Doctors’ and patients’ support of automated decision-making in healthcareStanislav Ivanov
The document summarizes a study that examined doctors' and patients' support for automated decision-making in healthcare. The study found that respondents overwhelmingly prefer approaches where humans are involved in or can override AI decisions ("human-in-the-loop" and "human-on-the-loop"). There were no significant differences between those with and without medical education. The perceived risks and benefits of AI in decisions correlated with preferred decision-making approach. Overall, respondents saw more risks than benefits only for psychiatric diagnoses, and more benefits than risks for booking appointments.
Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have allowed for the wide application of AI in marketing. The general assumption of marketing theory currently is that AI should be used by companies to enable cheaper and more effective marketing, hence it is the supply side in the ‘seller-customer’ relationship that should use the AI. However, this does not need to be necessarily true. This report introduces the concept of AI-to-AI (AI2AI) marketing where artificial autonomous agents sell to other artificial autonomous agents. The report presents the conceptual framework of AI2AI marketing, and sketches some of the major consequences of this paradigm shift for the marketing mix and the marketing processes of companies. Finally, this paper maps out future research directions on this topic.
The document discusses the sustainability of mass tourism. It defines sustainable tourism as tourism that balances economic, social, and environmental impacts such that increased economic welfare does not come at the expense of social problems or severe environmental damage. The document compares the role of alternative and mass tourism in sustainable destination development. While alternative tourism has more positive environmental impacts, mass tourism provides significant economic benefits due to economies of scale. The document argues that the goal of tourism policy should be making mass tourism more sustainable, not replacing it, through techniques like zoning, visitor number restrictions, and educating tourists.
COVID-19 as a driver of automation and robotisation in travel, tourism and ho...Stanislav Ivanov
COVID-19 as a driver of automation and robotisation in travel, tourism and hospitality.
Presentation based on:
• Stanislav Ivanov, Craig Webster, Elitza Stoilova, &
Daniel Slobodskoy (2020, April 3). Biosecurity,
automation technologies and economic resilience of
travel, tourism and hospitality companies.
https:// doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/2hx6f
• Faruk Seyitoğlu & Stanislav Ivanov (2020, April 3).
Service robots as a tool for physical distancing in
tourism. https:// doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/k3z6m
This document summarizes the changes in tourism and the AIEST conference from 1979 to 2019. In 1979, the AIEST conference was held in Varna, Bulgaria and focused on manpower in tourism. Topics of discussion included education and training of tourism employees. In 2019, the AIEST conference returned to Varna after 40 years and focused on more advanced topics like business models for sustainable growth, frontier tourism theories and practices, and the advances in tourism research. Over the four decades, the topics of discussion at the AIEST conference evolved to keep up with the changes in the tourism industry and advancements in research.
The document discusses how artificial intelligence may impact politics and society. It notes that AI could change sources of power by transforming organizations, concentrating resources, and enabling new methods of leadership and influence through technologies like deepfakes. AI may also transform means of control via monitoring activities, restricting privacy, and implementing social credit systems. The document suggests AI will create both winners and losers, benefiting innovative adapters of the technology but potentially leaving others behind. It posits AI could change the political economy of tourism by automating jobs, altering bargaining power in the industry, and allowing some companies to control tourist flows and destinations.
What do robots mean for the future of tourism and hospitality educationStanislav Ivanov
This document discusses how robots, artificial intelligence, and automation technologies (RAISA) may impact the tourism and hospitality industry and education. It notes that RAISA could automate some entry-level jobs in hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, and more. This would decrease work opportunities for people with lower education levels and students seeking part-time work. It may also change the skills required of employees as repetitive tasks are automated. The document examines how RAISA could affect demand for tourism and hospitality programs by changing the number and types of employees needed by companies.
Doctors’ and patients’ support of automated decision-making in healthcareStanislav Ivanov
The document summarizes a study that examined doctors' and patients' support for automated decision-making in healthcare. The study found that respondents overwhelmingly prefer approaches where humans are involved in or can override AI decisions ("human-in-the-loop" and "human-on-the-loop"). There were no significant differences between those with and without medical education. The perceived risks and benefits of AI in decisions correlated with preferred decision-making approach. Overall, respondents saw more risks than benefits only for psychiatric diagnoses, and more benefits than risks for booking appointments.
Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have allowed for the wide application of AI in marketing. The general assumption of marketing theory currently is that AI should be used by companies to enable cheaper and more effective marketing, hence it is the supply side in the ‘seller-customer’ relationship that should use the AI. However, this does not need to be necessarily true. This report introduces the concept of AI-to-AI (AI2AI) marketing where artificial autonomous agents sell to other artificial autonomous agents. The report presents the conceptual framework of AI2AI marketing, and sketches some of the major consequences of this paradigm shift for the marketing mix and the marketing processes of companies. Finally, this paper maps out future research directions on this topic.
The document discusses the sustainability of mass tourism. It defines sustainable tourism as tourism that balances economic, social, and environmental impacts such that increased economic welfare does not come at the expense of social problems or severe environmental damage. The document compares the role of alternative and mass tourism in sustainable destination development. While alternative tourism has more positive environmental impacts, mass tourism provides significant economic benefits due to economies of scale. The document argues that the goal of tourism policy should be making mass tourism more sustainable, not replacing it, through techniques like zoning, visitor number restrictions, and educating tourists.
COVID-19 as a driver of automation and robotisation in travel, tourism and ho...Stanislav Ivanov
COVID-19 as a driver of automation and robotisation in travel, tourism and hospitality.
Presentation based on:
• Stanislav Ivanov, Craig Webster, Elitza Stoilova, &
Daniel Slobodskoy (2020, April 3). Biosecurity,
automation technologies and economic resilience of
travel, tourism and hospitality companies.
https:// doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/2hx6f
• Faruk Seyitoğlu & Stanislav Ivanov (2020, April 3).
Service robots as a tool for physical distancing in
tourism. https:// doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/k3z6m
This document summarizes the changes in tourism and the AIEST conference from 1979 to 2019. In 1979, the AIEST conference was held in Varna, Bulgaria and focused on manpower in tourism. Topics of discussion included education and training of tourism employees. In 2019, the AIEST conference returned to Varna after 40 years and focused on more advanced topics like business models for sustainable growth, frontier tourism theories and practices, and the advances in tourism research. Over the four decades, the topics of discussion at the AIEST conference evolved to keep up with the changes in the tourism industry and advancements in research.
The document discusses how artificial intelligence may impact politics and society. It notes that AI could change sources of power by transforming organizations, concentrating resources, and enabling new methods of leadership and influence through technologies like deepfakes. AI may also transform means of control via monitoring activities, restricting privacy, and implementing social credit systems. The document suggests AI will create both winners and losers, benefiting innovative adapters of the technology but potentially leaving others behind. It posits AI could change the political economy of tourism by automating jobs, altering bargaining power in the industry, and allowing some companies to control tourist flows and destinations.
What do robots mean for the future of tourism and hospitality educationStanislav Ivanov
This document discusses how robots, artificial intelligence, and automation technologies (RAISA) may impact the tourism and hospitality industry and education. It notes that RAISA could automate some entry-level jobs in hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, and more. This would decrease work opportunities for people with lower education levels and students seeking part-time work. It may also change the skills required of employees as repetitive tasks are automated. The document examines how RAISA could affect demand for tourism and hospitality programs by changing the number and types of employees needed by companies.
Tourism beyond humans robots, pets and teddy bearsStanislav Ivanov
Tourism is universally considered as an activity specifically reserved for humans. Although not explicitly stated, all definitions of tourism assume that the tourists are human beings. However, the advances in animal ethics, artificial intelligence and experience economy in the last decades indicate that this fundamental assumption might need revision. Travel agencies already offer trips for teddy bears, hotels have special pet policies, companies sell stones as pets, while social robots will force companies to adapt to the new technological realities. This paper focuses on these non-human travellers in tourism (home robots, pets and toys) and the specific strategic, operational and marketing issues they raise for tourist companies.
