This document contains notes on various topics related to diversity and ethnicity including:
1) Workplaces do not reflect the diverse nature of society and ethnic minorities are underrepresented in better paid jobs.
2) Stereotypes that are associated with different ethnic groups such as family bonds and strong values for Asians but crime for Black British.
3) The 1970s sitcom "Love Thy Neighbour" portrayed offensive stereotypes of Black British people and reinforced racial divides and ideologies through jokes and laughter tracks.
4) Black ethnic minority writers are underrepresented and stereotypical dramas can give damaging portrayals of Black people and reinforce prejudices. More positive representations are needed.
Black Americans/African American autobiographies have brought to fore the racial discrimination. Autobiographies of Booker T. Washington, Du Bois, Richard Wright and Gordon parks have highlighted this discrimination and the racial consciousness. These autobiographies are protest documents and express an intense urge for emancipation.
Since the end of the Civil Rights Movement, large numbers of black people have made their way into
settings previously occupied only by whites, though their reception has been mixed. Overwhelmingly white
neighborhoods, schools, workplaces, restaurants, and other public spaces remain. Blacks perceive such
settings as “the white space,” which they often consider to be informally “off limits” for people like them.
Meanwhile, despite the growth of an enormous black middle class, many whites assume that the natural
black space is that destitute and fearsome locality so commonly featured in the public media, including
popular books, music and videos, and the TV news—the iconic ghetto. White people typically avoid black
space, but black people are required to navigate the white space as a condition of their existence.
Ideal for classroom presentations about racism.
What is Racism? How many kinds of Racism are there? Are there laws against Racism? What should you do? All your answers about Racism can be found in this presentation.
The report was submitted for the course "Sociology" at IIIT-Delhi in collaboration with Shubham Singhal and Deepanker Agarwal under the guidance of Dr. Duru Arun Kumar.
The report explains racism,its causes, its effect and people's attitude towards racism.
European journal of American studies 14-1 2019Specia.docxpauline234567
European journal of American studies
14-1 | 2019
Special Issue: Race Matters: 1968 as Living History in
the Black Freedom Struggle
The Black Arts Movement Reprise: Television and
Black Art in the 21st Century
Jeffrey O.G. Ogbar
Electronic version
URL: http://journals.openedition.org/ejas/14366
DOI: 10.4000/ejas.14366
ISSN: 1991-9336
Publisher
European Association for American Studies
Electronic reference
Jeffrey O.G. Ogbar, « The Black Arts Movement Reprise: Television and Black Art in the 21st Century »,
European journal of American studies [Online], 14-1 | 2019, Online since 05 April 2019, connection on 12
July 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ejas/14366 ; DOI : 10.4000/ejas.14366
This text was automatically generated on 12 July 2019.
Creative Commons License
The Black Arts Movement Reprise:
Television and Black Art in the 21st
Century
Jeffrey O.G. Ogbar
“How much longer are they gonna treat us like animals? The American correctional
system is built on the backs of our brothers, our fathers and our sons. How much
longer? It's a system that must be dismantled piece by piece if we are to live up to
those words that we recite with our hands on our hearts. Justice for all. Not justice
for some, but justice for all. How much longer?”—Cookie Lyons, “Empire” (2015)
“[The] artist’s role is to raise the consciousness of the people….Otherwise I don’t
know why you do it.”—Amiri Baraka1
1 In 1969, Larry Neal, one of the most visible black writers of his generation, emerged as a
chief exponent of a new artistic movement that was unfolding alongside the Black Power
Movement. For those curious about it, he explained that art had a critical role in the
Black Freedom Movement2 as a force to complement grassroots activism and political
struggle. Black artists were intimately connected to, and profoundly aware of, the black
freedom struggle; and their work reflected this familiarity. “The Black Arts Movement,”
Neal noted,
is radically opposed to any concept of the artist that alienates him from his
community. The movement…speaks directly to the needs and aspirations of black
America. In order to perform the task, the Black Arts Movement proposes a radical
reordering of the Western cultural aesthetic. It proposes a separate symbolism,
mythology, critique, and iconography.3
2 Throughout the United States a new black mood coalesced around aesthetes who
formulated new and audacious articulations of identity and politics that resonated with
wider black America. The Black Arts Movement (BAM) would have an indelible impact on
the cultural landscape of the country. It transformed the arts and literature in
innumerable ways from theatre, to murals, fashion, and more.
