This document discusses ethics in research and provides an overview of key ethical concepts and review bodies. It outlines the main ethical principles in research, which include voluntary participation, informed consent, anonymity, confidentiality, minimizing harm, and communicating results. Ethical guidelines ensure research has social or scientific value, is scientifically valid, involves fair participant selection, and minimizes risks while maximizing benefits. Institutional review boards and health research ethics committees protect participants and researchers by reviewing research proposals. The National Health Research Ethics Committee in Nigeria oversees nationwide research and resolves disputes regarding ethical codes. Other regulatory agencies provide additional oversight of research.