The document analyzes the names of accommodation establishments in Bulgaria. It finds that the names fall into 20 categories, with the most common being female names (20.6%), male names (9.6%), and family names (4.4%). The analysis also finds significant relationships between name categories and characteristics like location, star rating, and size. Overall, the names provide cultural context for tourists but are concentrated in a few common categories.
The next 15-20 years will witness the massive introduction of robots – both as consumer robots (including companion robots) and industrial robots as result of the advances in robotics, artificial intelligence and automation. Economists expect this with mixed feelings. While some extort the benefits artificial intelligence and robotics will bring to societies, others predict a darker scenario. The massive introduction of robots and the transition of the economic system to robonomics (robot-based economy) will cause many people to lose their jobs, new jobs would be created, production facilities will scale down and change their geographic location, and the sources of employees’, companies’ and countries’ competitive advantages will change drastically. This will have profound implications on the nature of work, level and sources of incomes, leisure time, politics, international trade and relations, ownership rights, etc., hence leading to major social, economic and political challenges and tension. Societies will be forced to find unconventional solutions to these challenges – birth right patents, universal basic income, constant and fluid free life-long education of population, robot-based tax system, redefinition of human rights, etc. This paper elaborates on the economic principles of robonomics, pinpoints its benefits and challenges, and sketches some of the solutions to its challenges.
The document outlines a research agenda on the robot as a consumer. It proposes several areas of inquiry, including how human consumers will delegate buying decisions to robots/digital assistants, how this will influence decision making processes and levels of satisfaction, and how marketing strategy, mix, ethics, organization, education, and legislation may need to adapt with robot consumers. Understanding these issues will be important as robots arrive to participate in consumer behavior.
The document examines factors that influence the concentration of hotel groups' headquarters in certain countries. It finds that hotel groups' headquarters are most concentrated in countries based on the size of their home hotel industry and characteristics like the share of affiliated properties, rather than general business environment factors or the size and importance of tourism in the country. Specifically, the location of hotel groups' headquarters depends most on the history and traditions of the hotel industry in their home country, with the US, Spain and China having particularly high concentrations.
Adoption of robots and service automation by tourism and hospitality companiesStanislav Ivanov
The document discusses the adoption of robots and service automation by tourism and hospitality companies. It provides examples of current and potential uses of robots and automation in various sectors like hotels, restaurants, theme parks, airports and more. Some current uses include self-service kiosks, mobile check-ins, delivery robots and room cleaning robots. Potential future uses discussed are robot chefs, bartenders, guides, porters and fully automated hotels. The conclusion is that robots have arrived and will continue to impact the tourism industry which must adapt to this new reality.
Publishing Top Tips: Sexy topics, titles and abstractsStanislav Ivanov
This document provides tips for publishing sexy topics, titles, and abstracts. It discusses focusing research on topics that will remain important and have theoretical, methodological, or applied value. Sexy titles should catch readers' attention, inform them of the content, and be creative while avoiding being too long or using too many abbreviations. Sexy abstracts should properly reflect the paper's content, follow journal guidelines, include key facts about methodology and results, and use important words to improve search engine visibility while making the abstract readable and citable. The document encourages focusing on small, focused topics and titles.
The AI-armed consumer in hospitality and its impact on revenue managementStanislav Ivanov
The document discusses how artificial intelligence (AI) will impact revenue management in the hospitality industry by arming consumers. It makes three key points:
1) AI will filter information for consumers, compare offers more efficiently, make purchase decisions and payments within set limits, potentially acting as the customer instead of just assisting humans.
2) This will empower consumers in relationships with hospitality companies and require companies to communicate with consumer AI as much as humans.
3) For revenue managers, it means more properties will be considered, discounts more utilized through rebooking, and booking fluidity will increase, requiring new approaches targeting consumer AI alongside humans.
