of the political ideology on the management of tourism at the national level.
Tourism beyond humans robots, pets and teddy bearsStanislav Ivanov
Tourism is universally considered as an activity specifically reserved for humans. Although not explicitly stated, all definitions of tourism assume that the tourists are human beings. However, the advances in animal ethics, artificial intelligence and experience economy in the last decades indicate that this fundamental assumption might need revision. Travel agencies already offer trips for teddy bears, hotels have special pet policies, companies sell stones as pets, while social robots will force companies to adapt to the new technological realities. This paper focuses on these non-human travellers in tourism (home robots, pets and toys) and the specific strategic, operational and marketing issues they raise for tourist companies.
The next 15-20 years will witness the massive introduction of robots – both as consumer robots (including companion robots) and industrial robots as result of the advances in robotics, artificial intelligence and automation. Economists expect this with mixed feelings. While some extort the benefits artificial intelligence and robotics will bring to societies, others predict a darker scenario. The massive introduction of robots and the transition of the economic system to robonomics (robot-based economy) will cause many people to lose their jobs, new jobs would be created, production facilities will scale down and change their geographic location, and the sources of employees’, companies’ and countries’ competitive advantages will change drastically. This will have profound implications on the nature of work, level and sources of incomes, leisure time, politics, international trade and relations, ownership rights, etc., hence leading to major social, economic and political challenges and tension. Societies will be forced to find unconventional solutions to these challenges – birth right patents, universal basic income, constant and fluid free life-long education of population, robot-based tax system, redefinition of human rights, etc. This paper elaborates on the economic principles of robonomics, pinpoints its benefits and challenges, and sketches some of the solutions to its challenges.
The document outlines a research agenda on the robot as a consumer. It proposes several areas of inquiry, including how human consumers will delegate buying decisions to robots/digital assistants, how this will influence decision making processes and levels of satisfaction, and how marketing strategy, mix, ethics, organization, education, and legislation may need to adapt with robot consumers. Understanding these issues will be important as robots arrive to participate in consumer behavior.
The document examines factors that influence the concentration of hotel groups' headquarters in certain countries. It finds that hotel groups' headquarters are most concentrated in countries based on the size of their home hotel industry and characteristics like the share of affiliated properties, rather than general business environment factors or the size and importance of tourism in the country. Specifically, the location of hotel groups' headquarters depends most on the history and traditions of the hotel industry in their home country, with the US, Spain and China having particularly high concentrations.
Adoption of robots and service automation by tourism and hospitality companiesStanislav Ivanov
The document discusses the adoption of robots and service automation by tourism and hospitality companies. It provides examples of current and potential uses of robots and automation in various sectors like hotels, restaurants, theme parks, airports and more. Some current uses include self-service kiosks, mobile check-ins, delivery robots and room cleaning robots. Potential future uses discussed are robot chefs, bartenders, guides, porters and fully automated hotels. The conclusion is that robots have arrived and will continue to impact the tourism industry which must adapt to this new reality.
Publishing Top Tips: Sexy topics, titles and abstractsStanislav Ivanov
This document provides tips for publishing sexy topics, titles, and abstracts. It discusses focusing research on topics that will remain important and have theoretical, methodological, or applied value. Sexy titles should catch readers' attention, inform them of the content, and be creative while avoiding being too long or using too many abbreviations. Sexy abstracts should properly reflect the paper's content, follow journal guidelines, include key facts about methodology and results, and use important words to improve search engine visibility while making the abstract readable and citable. The document encourages focusing on small, focused topics and titles.
The AI-armed consumer in hospitality and its impact on revenue managementStanislav Ivanov
The document discusses how artificial intelligence (AI) will impact revenue management in the hospitality industry by arming consumers. It makes three key points:
1) AI will filter information for consumers, compare offers more efficiently, make purchase decisions and payments within set limits, potentially acting as the customer instead of just assisting humans.
