Etiquette of the Learner course 2.pptx

1. Etiquette of the
Learner
Ibn JamāꜤah al-Kinānī

2. َ‫ع‬ َ‫و‬ ٍ‫د‬َّ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ص‬ َّ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َّ‫الل‬
ِّ‫ل‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬
ٍ‫د‬َّ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬
َّ‫ل‬َ‫ص‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫ك‬
َ‫ْت‬‫ي‬
‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬
َ‫يم‬ِّ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ْر‬‫ب‬ِّ‫إ‬
ِّ‫ل‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫و‬
‫ا‬َ‫ْر‬‫ب‬ِّ‫إ‬
َ‫يم‬ِّ‫ه‬
ٌ‫د‬‫ي‬ِّ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ َ‫ك‬َّ‫ن‬ِّ‫إ‬
ِّ‫ج‬َ‫م‬
ٌ‫د‬‫ي‬
ْ‫ك‬ ِّ
‫ار‬َ‫ب‬ َّ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َّ‫الل‬
َ‫ع‬ َ‫و‬ ٍ‫د‬َّ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬
ِّ‫ل‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬
ٍ‫د‬َّ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫ك‬
َ‫ت‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ار‬
‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬
َ‫يم‬ِّ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ْر‬‫ب‬ِّ‫إ‬
‫ا‬َ‫ْر‬‫ب‬ِّ‫إ‬ ِّ‫ل‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫و‬
ِّ‫ج‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫د‬‫ي‬ِّ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ َ‫ك‬َّ‫ن‬ِّ‫إ‬ َ‫يم‬ِّ‫ه‬
ٌ‫د‬‫ي‬

3. The Excellence of
Knowledge

4. Sources of Islam
• To establish concepts in the Religion, the following sources are used:
– Qur’an
– Hadith
– Ijma’ (consensus)
– Qiyas (analogical deduction)
For etiquette and matters of virtue, we will consult the Qur’an, Hadith and the
statements of the Pious predecessors.

5. Verses of the Qur’an
Elevation of Rank:
‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫آ‬ َ‫ين‬ِّ‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬ ُ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫الل‬ ِّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ ْ‫ر‬َ‫ي‬﴿
ْ‫ال‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ت‬‫و‬ُ‫أ‬ َ‫ين‬ِّ‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬ َ‫و‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬
َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬ِّ‫ع‬
﴾ٍ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫د‬
Allah will raise those who have believed from amongst you and those
who have been given knowledge, by degrees (58:11)

6. Verses of the Qur’an
Mentioned alongside Allah and His Angels
َّ
‫َل‬ِّ‫إ‬ َ‫ه‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬ِّ‫إ‬ َ
‫َل‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ ُ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫الل‬ َ‫د‬ِّ‫ه‬َ‫ش‬﴿
‫و‬ُ‫أ‬ َ‫و‬ ُ َ‫ك‬ِّ‫ك‬ َ
‫ئا‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ال‬ َ‫و‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬
﴾ِّ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬ِّ‫ع‬ْ‫ال‬ ‫و‬ُ‫ل‬
Allah bears witness that there is no god but He and [so do] the angels
and those who possess knowledge… (3:18)

7. Verses of the Qur’an
Scholars without Equal:
َ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ين‬ِّ‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬ ‫ي‬ِّ‫و‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ي‬ ْ‫ل‬َ‫ه‬ ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ق‬﴿
ْ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬ َ
‫َل‬ َ‫ين‬ِّ‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬ َ‫و‬ ََ‫و‬ُ‫م‬
﴾ََ‫و‬ُ‫م‬َ‫ل‬
Say: Are those who know and those who do not know equal? (39:9)

8. Verses of the Qur’an
Unveiling of Signs:
ُ‫ص‬ ‫ي‬ِّ‫ف‬ ٌ‫َات‬‫ن‬ِّ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ ٌ‫ات‬َ‫ي‬‫آ‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬ ْ‫ل‬َ‫ب‬﴿
ْ‫ال‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ت‬‫و‬ُ‫أ‬ َ‫ين‬ِّ‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬ ِّ
‫ُور‬‫د‬
﴾َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬ِّ‫ع‬
Rather, it [i.e. the Qur’ān] is clear signs in the hearts of those who have
been given knowledge (29:49)

9. Verses of the Qur’an
True fear of Allah:
ِّ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ِّ‫ع‬ ْ‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬ َ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫الل‬ ‫َى‬‫ش‬ْ‫خ‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َّ‫ن‬ِّ‫إ‬﴿
﴾ُ‫ء‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ال‬ ِّ‫ه‬
Only those of His slaves fear Allah who are knowledgeable (35:28)

10. Hadiths
Goodness from Allah:
ِّ‫د‬ ِّ
‫ر‬ُ‫ي‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬
َ‫ف‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ْر‬‫ي‬َ‫خ‬ ِّ‫ه‬ِّ‫ب‬ ُ َّ
‫َّللا‬
ِّ‫ين‬ِّ‫الد‬ ‫ي‬ِّ‫ف‬ ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ه‬ِّ‫ق‬
.
‘Whomever Allah wishes good for, he gives them a deep understanding
of the religion.’ Bukhārī (71); Muslim (1037).

11. Hadiths
Heirs of the Prophets:
ََِّّ‫إ‬
ِّ‫ب‬ْ‫ن‬َ ْ
‫اْل‬ ُ َ‫ث‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫و‬ َ‫ء‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ال‬
ِّ‫اء‬َ‫ي‬
.
‘The scholars are the heirs of the prophets.’ Tirmidhī (2682); Abū Dāwūd (3641);
Ibn Mājah (223).