Hotel operations simulation modelling for total profit managementStanislav Ivanov
This document discusses using simulation modeling to optimize total profit management for hotel operations. It begins with an introduction of the authors and their credentials. It then outlines considerations for the model, including examining room revenue, total revenue, total profit management, price elasticity of demand, and the fixed nature of costs. The document proposes modeling hotel operations through blocks representing revenues, costs, performance metrics, demand, the hotel configuration, distribution channels, and profit management rules. It provides an overview of how a GPSS model could be designed with variables, initial cell values, booking processes, and reporting metrics. Finally, it discusses potential areas to expand the model by incorporating additional demand factors, hotel departments, cost analyses, and processes to optimize revenue and profit
Motivation, costs and benefits of the adoption of the European Ecolabel in th...Stanislav Ivanov
In the last 20 years, the tourism industry has witnessed the proliferation of many ecolabels with different scopes and criteria and sometimes with a limited area of recognition, which caused confusion among guests. In order to offer a tool useful for consumers and recognised all over Europe, in 2001 the European Union decided to extend its official ecolabel to the hospitality sector. Fifteen years since its introduction, Italy represents the first country in Europe in terms of adhesion to the European Ecolabel while in other countries like Austria, Spain and France, only a limited number of properties are certified. This paper aims at presenting a study of 36 Italian accommodation establishments with the European Ecolabel (out of 194, the 18.6% of the total) and analyses their motivations, difficulties, costs, and benefits deriving from its implementations.
The document discusses the potential for robots to substitute teachers. It begins with an introduction noting the increasing uses of robots and AI in various fields. It then lists some potential advantages of robots as teachers, such as their ability to work 24/7 and provide consistent quality. However, it also lists disadvantages, such as a current lack of creativity. The document explores drivers for the substitution of teachers with robots and concludes that while robots may not fully replace teachers soon, their roles in education are likely to continue expanding.
Political Shocks and Business Reactions to a Changed Business Environment: th...Stanislav Ivanov
Crimea was integrated into the Russian Federation in 2014. The annexation of Crimea was not simply a political event but also an economic event, as there were severe economic implications from the political situation. The political situation resulted in major changes for most businesses operating in Crimea, Ukraine, and Russia. To learn about how the tourism businesses reacted to the political shocks of the crisis, a survey of managers in the hotel and tourism industries was carried out in Crimea, Ukraine, and Russia. The results of the surveys illustrate a great deal about the ways that different types of businesses react to the political shock to their business environment, illustrating how the changes enabled entrepreneurs to react in ways to the new challenges and illustrating how different segments of the industries reacted differently to the political/economic changes.
Investigation of the revenue management practices of accommodation establishm...Stanislav Ivanov
This exploratory research paper investigates the revenue management practices of accommodation establishments in Turkey through a survey of the managers of 105 hotels. Specifically the paper looks at the revenue centres, revenue management tools, channel management, performance metrics, revenue management team, software and forecasting methods used by hoteliers. The findings indicate that respondent hoteliers put the emphasis on price discrimination and room availability guarantee and are less likely to apply overcontracting and overbooking. Most of the respondents do not have a revenue manager and do not intend to hire one: revenue management is usually within the responsibilities of the general manager, front office manager or the marketing manager. OTAs, hotel’s website, tour operators and travel agents are the most important distribution channels. The size of the property, its category, location and chain affiliation have significant impact on the degree of application of the various revenue management practice. In general, revenue management is mostly adopted by high category, chain affiliated, urban and seaside hotels with large number of rooms. Managerial implications, limitations and future research directions are discussed as well.
Political ideologies as shapers of future tourism developmentStanislav Ivanov
Purpose. The paper aims to identify the link between political ideology and the management of tourism in countries. We stipulate that the predominant political ideology in the country influences the nature and logic of state interventions in the tourism industry.
Design/methodology/approach. The paper elaborates several case studies from various countries – Bulgaria, Cyprus, Scandinavia, Russia, USA, China, Japan, Indonesia, North Korea.
Findings. Countries with predominant (neo)liberal ideology do not typically interfere in tourism regulation, while nationalism leads governments to stimulate inbound and domestic tourism. Communist ideological approaches tend to be burdensome, inhibiting growth while stressing the promotion of the socialist achievements of a country. Countries that are traditionally thought of as social democratic have been evolving in recent years to regulate tourism in ways that are more liberal in nature than social democratic.