2) This will empower consumers in relationships with hospitality companies and require companies to communicate with consumer AI as much as humans.
3) For revenue managers, it means more properties will be considered, discounts more utilized through rebooking, and booking fluidity will increase, requiring new approaches targeting consumer AI alongside humans.
Hotel operations simulation modelling for total profit managementStanislav Ivanov
This document discusses using simulation modeling to optimize total profit management for hotel operations. It begins with an introduction of the authors and their credentials. It then outlines considerations for the model, including examining room revenue, total revenue, total profit management, price elasticity of demand, and the fixed nature of costs. The document proposes modeling hotel operations through blocks representing revenues, costs, performance metrics, demand, the hotel configuration, distribution channels, and profit management rules. It provides an overview of how a GPSS model could be designed with variables, initial cell values, booking processes, and reporting metrics. Finally, it discusses potential areas to expand the model by incorporating additional demand factors, hotel departments, cost analyses, and processes to optimize revenue and profit
Motivation, costs and benefits of the adoption of the European Ecolabel in th...Stanislav Ivanov
In the last 20 years, the tourism industry has witnessed the proliferation of many ecolabels with different scopes and criteria and sometimes with a limited area of recognition, which caused confusion among guests. In order to offer a tool useful for consumers and recognised all over Europe, in 2001 the European Union decided to extend its official ecolabel to the hospitality sector. Fifteen years since its introduction, Italy represents the first country in Europe in terms of adhesion to the European Ecolabel while in other countries like Austria, Spain and France, only a limited number of properties are certified. This paper aims at presenting a study of 36 Italian accommodation establishments with the European Ecolabel (out of 194, the 18.6% of the total) and analyses their motivations, difficulties, costs, and benefits deriving from its implementations.
The document discusses the potential for robots to substitute teachers. It begins with an introduction noting the increasing uses of robots and AI in various fields. It then lists some potential advantages of robots as teachers, such as their ability to work 24/7 and provide consistent quality. However, it also lists disadvantages, such as a current lack of creativity. The document explores drivers for the substitution of teachers with robots and concludes that while robots may not fully replace teachers soon, their roles in education are likely to continue expanding.
Political Shocks and Business Reactions to a Changed Business Environment: th...Stanislav Ivanov
Crimea was integrated into the Russian Federation in 2014. The annexation of Crimea was not simply a political event but also an economic event, as there were severe economic implications from the political situation. The political situation resulted in major changes for most businesses operating in Crimea, Ukraine, and Russia. To learn about how the tourism businesses reacted to the political shocks of the crisis, a survey of managers in the hotel and tourism industries was carried out in Crimea, Ukraine, and Russia. The results of the surveys illustrate a great deal about the ways that different types of businesses react to the political shock to their business environment, illustrating how the changes enabled entrepreneurs to react in ways to the new challenges and illustrating how different segments of the industries reacted differently to the political/economic changes.
Investigation of the revenue management practices of accommodation establishm...Stanislav Ivanov
This exploratory research paper investigates the revenue management practices of accommodation establishments in Turkey through a survey of the managers of 105 hotels. Specifically the paper looks at the revenue centres, revenue management tools, channel management, performance metrics, revenue management team, software and forecasting methods used by hoteliers. The findings indicate that respondent hoteliers put the emphasis on price discrimination and room availability guarantee and are less likely to apply overcontracting and overbooking. Most of the respondents do not have a revenue manager and do not intend to hire one: revenue management is usually within the responsibilities of the general manager, front office manager or the marketing manager. OTAs, hotel’s website, tour operators and travel agents are the most important distribution channels. The size of the property, its category, location and chain affiliation have significant impact on the degree of application of the various revenue management practice. In general, revenue management is mostly adopted by high category, chain affiliated, urban and seaside hotels with large number of rooms. Managerial implications, limitations and future research directions are discussed as well.