3 A half-century after Neal’s decree, there has been an unprecedented explosion of black
arts in the United States, exceeding the depth, scope, reach and influence of the BAM,
The Black Arts Movement Repr.
Black Americans/African American autobiographies have brought to fore the racial discrimination. Autobiographies of Booker T. Washington, Du Bois, Richard Wright and Gordon parks have highlighted this discrimination and the racial consciousness. These autobiographies are protest documents and express an intense urge for emancipation.
Since the end of the Civil Rights Movement, large numbers of black people have made their way into
settings previously occupied only by whites, though their reception has been mixed. Overwhelmingly white
neighborhoods, schools, workplaces, restaurants, and other public spaces remain. Blacks perceive such
settings as “the white space,” which they often consider to be informally “off limits” for people like them.
Meanwhile, despite the growth of an enormous black middle class, many whites assume that the natural
black space is that destitute and fearsome locality so commonly featured in the public media, including
popular books, music and videos, and the TV news—the iconic ghetto. White people typically avoid black
space, but black people are required to navigate the white space as a condition of their existence.
Ideal for classroom presentations about racism.
What is Racism? How many kinds of Racism are there? Are there laws against Racism? What should you do? All your answers about Racism can be found in this presentation.
The report was submitted for the course "Sociology" at IIIT-Delhi in collaboration with Shubham Singhal and Deepanker Agarwal under the guidance of Dr. Duru Arun Kumar.
The report explains racism,its causes, its effect and people's attitude towards racism.
European journal of American studies 14-1 2019Specia.docxpauline234567
European journal of American studies
14-1 | 2019
Special Issue: Race Matters: 1968 as Living History in
the Black Freedom Struggle
The Black Arts Movement Reprise: Television and
Black Art in the 21st Century
Jeffrey O.G. Ogbar
Electronic version
URL: http://journals.openedition.org/ejas/14366
DOI: 10.4000/ejas.14366
ISSN: 1991-9336
Publisher
European Association for American Studies
Electronic reference
Jeffrey O.G. Ogbar, « The Black Arts Movement Reprise: Television and Black Art in the 21st Century »,
European journal of American studies [Online], 14-1 | 2019, Online since 05 April 2019, connection on 12
July 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ejas/14366 ; DOI : 10.4000/ejas.14366
This text was automatically generated on 12 July 2019.
Creative Commons License
The Black Arts Movement Reprise:
Television and Black Art in the 21st
Century
Jeffrey O.G. Ogbar
“How much longer are they gonna treat us like animals? The American correctional
system is built on the backs of our brothers, our fathers and our sons. How much
longer? It's a system that must be dismantled piece by piece if we are to live up to
those words that we recite with our hands on our hearts. Justice for all. Not justice
for some, but justice for all. How much longer?”—Cookie Lyons, “Empire” (2015)
“[The] artist’s role is to raise the consciousness of the people….Otherwise I don’t
know why you do it.”—Amiri Baraka1
1 In 1969, Larry Neal, one of the most visible black writers of his generation, emerged as a
chief exponent of a new artistic movement that was unfolding alongside the Black Power
Movement. For those curious about it, he explained that art had a critical role in the
Black Freedom Movement2 as a force to complement grassroots activism and political
struggle. Black artists were intimately connected to, and profoundly aware of, the black
freedom struggle; and their work reflected this familiarity. “The Black Arts Movement,”
Neal noted,
is radically opposed to any concept of the artist that alienates him from his
community. The movement…speaks directly to the needs and aspirations of black
America. In order to perform the task, the Black Arts Movement proposes a radical
reordering of the Western cultural aesthetic. It proposes a separate symbolism,
mythology, critique, and iconography.3
2 Throughout the United States a new black mood coalesced around aesthetes who
formulated new and audacious articulations of identity and politics that resonated with
wider black America. The Black Arts Movement (BAM) would have an indelible impact on
the cultural landscape of the country. It transformed the arts and literature in
innumerable ways from theatre, to murals, fashion, and more.