Practical implications. Political ideologies shape the acceptability of government support for private tourist companies, legislation in field of tourism, limitation/stimulation of inbound/outbound tourist flows. For the future we expect greater politicisation of tourism, active tourism ‘wars’ between countries, greater control of governments on populations, thriving nationalism, ‘aggressive’ environmentalism.
Originality/value. This is one of the first papers to discuss the impact of the political ideology on the management of tourism at the national level.
Tourism beyond humans robots, pets and teddy bearsStanislav Ivanov
Tourism is universally considered as an activity specifically reserved for humans. Although not explicitly stated, all definitions of tourism assume that the tourists are human beings. However, the advances in animal ethics, artificial intelligence and experience economy in the last decades indicate that this fundamental assumption might need revision. Travel agencies already offer trips for teddy bears, hotels have special pet policies, companies sell stones as pets, while social robots will force companies to adapt to the new technological realities. This paper focuses on these non-human travellers in tourism (home robots, pets and toys) and the specific strategic, operational and marketing issues they raise for tourist companies.
The document analyzes the names of accommodation establishments in Bulgaria. It finds that the names fall into 20 categories, with the most common being female names (20.6%), male names (9.6%), and family names (4.4%). The analysis also finds significant relationships between name categories and characteristics like location, star rating, and size. Overall, the names provide cultural context for tourists but are concentrated in a few common categories.
The next 15-20 years will witness the massive introduction of robots – both as consumer robots (including companion robots) and industrial robots as result of the advances in robotics, artificial intelligence and automation. Economists expect this with mixed feelings. While some extort the benefits artificial intelligence and robotics will bring to societies, others predict a darker scenario. The massive introduction of robots and the transition of the economic system to robonomics (robot-based economy) will cause many people to lose their jobs, new jobs would be created, production facilities will scale down and change their geographic location, and the sources of employees’, companies’ and countries’ competitive advantages will change drastically. This will have profound implications on the nature of work, level and sources of incomes, leisure time, politics, international trade and relations, ownership rights, etc., hence leading to major social, economic and political challenges and tension. Societies will be forced to find unconventional solutions to these challenges – birth right patents, universal basic income, constant and fluid free life-long education of population, robot-based tax system, redefinition of human rights, etc. This paper elaborates on the economic principles of robonomics, pinpoints its benefits and challenges, and sketches some of the solutions to its challenges.
The document outlines a research agenda on the robot as a consumer. It proposes several areas of inquiry, including how human consumers will delegate buying decisions to robots/digital assistants, how this will influence decision making processes and levels of satisfaction, and how marketing strategy, mix, ethics, organization, education, and legislation may need to adapt with robot consumers. Understanding these issues will be important as robots arrive to participate in consumer behavior.
The document examines factors that influence the concentration of hotel groups' headquarters in certain countries. It finds that hotel groups' headquarters are most concentrated in countries based on the size of their home hotel industry and characteristics like the share of affiliated properties, rather than general business environment factors or the size and importance of tourism in the country. Specifically, the location of hotel groups' headquarters depends most on the history and traditions of the hotel industry in their home country, with the US, Spain and China having particularly high concentrations.
Adoption of robots and service automation by tourism and hospitality companiesStanislav Ivanov
The document discusses the adoption of robots and service automation by tourism and hospitality companies. It provides examples of current and potential uses of robots and automation in various sectors like hotels, restaurants, theme parks, airports and more. Some current uses include self-service kiosks, mobile check-ins, delivery robots and room cleaning robots. Potential future uses discussed are robot chefs, bartenders, guides, porters and fully automated hotels. The conclusion is that robots have arrived and will continue to impact the tourism industry which must adapt to this new reality.
Publishing Top Tips: Sexy topics, titles and abstractsStanislav Ivanov
This document provides tips for publishing sexy topics, titles, and abstracts. It discusses focusing research on topics that will remain important and have theoretical, methodological, or applied value. Sexy titles should catch readers' attention, inform them of the content, and be creative while avoiding being too long or using too many abbreviations. Sexy abstracts should properly reflect the paper's content, follow journal guidelines, include key facts about methodology and results, and use important words to improve search engine visibility while making the abstract readable and citable. The document encourages focusing on small, focused topics and titles.