Political ideologies as shapers of future tourism developmentStanislav Ivanov
Purpose. The paper aims to identify the link between political ideology and the management of tourism in countries. We stipulate that the predominant political ideology in the country influences the nature and logic of state interventions in the tourism industry.
Design/methodology/approach. The paper elaborates several case studies from various countries – Bulgaria, Cyprus, Scandinavia, Russia, USA, China, Japan, Indonesia, North Korea.
Findings. Countries with predominant (neo)liberal ideology do not typically interfere in tourism regulation, while nationalism leads governments to stimulate inbound and domestic tourism. Communist ideological approaches tend to be burdensome, inhibiting growth while stressing the promotion of the socialist achievements of a country. Countries that are traditionally thought of as social democratic have been evolving in recent years to regulate tourism in ways that are more liberal in nature than social democratic.
Practical implications. Political ideologies shape the acceptability of government support for private tourist companies, legislation in field of tourism, limitation/stimulation of inbound/outbound tourist flows. For the future we expect greater politicisation of tourism, active tourism ‘wars’ between countries, greater control of governments on populations, thriving nationalism, ‘aggressive’ environmentalism.
Originality/value. This is one of the first papers to discuss the impact of the political ideology on the management of tourism at the national level.
Boost Your Instagram Views Instantly Proven Free Strategies.InstBlast Marketing
Supercars use advanced materials and tech for top-speed performance. Join Performance Car Exclusive to experience driving excellence.
https://instblast.com/instagram/free-instagram-views
Top 10 AI Trends to Watch in 2024 with Intelisyncnehapardhi711
As we advance further into the digital age, artificial intelligence (AI) continues to evolve, shaping various industries and aspects of our daily lives. The advancements in AI for 2024 promise significant transformations across multiple sectors. From agentic AI and open-source AI to AI-powered cybersecurity and sustainability, these trends highlight the growing influence of AI on our world. By staying informed and embracing these trends, businesses and individuals can harness the power of AI to innovate and thrive.
This article explores the top 10 AI trends to watch in 2024, providing an overview, impact, and examples of each trend.
Top 10 AI Trends to Watch in 2024
Trend 1: Agentic AI
Overview of Agentic AI
Agentic AI represents a fundamental shift in artificial intelligence. These AI systems are designed to comprehend complex workflows and pursue difficult objectives autonomously, with minimal human assistance. Essentially, agentic AI functions similarly to human employees, understanding intricate contexts and instructions in normal language, defining goals, deducing subtasks, and adapting actions to changing circumstances.
Impact of Agentic AI
Agentic AI has the potential to drastically alter organizational roles, procedures, and relationships. AI assistants with advanced thinking and planning capabilities can perform tasks previously managed by humans. This shift enhances productivity by fully automating complex processes, freeing workers from repetitive tasks to focus on more critical activities. The ability to adapt quickly to changing circumstances ensures continuous operational improvements.
Examples and Use Cases of Agentic AI
Autonomous Vehicles: Self-driving cars use agentic AI to navigate roads, interpret traffic signals, and make real-time decisions to ensure passenger safety.
Smart Home Devices: AI-powered home assistants, like smart thermostats and security systems, operate autonomously to optimize energy usage and enhance security.
Customer Service Bots: Advanced chatbots handle complex customer queries, provide solutions, and escalate issues to human agents when necessary.
Trend 2: Open Source AI
Overview of Open Source AI
Open-source AI involves freely available source code, encouraging developers to collaborate, use, adapt, and share AI technology. This openness fosters innovation and speeds up the development of practical AI solutions across various sectors, including healthcare, finance, and education.
Impact of Open Source AI
The collaborative nature of open-source AI promotes transparency and facilitates continuous improvement, leading to feature-rich, reliable, and modular solutions. These platforms enable the creation of applications such as real-time fraud detection, medical image analysis, personalized recommendations, and customized learning experiences.
Examples and Use Cases of Open Source AI
TensorFlow: An open-source machine learning framework by Google, widely used for building and deploying AI models.