3 A half-century after Neal’s decree, there has been an unprecedented explosion of black
arts in the United States, exceeding the depth, scope, reach and influence of the BAM,
The Black Arts Movement Repr.
The Good News, newsletter for June 2024 is hereNoHo FUMC
Our monthly newsletter is available to read online. We hope you will join us each Sunday in person for our worship service. Make sure to subscribe and follow us on YouTube and social media.
Why is this So? ~ Do Seek to KNOW (English & Chinese).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma teaching of Kamma-Vipaka (Intentional Actions-Ripening Effects).
A Presentation for developing morality, concentration and wisdom and to spur us to practice the Dhamma diligently.
The texts are in English and Chinese.
Discover various methods for clearing negative entities from your space and spirit, including energy clearing techniques, spiritual rituals, and professional assistance. Gain practical knowledge on how to implement these techniques to restore peace and harmony. For more information visit here: https://www.reikihealingdistance.com/negative-entity-removal/
The Chakra System in our body - A Portal to Interdimensional Consciousness.pptxBharat Technology
each chakra is studied in greater detail, several steps have been included to
strengthen your personal intention to open each chakra more fully. These are designed
to draw forth the highest benefit for your spiritual growth.
The Book of Joshua is the sixth book in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament, and is the first book of the Deuteronomistic history, the story of Israel from the conquest of Canaan to the Babylonian exile.
In Jude 17-23 Jude shifts from piling up examples of false teachers from the Old Testament to a series of practical exhortations that flow from apostolic instruction. He preserves for us what may well have been part of the apostolic catechism for the first generation of Christ-followers. In these instructions Jude exhorts the believer to deal with 3 different groups of people: scoffers who are "devoid of the Spirit", believers who have come under the influence of scoffers and believers who are so entrenched in false teaching that they need rescue and pose some real spiritual risk for the rescuer. In all of this Jude emphasizes Jesus' call to rescue straying sheep, leaving the 99 safely behind and pursuing the 1.
2 Peter 3: Because some scriptures are hard to understand and some will force them to say things God never intended, Peter warns us to take care.
https://youtu.be/nV4kGHFsEHw
Exploring the Mindfulness Understanding Its Benefits.pptxMartaLoveguard
Slide 1: Title: Exploring the Mindfulness: Understanding Its Benefits
Slide 2: Introduction to Mindfulness
Mindfulness, defined as the conscious, non-judgmental observation of the present moment, has deep roots in Buddhist meditation practice but has gained significant popularity in the Western world in recent years. In today's society, filled with distractions and constant stimuli, mindfulness offers a valuable tool for regaining inner peace and reconnecting with our true selves. By cultivating mindfulness, we can develop a heightened awareness of our thoughts, feelings, and surroundings, leading to a greater sense of clarity and presence in our daily lives.
Slide 3: Benefits of Mindfulness for Mental Well-being
Practicing mindfulness can help reduce stress and anxiety levels, improving overall quality of life.
Mindfulness increases awareness of our emotions and teaches us to manage them better, leading to improved mood.
Regular mindfulness practice can improve our ability to concentrate and focus our attention on the present moment.
Slide 4: Benefits of Mindfulness for Physical Health
Research has shown that practicing mindfulness can contribute to lowering blood pressure, which is beneficial for heart health.
Regular meditation and mindfulness practice can strengthen the immune system, aiding the body in fighting infections.
Mindfulness may help reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity by reducing stress and improving overall lifestyle habits.