12. Hadiths
Easy Path to Paradise:
...
َ‫ك‬َ‫ل‬َ‫س‬
ُ‫ط‬ ْ‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ق‬‫ي‬ ِّ
‫ر‬َ‫ط‬ ِّ‫ه‬ِّ‫ب‬ ُ َّ
‫َّللا‬
ِّ‫ق‬ُ‫ر‬
ِّ َّ‫ن‬َ‫ج‬ْ‫ال‬
.
‘He will travel one of the paths of Paradise.’

13. Hadiths
Assistance of the Angels:
...
ْ‫ج‬َ‫أ‬ ُ‫ع‬َ‫ض‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬ َ َ‫ك‬ِّ‫ك‬ َ
‫ئا‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ال‬ ََِّّ‫إ‬ َ‫و‬
ِِِّّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ََِّ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ًً ِّ
‫ر‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ح‬ِّ‫ن‬
ِّ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬ِّ‫ع‬ْ‫ال‬
.
‘The Angels spread their wings for a student of knowledge because Allah
is Pleased with him.’

14. Hadiths
Istighfar of Creation:
َ‫ل‬ ُ‫ر‬ِّ‫ف‬ْ‫غ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫م‬ِّ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ال‬ ََِّّ‫إ‬ َ‫و‬
َ ْ
‫اْل‬ َ‫و‬ ِّ‫ت‬‫ا‬ َ‫و‬َ‫م‬َّ‫س‬‫ال‬ ‫ي‬ِّ‫ف‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫ه‬
ِّ
‫ض‬ ْ‫ر‬
ِّ‫ف‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِّ‫ف‬ َُ‫ا‬َ‫ت‬‫ي‬ ِّ‫ح‬ْ‫ال‬ َ‫و‬
ِّ‫اء‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ال‬
.
‘All those in the heavens and the earth, even the fish in the depths of the
sea, seek forgiveness for the scholar.’

15. Hadiths
Full Moon:
َ‫ع‬ْ‫ال‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ِّ‫م‬ِّ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ال‬ َ‫ل‬ْ‫ض‬َ‫ف‬ ََِّّ‫إ‬ َ‫و‬
ِّ
‫ر‬َ‫م‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ال‬ ِّ‫ل‬ْ‫ض‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ك‬ ِّ‫د‬ِّ‫ب‬‫ا‬
ِّ
‫ر‬ْ‫د‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ال‬ َ َ‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬
ِّ
‫ر‬ِّ‫ك‬‫ا‬َ‫س‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬
ِِِّّ‫ك‬‫ا‬ َ‫و‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ال‬
.
‘The superiority of a scholar over a worshipper is like the superiority of a
full moon over all the stars.’

16. Hadiths
Inheritance of the Prophets:
ُ‫ث‬ ِّ
‫ر‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ي‬ ْ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫ء‬‫ا‬َ‫ي‬ِّ‫ب‬ْ‫ن‬َ ْ
‫اْل‬ ََِّّ‫إ‬ َ‫و‬
َّ‫ر‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ً‫م‬َ‫ه‬ ْ‫ر‬ِّ‫د‬ َ
‫َل‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ً‫َار‬‫ن‬‫ي‬ِّ‫د‬ ‫وا‬
َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬ِّ‫ع‬ْ‫ال‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ث‬
ٍ
‫ر‬ِّ‫ف‬‫ا‬ َ‫و‬ ٍ‫ظ‬َ‫ح‬ِّ‫ب‬ َ‫ذ‬َ‫خ‬َ‫أ‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫خ‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫ف‬
.
‘The prophets have not left behind dinars or dirhams; rather, they have
bequeathed knowledge. So whoever takes it has taken a plentiful share.’
Abū Dāwūd (3641); Tirmidhī (2682); Ibn Mājah (223).

17. Hadiths
A challenge for Shaytan:
ََْ‫ي‬َّ‫ش‬‫ال‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُّ‫د‬َ‫ش‬َ‫أ‬ ٌ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِّ‫ق‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫و‬
ٍ‫د‬ِّ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ ِّ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬ َِّ‫ا‬
.
‘A single scholar is more troublesome for Satan than a thousand
worshippers.’ Dāraquṭnī, Sunan (3085); Ṭabarānī, Awsaṭ (194/6).

18. Statements of the Pious Predecessors
ʽAlī (Allah be pleased with him) said, ‘It is sufficient as an honour for
knowledge that those not suited to it try to claim it and are pleased when
it is attributed to them. And it is sufficient as a disgrace for ignorance that
those engulfed in it try to distance themselves from it.’
Abū ’l-Aswad al-Du’alī said, ‘There is nothing more powerful than
knowledge. Kings are the rulers of the people and the scholars are the
rulers of the kings.’

19. Statements of the Pious Predecessors
Muʽādh (Allah be pleased with him) said, ‘Study knowledge; for to study it
is a good deed, to seek it is worship, to revise it is glorification of Allah, to
research it is to struggle in His way, to offer it to someone brings you
closer to Him and to teach it to one who does not know is charity.’
Shāfiʽī said, ‘If the practicing jurists cannot be called the friends of Allah,
then Allah has no friends.’

20. Statements of the Pious Predecessors
Abū Dharr and Abū Hurayrah (Allah be pleased with them) would say, ‘To
study a chapter of knowledge is more beloved to us than a thousand
voluntary units of prayer. And to teach one chapter of knowledge –
whether or not it is acted upon - is more beloved to us then a hundred
voluntary units of prayer.’

21. Criteria of a Scholar
Knowledge demands respect
Knowledge has ghayrah
The more reverence you show
So…
Not applicable to ulama zur
Only applicable to taqwa

22. Criteria of a Scholar
We cannot all be completely prefect
But…
• Do not be persistent
• Always return back to Allah