THE STORY COMMUNICATION Credential 2024.pptxhuyenngo62
The Story Communication là công ty quảng cáo truyền thông tích hợp (IMC) được xây dựng trên thế mạnh về Digital & Performance.
#Assemble #Integrity #Transformation #Initiative
If you’re at all interested in digital
marketing and in making a name for
your brand online, then it is crucial that
you understand how to properly make
use of content marketing. Content
marketing is currently one of the
biggest trends in digital marketing as a
whole and is an area that many website owners and brands are investing in
heavily right now thanks to the impressive returns that they are seeing.
Why bridging the gap between PR and SEO is the only way forward for PR Profes...Isa Lavs
The lines between PR and SEO are blurring. SEOs are increasingly winning PR briefs by leveraging data and content to secure high-value placements. In this presentation, I explore the merging of PR and SEO, highlighting why SEO specialists are increasingly taking ‘PR’ business. I uncover the hidden SEO potential using PR tactics and discuss how to identify missed opportunities. I'll also offer insights into strategies for converting PR initiatives into successful link-building campaigns.
Advanced Storytelling Concepts for MarketersEd Shimp
Every marketer knows you’re supposed to tell a story, but do you know how to tell a story? Do you know why you’re supposed to tell a story? Do you even truly know what a story is? While many marketing presentations emphasize the value of mythic storytelling, the nuts and bolts of actually constructing a story are never explored.
The goal of marketing may be to achieve specific KPIs that drive sales, which is very objective, but the top of the marketing funnel requires a softer approach. In our data-driven results-oriented fast-paced world, marketers must quantify results, but those results will never be achieved unless prospects are first approached with humanity.
There is a common misunderstanding that the so-called “soft skills” of marketing such as language and art are unmeasurable and subjective, but while the objective measures of market research are merely 100 years old, the rules of aesthetics have been perfected over the last 2,500 years.
Great story construction is a skill that requires significant knowledge and practice. This presentation will be a review of the ancient art of story construction.
We will discuss:
• Rhetoric – The art of effective communication
• The Socratic Method – You cannot teach, but you can persuade people to learn
• Plato’s Cave – You sell products, but you market ideas
• Aristotle’s Six Dramatic Elements – The secret recipe for marketing stories
This is for senior marketers who are tasked with creating effective narratives or guiding others in the process. By the end of the session, attendees will have gained the knowledge needed to work storytelling into all phases of the buyer’s journey.
This document was submitted as part of interview process for Marketing Specialist position at DTA Promotion, an Indonesian company which offers 360 degree marketing services, including ATL and BTL advertising platform.
What is Digital Marketing: A Comprehensive GuideV-tech Marketing
Digital technologies have transformed marketing. Traditional methods like print and TV ads are giving way to digital strategies, reshaping how brands connect with consumers online. Welcome to the era of digital marketing, where engagement in the digital realm is key. Let's delve into what digital marketing entails in our interconnected world.
How to Start Affiliate Marketing with ChatGPT- A Step-by-Step Guide (1).pdfSimpleMoneyMaker
Discover the power of affiliate marketing with ChatGPT! This comprehensive guide takes you through the process of starting and scaling your affiliate marketing business using the latest AI technology. Learn how to leverage ChatGPT to generate content ideas, create engaging articles, and connect with your audience through personalized interactions. From building your strategy and optimizing conversions to analyzing performance and staying updated with industry trends, this eBook provides everything you need to know to succeed in affiliate marketing. Whether you're a beginner looking to start your online business or an experienced marketer wanting to take your efforts to the next level, this guide is your roadmap to success in the world of affiliate marketing.