Slide 5: Impact of Mindfulness on Relationships
Mindfulness can help us better understand others and improve communication, leading to healthier relationships.
By focusing on the present moment and being fully attentive, mindfulness helps build stronger and more authentic connections with others.
Mindfulness teaches us how to be present for others in difficult times, leading to increased compassion and understanding.
Slide 6: Mindfulness Techniques and Practices
Focusing on the breath and mindful breathing can be a simple way to enter a state of mindfulness.
Body scan meditation involves focusing on different parts of the body, paying attention to any sensations and feelings.
Practicing mindful walking and eating involves consciously focusing on each step or bite, with full attention to sensory experiences.
Slide 7: Incorporating Mindfulness into Daily Life
You can practice mindfulness in everyday activities such as washing dishes or taking a walk in the park.
Adding mindfulness practice to daily routines can help increase awareness and presence.
Mindfulness helps us become more aware of our needs and better manage our time, leading to balance and harmony in life.
Slide 8: Summary: Embracing Mindfulness for Full Living
Mindfulness can bring numerous benefits for physical and mental health.
Regular mindfulness practice can help achieve a fuller and more satisfying life.
Mindfulness has the power to change our perspective and way of perceiving the world, leading to deeper se
2. Diversity and Ethnicity
There is diversity within our culture; however, this is not always represented
in all aspects of our culture.
One area that doesn‟t reflect a diverse nature of society is work places.
People from ethnic minority backgrounds are under represented in betterpaid and powerful jobs.
Catergorising People
1.
Black British
2.
White Caucasian
3.
Chinese, Japanese and Korean Asian
4.
Indian and Pakistani Asian
5.
Hispanic
3. Stereotypes
Hispanic – family bonds, tradition, cooking
Black (British) – angry, thugs, violent, „n‟ word
White caucasion – across spectrum, resist stereotypes
Asian China Korea and Japan –
tradition, nerdy, intelligent, parent pressure, wealthy or
not, takeaway
Asian India and Pakistan – take away, corner shop, strong
family values, crime (sexual assault).
4. Notes on: Love Thy Neighbour
Love Thy Neighbour was a British sitcom that was around from 1972 until 1976. Within this time period there were seven series.
The drama was about two working class couples of different ethnicities a white British and a black British couple. Within the
programme, although this was the first introduction of black actors appearing regularly on television, there were some strong
underlining representation of ethnic minority groups that would be considered offensive.
An example of this is in season 3 episode 1 (the GPO) where Barbie begins to make racist comments about the colour of their
skin, claiming that this is acceptable for her to do as it would only be offensive if said by a white person. Barbie says “you know
Bill, I‟ve been thinking. In future, I‟m going to buy you black socks.” Bill asks, “Why?” to which Barbie replies “so that when you get
a hole in them it won‟t show.” Bill disapproves of her comments and discovers that Barbie has heard this joke (and others) from
comedians. Barbie justifies that this isn‟t offensive because they also make jokes about white people, and Bill says that it still isn‟t
fair because “they deserve it”. This gives a bad representation of black ethnic groups, Bill, considered a representative of this
group, is shown to be racist toward white people.
There is clearly a divide between ethnic groups in the programme, as when their phone arrives, the white man that sets up their
phone insists black is not a colour, where as white is. This implies that black people do not belong to the same class as white
people, as their skin is not even regarded as a colour. This suggestion of racism would have reinforced the underlining ideologies
that may have been held by many white British during the 1970s, where racism was less apparent than it had been
before, however still clearly present.
Although the binary opposition in this programme is often shown as being between the husband and wife of the two
couples, there are subtle implications that it is between the black and white couple. This is especially shown by Bill referring to
their neighbour, Eddie as “white hunky,” with “the lowest tastes possible”. Also, when Barbie discovers that they are sharing their
phone line with their white neighbours, her and Bill argue as to who is going to tell them this, showing that they don‟t enjoy
communication with the other couple, reinforcing the divide between black and white British people.