The AI-armed consumer in hospitality and its impact on revenue managementStanislav Ivanov
The document discusses how artificial intelligence (AI) will impact revenue management in the hospitality industry by arming consumers. It makes three key points:
1) AI will filter information for consumers, compare offers more efficiently, make purchase decisions and payments within set limits, potentially acting as the customer instead of just assisting humans.
2) This will empower consumers in relationships with hospitality companies and require companies to communicate with consumer AI as much as humans.
3) For revenue managers, it means more properties will be considered, discounts more utilized through rebooking, and booking fluidity will increase, requiring new approaches targeting consumer AI alongside humans.
Hotel operations simulation modelling for total profit managementStanislav Ivanov
This document discusses using simulation modeling to optimize total profit management for hotel operations. It begins with an introduction of the authors and their credentials. It then outlines considerations for the model, including examining room revenue, total revenue, total profit management, price elasticity of demand, and the fixed nature of costs. The document proposes modeling hotel operations through blocks representing revenues, costs, performance metrics, demand, the hotel configuration, distribution channels, and profit management rules. It provides an overview of how a GPSS model could be designed with variables, initial cell values, booking processes, and reporting metrics. Finally, it discusses potential areas to expand the model by incorporating additional demand factors, hotel departments, cost analyses, and processes to optimize revenue and profit
Motivation, costs and benefits of the adoption of the European Ecolabel in th...Stanislav Ivanov
In the last 20 years, the tourism industry has witnessed the proliferation of many ecolabels with different scopes and criteria and sometimes with a limited area of recognition, which caused confusion among guests. In order to offer a tool useful for consumers and recognised all over Europe, in 2001 the European Union decided to extend its official ecolabel to the hospitality sector. Fifteen years since its introduction, Italy represents the first country in Europe in terms of adhesion to the European Ecolabel while in other countries like Austria, Spain and France, only a limited number of properties are certified. This paper aims at presenting a study of 36 Italian accommodation establishments with the European Ecolabel (out of 194, the 18.6% of the total) and analyses their motivations, difficulties, costs, and benefits deriving from its implementations.
The document discusses the potential for robots to substitute teachers. It begins with an introduction noting the increasing uses of robots and AI in various fields. It then lists some potential advantages of robots as teachers, such as their ability to work 24/7 and provide consistent quality. However, it also lists disadvantages, such as a current lack of creativity. The document explores drivers for the substitution of teachers with robots and concludes that while robots may not fully replace teachers soon, their roles in education are likely to continue expanding.
Political Shocks and Business Reactions to a Changed Business Environment: th...Stanislav Ivanov
Crimea was integrated into the Russian Federation in 2014. The annexation of Crimea was not simply a political event but also an economic event, as there were severe economic implications from the political situation. The political situation resulted in major changes for most businesses operating in Crimea, Ukraine, and Russia. To learn about how the tourism businesses reacted to the political shocks of the crisis, a survey of managers in the hotel and tourism industries was carried out in Crimea, Ukraine, and Russia. The results of the surveys illustrate a great deal about the ways that different types of businesses react to the political shock to their business environment, illustrating how the changes enabled entrepreneurs to react in ways to the new challenges and illustrating how different segments of the industries reacted differently to the political/economic changes.
Investigation of the revenue management practices of accommodation establishm...Stanislav Ivanov
This exploratory research paper investigates the revenue management practices of accommodation establishments in Turkey through a survey of the managers of 105 hotels. Specifically the paper looks at the revenue centres, revenue management tools, channel management, performance metrics, revenue management team, software and forecasting methods used by hoteliers. The findings indicate that respondent hoteliers put the emphasis on price discrimination and room availability guarantee and are less likely to apply overcontracting and overbooking. Most of the respondents do not have a revenue manager and do not intend to hire one: revenue management is usually within the responsibilities of the general manager, front office manager or the marketing manager. OTAs, hotel’s website, tour operators and travel agents are the most important distribution channels. The size of the property, its category, location and chain affiliation have significant impact on the degree of application of the various revenue management practice. In general, revenue management is mostly adopted by high category, chain affiliated, urban and seaside hotels with large number of rooms. Managerial implications, limitations and future research directions are discussed as well.