Digital Marketing Company in India - DIGI BrooksDIGI Brooks
This infographic provides guidance on marketing analytics, helping businesses grow using tools like Google Analytics and AI, measuring ROI, and analysing future trends to track business development.
https://digibrooks.com/digital-marketing-services/
1. Etymology of hotel names
in Bulgaria
Stanislav Ivanov
Email: stanislav.ivanov@vumk.eu
Web: http://stanislavivanov.com
Fani Dimitrova
Email: fani.dimitrowa@abv.bg
68th AIEST conference, 26-30 August 2018, Treviso, Italy
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Dr. Stanislav Ivanov
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• Professor and Vice Rector (Research), Varna
University of Management, Bulgaria
(http://www.vum.bg)
• Editor-in-chief of the European Journal of
Tourism Research (http://ejtr.vumk.eu)
• CEO of Zangador Ltd. (http://www.zangador.eu)
• Member of AIEST (https://www.aiest.org)
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Problem statement & literature review
• Brand name is an important part of branding, both
for destinations and corporations.
• Brand name has an impact on the brand awareness,
discoverability via search engines and the way
people perceive the company/brand (Jack Rofled,
2008; Rutz & Bucklin, 2011; Wänke, Herrmann &
Schaffner, 2007). Hence, the choice of a proper
brand name is an important aspect of the
marketing strategy of a company, including travel,
tourism and hospitality firms.
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Problem statement & literature review
• In a tourist destination context, the names of the
tourist companies in a destination are part of the
local tourism and cultural landscape (Nash, 2016)
which provides the uniqueness, distinction and the
memorability of a destination.
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Problem statement & literature review
• Research on hotel names is very scarce and only a
few publications deal with the topic, probably
because of the difficulty to create a comprehensive
list with the names of accommodation
establishments in a country.
• Nash (2016) analyses the names of 52 Norfolk
Island hotels, while Mihailov (2016) and
Dimitrova-Todorova (2000) investigate the names
of hotels in Bulgaria.
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Problem statement & literature review
• The common ground of these publications is the
qualitative approach to the topic. Hence, these
publications evaluate the linguistic aspects of the
hotel names and disregard the impact of various
property characteristics like category, size, type or
location on the choice of a hotel name.
• In our piece of research we adopt quantitative
approach and aim to identify not only the
categories of hotel names, but the role of various
property characteristics on its name.
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Methodology
• Data were collected in March 2017 from the
consolidated registry of accommodation
establishments in Bulgaria
(http://tourism.egov.bg/registers/Register.aspx),
maintained by the Ministry of Tourism.
• All properties without names or with generic names
(e.g. hotel, guest house) were removed from list.
• The final dataset included 5932 accommodation
establishments.
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Methodology
• The categories of names used by the owners of the
accommodation establishments were developed by
the authors on the basis of the meaning of each
individual name. Over a hundred individual groups
were developed initially which were later
aggregated into 20 groups on the basis of
similarities among groups.
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Methodology
• Sample’s characteristics
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Type of Establishment Frequency Percent
Aparthotel 131 2.2
Apartment(s) 117 2.0
Boarding house 13 0.2
Bungalows 77 1.3
Campsite 20 0.3
Caravan 11 0.2
Cottage 26 0.4
Dwelling house 38 0.6
Family hotel 545 9.2
Guest rooms 358 6.0
Holiday complex 40 0.7
Holiday house 42 0.7