The sitcom represents the ethnic minority group of black British people as an acceptable group to mock. When the phone installer
man leaves, he turns to Bill and says “don‟t make too many calls to Africa will you?” Many of the racist jokes made are followed
by canned laughter, this is meant to encourage audiences watching to laugh at what has been said, reinforcing ideologies that
were going out of date.
5. Notes on: The Independent –
Bonnie Greer
BME (black ethnic minority groups) television writers are
being denied work, the last original black-authored drama
series, Black Silk, premiered back in 1985.
BME writers are only accepted when they are young or
under a certain age.
Television needs to wake up to minorities before it ends
up in a museum.
6. Notes on: Daily Mail – Lindsay
Johns
Intelligent and sentient people should all strongly dislike urban black ghetto dramas.
These dramas give a damaging stereotype of black people, they portray only one
reality for black people compared to other, more positive realities that the black British
experience. But these are never depicted on televisions.
Top boy would serve a great ammunition for people who are racist:
guns, hoodies, drugs and violence. It is written by a white Irishman called Ronan
Benentt.
Frustration due to the fact that white people are writing a drama about black people
using offensive stereotypes.
Violence and gang culture are glorified, which is not something that should be
accepted easily. These things can only increase the chance of this behaviour
occurring in young people.
Black lower classes are portrayed unfairly – using street slang, rap music, fast cars
and baggy jeans.
7. Notes on: TV Tropes
Stereotypes
Afro Asskicker
African terrorist
Black dude dies first
Sassy black woman
Nerdy Asian
Urban Ghetto
Identical looking Asians
“N” word privileges
Imperturbable English
8. Notes on: The Guardian Homeland
High profile Muslims in the US helpers of the al-Qadia terrorist leader.
Arabs and Islamists portrayed as violent fanatics, who are powerful and influential
infiltrators.
It is crude, childish and offensive in the way it depicts Arabs and Islamists.
How we portray the “other” – those whom we fear or are suspicious of – reinforces
cultures of conflict.
Arabs since the 1920‟s depicted as either being bombers, belly dancers or
billionaires.
African Americans most negatively stereotyped according to studies.
Homeland reflects cultural and social anxieties, reinforcing them and shaping them.
Counter stereotypical fictional depictions can have a positive impact.
9. Notes on: Art Lab – David
Gauntlett races in the media
We construct our understanding within an ideology, we speak through an ideology and that ideology
enables us to make sense of our social reality and our position within it.
Ideologies become natural and ideologically motivated representations become common sense.
Media has the power to shape and control beliefs, attitudes and understandings concerning race.
Attitudes of whites towards non-whites are influenced by media representation.
Study revealed that although white participants acknowledged stereotypical representations of ethnic
minority groups on television, they continued attributing these negative characteristics to ethnic minorities in
real life.
For a majority of white people with no direct experience of black culture, their attitudes are based on the
media.
Studies indicate that the media plays a key role in attitude formation, they select the information that the
public receive, and that selection is ideologically motivated.
Images of blackness don‟t represent the social reality of being black, instead they position us into a way of
thinking about blackness.
10. Notes on Top Boy: Episode
1
Setting established in shots, Urban city area, council flats.
Police sirens, implications of crime.
Multi cultural area, main focus on black British men.
Hoodies, suspicious behaviour, drug
dealing, slang, guns, violence, swearing, gang
involvement, poverty, multiple phones, mental
illness, instability.
This television programme feeds stereotypical prejudices
held by white audiences, reinforcing offensive ideologies.
For example, the idea that black British are members of
gangs and live in urban city areas.
11. Notes on: Line of Duty - Advert
Antony Gates, successful, powerful chief inspector
detective.
Family man, children run to him and hug him.
Kissing two different women?
Aggressive, violent and portrayed as dangerous.
Telling someone to kill someone.
Antony depicts black people as deceitful, seeming nice on
the surface but being much darker inside.