Political ideologies as shapers of future tourism developmentStanislav Ivanov
Purpose. The paper aims to identify the link between political ideology and the management of tourism in countries. We stipulate that the predominant political ideology in the country influences the nature and logic of state interventions in the tourism industry.
Design/methodology/approach. The paper elaborates several case studies from various countries – Bulgaria, Cyprus, Scandinavia, Russia, USA, China, Japan, Indonesia, North Korea.
Findings. Countries with predominant (neo)liberal ideology do not typically interfere in tourism regulation, while nationalism leads governments to stimulate inbound and domestic tourism. Communist ideological approaches tend to be burdensome, inhibiting growth while stressing the promotion of the socialist achievements of a country. Countries that are traditionally thought of as social democratic have been evolving in recent years to regulate tourism in ways that are more liberal in nature than social democratic.
Practical implications. Political ideologies shape the acceptability of government support for private tourist companies, legislation in field of tourism, limitation/stimulation of inbound/outbound tourist flows. For the future we expect greater politicisation of tourism, active tourism ‘wars’ between countries, greater control of governments on populations, thriving nationalism, ‘aggressive’ environmentalism.
Originality/value. This is one of the first papers to discuss the impact of the political ideology on the management of tourism at the national level.
Political ideologies as shapers of future tourism development
Дилемата на хотелиера: висока заетост на ниска цена или ниска заетост на висока цена?
1. Дилемата на хотелиера:
висока заетост на ниска
цена или ниска заетост на
висока цена?
Станислав ИВАНОВ
Изложение за бизнес и туризъм
„Дестинация Варна“
30 ноември 2017, ДКС, Варна
6. Казус
6
А Б В
Цена 50 60 90
Брой продадени стаи 100 80 50
Приход 5000 4800 4500
7. Казус
7
А Б В
Цена 50 60 90
Брой продадени стаи 100 80 50
Приход 5000 4800 4500
Променливи разходи на
стая на вечер
10 10 10
8. Казус
8
А Б В
Цена 50 60 90
Брой продадени стаи 100 80 50
Приход 5000 4800 4500
Променливи разходи на
стая на вечер
10 10 10
Общо променливи разходи
Нетен приход от стаите
след приспадане на
променливите разходи
9. Казус
9
А Б В
Цена 50 60 90
Брой продадени стаи 100 80 50
Приход 5000 4800 4500
Променливи разходи на
стая на вечер
10 10 10
Общо променливи разходи 1000 800 500
Нетен приход от стаите
след приспадане на
променливите разходи
4000 4000 4000
10. Казус
10
А Б В
Цена 50 60 90
Брой продадени стаи 100 80 50
Приход 5000 4800 4500
Общ брой стаи в хотела 100 100 100
ADR
Заетост
RevPAR
Нетен приход след
променливите разходи
4000 4000 4000
11. Казус
11
А Б В
Цена 50 60 90
Брой продадени стаи 100 80 50
Приход 5000 4800 4500
Общ брой стаи в хотела 100 100 100
ADR 50 60 90
Заетост 100% 80% 50%
RevPAR 50 48 45
Нетен приход след
променливите разходи
4000 4000 4000
15. Фактори, влияещи върху ценообразуването
• Разположение
• Категория на хотела
• Качество на продукта
• Етап от жизнения цикъл на продукта
• Услуги в хотела
• Цели на фирмата
• Целеви пазарни сегменти
• Конкуренция
• Договорна сила посредниците
• Имидж
03/12/2017
15
16. Фактори, влияещи върху ценообразуването
• Маркетингова стратегия на фирмата
• Организационна структура на хотела и
правомощия на отделните звена в
определянето на цените
• Брой нощувки
• Равнище на търсенето
• Еластичност на търсенето
• Данъчно облагане
• Държавно регулиране
• Разходи
03/12/2017
16