Holiday village 15 0.3
Hostel 29 0.5
Hotel 2111 35.6
House (guest house) 1861 31.4
Hut 121 2.0
Monastery 1 0.0
Motel 31 0.5
Spa hotel 45 0.7
Training centre 2 0.0
Villa(s) 298 5.0
Total 5932 100.0
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Methodology
• Sample’s characteristics
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Category Frequency Percent
1 1902 32.1
2 2185 36.8
3 1425 24.0
4 352 5.9
5 68 1.1
Total 5932 100.0
Capacity Frequency Percent
Up to 50 rooms 5206 87.8
51-100 rooms 331 5.6
101-150 rooms 173 2.9
over 150 rooms 222 3.7
Total 5932 100.0
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Methodology
• Sample’s characteristics
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Type of municipality Frequency Percent
Seaside 1572 26.5
Mountain 2602 43.9
Countryside 491 8.3
Urban 1267 21.4
Total 5932 100.0
Type of settlement Frequency Percent
Seaside 1954 32.9
Mountain 2631 44.4
Countryside 491 8.3
Urban 856 14.4
Total 5932 100.0
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Findings
• Name categories
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Name category Examples
Animals Orlitsa (Eagle), Koncheto (The horse), Mecho uho (Bear’s ear)
Flower/Plant/Tree Kokiche (Snowdrop), Roza (Rose), Oreha (The walnut)
Country/City/Village/Continent/Other geographic area Kiten, Sofia, Havana, Casablanca
Mountain/Mountain peak Vihren, Pirin, Murgavets
Sea/Ocean/River/Lake/Dam Cherno more (Black sea), Byalo more (The Aegean), Maritsa
Nature/Natural phenomena Slantse (Sun), Vodopada (The waterfall), Iceberg
Male names Chicho Tsane (Uncle Tsane), Haji Georgi, Ivan
Female names Diana, Maria, Boryana, Zlatina, Preslava
Family names Stoyanovi, Kehayovi, Andreevi
Gods/Goddesses/Saints/Mythical creatures Gorska Feya (Forest fairy), Tangra, Aida
Colours Byalata kashta (The white house), Zelenata kashta (The green house)
Objects/Materials Diamant (Diamond), Korona (Crown), Stara kotva (Old anchor)
Emotions/Expressions/Experiences/Expectations Tihiat kat (The silent place), Naslada (Enjoyment), Relax
Luxury/Quality Elit (Elite), Dvoretsa (The palace), Elegance, Elegant Lux
Geographical directions North, East, South, West
Locations Mezhdu dva svyata (Between two worlds), Pri vodenitsata (By the
watermill)
Time period/Age Starata kashta (The old house), Vreme (Time), Retro
Typical Bulgarian names Kuker, Nestinarka (Fire dancer), Zmeyuva nevesta (Dragon’s bride)
No specific meaning Fema, Sliok, Behi
Other Strazhite (The guards), Lider (Leader), Minyor (Miner)
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Findings
• Distribution of accommodation establishments by name category
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Name category Frequency Percent
Animals 150 2.5
Flower/Plant/Tree 367 6.2
Country/City/Village/Continent/Other geographic area 636 10.7
Mountain/Mountain peak 165 2.8
Sea/Ocean/River/Lake/Dam 123 2.1
Nature/Natural phenomena 307 5.2
Male names 572 9.6
Female names 1223 20.6
Family names 261 4.4
Gods/Goddesses/Saints/Mythical creatures 230 3.9
Colours 69 1.2
Objects/Materials 140 2.4
Emotions/Expressions/Experiences/Expectations 403 6.8
Luxury/Quality 303 5.1
Geographical directions 20 0.3
Locations 244 4.1
Time period/Age 64 1.1
Typical Bulgarian names 89 1.5
No specific meaning 110 1.9
Other 456 7.7
Total 5932 100.0
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Findings
• Cross-tabulation by name category and type of municipality
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Name Category
Type of Municipality
TotalSeaside Mountain Countryside Urban
Animals 59 54 9 28 150
Flower/Plant/Tree 80 184 21 82 367
Country/City/Village/Continent/Other geographic area 163 235 66 172 636
Mountain/Mountain peak 15 108 5 37 165
Sea/Ocean/River/Lake/Dam 38 37 15 33 123
Nature/Natural phenomena 119 101 17 70 307
Male names 141 271 49 111 572
Female names 319 624 113 167 1223
Family names 64 159 19 19 261
Gods/Goddesses/Saints/Mythical creatures 88 82 11 49 230
Colours 24 25 5 15 69
Objects/Materials 56 43 8 33 140
