This document discusses ethical hacking and different types of hackers. It covers white hat hackers who perform ethical hacking and penetration testing to improve security, black hat hackers who conduct hacking for illegal purposes, and grey hat hackers who are in between. The document also outlines the steps hackers take including reconnaissance, scanning, gaining access, maintaining access, and clearing tracks. It provides information on IP address ranges, tracing IP addresses, email protocols, proxy servers, and security considerations.

1. ETHICAL HACKING

2. Contents
• Introduction to hacking
• Types of hackers
• Classification of hackers
• Steps performed by a hacker
• IP address ranges
• Tracing of IP address
• Email Protocol
• Proxy Servers
• Security
• Conclusion

3. Introduction to Hacking
Hacking: An art as well as a skill depending on a person’s
knowledge and skill.
Hacking
Positive
Negative
Ethical Hacking: Penetration testing focusing on
securing and protecting IT systems.

4. • White Hat Hacker
• Black Hat Hacker
• Grey Hat Hacker
Types of Hackers

5. White Hat Hacker
• Perform Ethical Hacking
• Have knowledge of hacking and hacker
toolset
• Locate security weaknesses and implement
countermeasures
• Also known as Penetration Tester
• Focus on securing and protecting IT systems

6. Black Hat Hacker
• Perform unethical hacking
• Are criminal hackers or crackers
• Use their skills for illegal or malicious purposes
• Focus on Security Cracking and Data Stealing

7. Grey Hat Hacker
• Sometimes acts legally and sometimes not
• Do not hack for personal gain
• Do not have malicious intentions
• May occasionally commit crimes
• Are hybrid between White Hat and Black Hat
Hackers

8. Classification of hackers
• Have ability to find unique vulnerability
• Have deep understanding of OSI Layer
Model and TCP/IP Stacks
Coders
• Have experience with os
• Exploit existing vulnerabilities
Admin
• Use scripts and programs developed by
others
• Can cause serious problems
Script
Kiddies

9. Steps Performed by a Hacker
Reconnais
sance
Scanning
Gaining
access
Maintaining
access
Clearing
tracks

10. Reconnaissance
• Google
• Samspade
• Email tracker and visual route
Scanning
• War dialing and pingers
• Port scanning
• Enumeration

11. Password Cracking
• Dictionary Cracking
• Brute Force Cracking
• Hybrid Cracking
• Social Engineering
• Metasploit
• Man in the middle attack

12. Maintaining access
•Key stroke loggers
•Trojan horses
•Backdoors
•Wrappers

13. classes ranges
Class-a 0000.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255
Class-b 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
Class-c 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
Class-d 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
Class-e 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255
IP ADDRESS RANGES

14. get IP address and location .
Click on getsoures.
Paste it to the header section
Click on Trace email
Open www. What is my ip address.com
Copy the header from written path.
Show original
Click on email msg.
TRACING OF IP ADDRESS

15. • Denial of service
• Interception
• Manipulation
• Masquerading
• Repudiation
SECURITY THREATS

16. Proxy Server
• Intermediary between a workstation user and the internet
• Hackers use the proxy server on the internet to make their identity
invisible to the target.
Internet Proxy Server Router/Switch
LAN
PC
2nd PC
Wireless
connection

17. Types of proxies:
Proxy
Anonymous
Simple Distorting
Transparent Elite

18. • Confidentiality
• Integrity
• Availability
• Use antivirus.
• Proper logout after use of email id.
• Don’t open spam.
• Password protected admin account.
SECURITY

19. • “To catch a thief think like a thief
similarly To catch a hacker think
like a hacker”.
CONCLUSION