Emotions/Expressions/Experiences/Expectations 115 163 39 86 403
Luxury/Quality 78 93 19 113 303
Geographical directions 9 5 0 6 20
Locations 57 89 29 69 244
Time period/Age 11 29 9 15 64
Typical Bulgarian names 7 53 7 22 89
No specific meaning 19 57 8 26 110
Other 110 190 42 114 456
Total 1572 2602 491 1267 5932
Pearson Chi-square (N=5932, df=57) 361.547 p<0.000
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Findings
• Cross-tabulation by name category and type of settlement
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Name Category
Type of Settlement
TotalSeaside Mountain Countryside Urban
Animals 73 54 9 14 150
Flower/Plant/Tree 119 185 21 42 367
Country/City/Village/Continent/Other geographic area 200 237 66 133 636
Mountain/Mountain peak 19 109 5 32 165
Sea/Ocean/River/Lake/Dam 43 38 15 27 123
Nature/Natural phenomena 152 101 17 37 307
Male names 172 274 49 77 572
Female names 376 626 113 108 1223
Family names 76 159 19 7 261
Gods/Goddesses/Saints/Mythical creatures 113 84 11 22 230
Colours 29 25 5 10 69
Objects/Materials 67 43 8 22 140
Emotions/Expressions/Experiences/Expectations 127 164 39 73 403
Luxury/Quality 119 98 19 67 303
Geographical directions 10 5 0 5 20
Locations 75 89 29 51 244
Time period/Age 12 30 9 13 64
Typical Bulgarian names 7 53 7 22 89
No specific meaning 28 58 8 16 110
Other 137 199 42 78 456
Total 1954 2631 491 856 5932
Pearson Chi-square (N=5932, df=57) 390.537 p<0.000
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Conclusion
From a destination management perspective:
• The names of accommodation establishments are
very diverse, but are heavily concentrated in a few
categories only: female, male and family names
constitute 34.6% of all names, and geographic
toponyms 10.6%.
• Most of the names are typical Bulgarian words,
which appeal to domestic tourists and contribute to
the distinctive cultural and linguistic landscape of
the destination, but are difficult to translate and
understand by international tourists.
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References and further reading
• Dimitrova-Todorova, L. (2000). Names of Hotels and Restaurants in Sofia. Polish onomastics and new
linguistic directions. Materials from XI National Onomastic Conference 15-17 June 1998. Bydgoszcz:
Wydaw. University WSP, 2000, pp. 133-142.
• Jack Rotfeld, H. (2008). Brand image of company names matters in ways that can't be ignored. Journal
of Product & Brand Management, 17(2), 121-122.
• Malenkina, N., & Ivanov, S. (2018). A Linguistic Analysis of the Official Tourism Websites of the
Seventeen Spanish Autonomous Communities. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 9,
204-233
• Mihailov, P. (2016). The Names of the Hotels: Between the Onomastics and the Tourist Science.
Plovdiv: Intelexpert – 94.
• Morgan, N., Pritchard, A. and Pride, R. (Eds.) (2004). Destination Branding: Creating the Unique
Destination Proposition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann
• Morrison, A. (2013). Marketing and Managing Tourism Destinations. London: Routledge.
• Nash, J. (2016). May I Have Your Name Please? Norfolk Island Hotel Names. Tourism Analysis, 21(5),
541-547.
• Rutz, O. J., & Bucklin, R. E. (2011). From generic to branded: A model of spillover in paid search
advertising. Journal of Marketing Research, 48(1), 87-102.
• Wänke, M., Herrmann, A., & Schaffner, D. (2007). Brand name influence on brand perception.
Psychology & Marketing, 24(1), 1-24.
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This presentation is developed within the frame of
Project BG05M2OP001-1.002-0008-C01 “Centre for
Competence and Intelligent Solutions for the Creative
and Recreational Industries (INCREA)”. The project has
been funded within Operational Programme “Science
and Education for Smart Growth (2014-2020)” and with
support from the European Commission. The
presentation reflects the views only of the authors and
the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use
which may be made of the information contained
therein.