ETHC 101 Discussion Board Reply Grading Rubric Criteria Levels of Achievement Content 70% Advanced Proficient Developing Not Present Points Earned Word Count 15 points Word count is between 500 and 600 words. 11 to 14 points Word count exceeds 600 words. 1 to 10 points Word count is less than 500 words. 0 points Not present Style 10 points Reply offers constructive feedback to a classmate in a manner that is polite, rationally argued, and not overly emotional. 7 or 9 points Reply offers constructive feedback to a classmate but with some deficiency of politeness, reasonableness, and/or dispassion. 1 to 6 points Reply offers little to no constructive feedback, and/or is strongly impolite, and/or is very emotional. 0 points The post is not a reply (it is off-topic). Understanding 10 points Reply utilizes many of the concepts and technical vocabulary taught in the class in a manner that demonstrates accurate understanding. 7 to 9 points Reply utilizes some of the concepts and technical vocabulary taught in the class in a manner that demonstrates accurate understanding. 1 to 6 points Reply utilizes some of the concepts and technical vocabulary taught in the class but sometimes in ways that suggest that they are not correctly understood. 0 points Reply does not utilize the concepts and technical vocabulary taught in the class. Structure 30% Advanced Proficient Developing Not Present Points Earned Spelling, Punctuation, and Grammar 10 points Reply is written in paragraph form and is devoid of spelling, punctuation, and grammar errors. 7 or 9 points Reply is not written in paragraph form and/or has occasional spelling, punctuation, and grammar errors. 1 to 6 points Reply is not written in paragraph form and has numerous spelling, punctuation, and grammar problems. 0 points Not present Turabian formatting 5 points Direct references and/or allusions to outside resources (such as the textbooks) are present and are cited using footnotes in current Turabian format. 4 points Direct references and/or allusions to outside resources (such as the textbooks) are present but are cited otherwise than using footnotes in current Turabian format. 1 to 3 points Direct references and/or allusions to outside resources (such as the textbooks) are present but the sources are not cited. (Note: if plagiarism is present, that requires additional corrective action.) 0 points No direct references and/or allusions to outside resources are present. Total /50 Instructor's Comments: Page 1 of 1 For this untimed, open-resource essay exam, answer each question thoroughly and clearly, and ground it in course reading material. Essay answers must be more than 3 or 4 brief sentences, but kept within the bounds of an essay exam (4 - 6 paragraphs). All your writing must be in your own words. Paraphrase (restate what you read) rather than copying material from the course textbook or the Internet.  No copying is permitted in this course and doing so will result in zero points on th.

1. ETHC 101
Discussion Board Reply Grading Rubric
Criteria
Levels of Achievement
Content 70%
Advanced
Proficient
Developing
Not Present
Points Earned
Word Count
15 points
Word count is between 500 and 600 words.
11 to 14 points
Word count exceeds 600 words.
1 to 10 points
Word count is less than 500 words.
0 points
Not present
Style
10 points
Reply offers constructive feedback to a classmate in a manner
that is polite, rationally argued, and not overly emotional.
7 or 9 points
Reply offers constructive feedback to a classmate but with some
deficiency of politeness, reasonableness, and/or dispassion.
1 to 6 points
Reply offers little to no constructive feedback, and/or is
strongly impolite, and/or is very emotional.
0 points
The post is not a reply (it is off-topic).
Understanding

2. 10 points
Reply utilizes many of the concepts and technical vocabulary
taught in the class in a manner that demonstrates accurate
understanding.
7 to 9 points
Reply utilizes some of the concepts and technical vocabulary
taught in the class in a manner that demonstrates accurate
understanding.
1 to 6 points
Reply utilizes some of the concepts and technical vocabulary
taught in the class but sometimes in ways that suggest that they
are not correctly understood.
0 points
Reply does not utilize the concepts and technical vocabulary
taught in the class.
Structure 30%
Advanced
Proficient
Developing
Not Present
Points Earned
Spelling, Punctuation, and Grammar
10 points
Reply is written in paragraph form and is devoid of spelling,
punctuation, and grammar errors.
7 or 9 points
Reply is not written in paragraph form and/or has occasional
spelling, punctuation, and grammar errors.
1 to 6 points
Reply is not written in paragraph form and has numerous
spelling, punctuation, and grammar problems.
0 points
Not present
Turabian formatting

3. 5 points
Direct references and/or allusions to outside resources (such as
the textbooks) are present and are cited using footnotes in
current Turabian format.
4 points
Direct references and/or allusions to outside resources (such as
the textbooks) are present but are cited otherwise than using
footnotes in current Turabian format.
1 to 3 points
Direct references and/or allusions to outside resources (such as
the textbooks) are present but the sources are not cited. (Note:
if plagiarism is present, that requires additional corrective
action.)
0 points
No direct references and/or allusions to outside resources are
present.
Total
/50
Instructor's Comments:
Page 1 of 1
For this untimed, open-resource essay exam, answer each
question thoroughly and clearly, and ground it in course reading
material. Essay answers must be more than 3 or 4 brief
sentences, but kept within the bounds of an essay exam (4 - 6
paragraphs). All your writing must be in your own words.
Paraphrase (restate what you read) rather than copying material
from the course textbook or the Internet. No copying is
permitted in this course and doing so will result in zero points
on the exam. Answers must be written in narrative, paragraph
form. Lists and/or sentence fragments also will not receive
points.

4. Question 1 of 5
20.0 Points
Explain how a personality develops through shaping and
conditioning.
Question 2 of 5
20.0 Points
Imagine that TWO of the theorists below were invited to speak
at a symposium on personality theory development and are both
on the stage. Someone in the audience raises her hand and asks,
"So what do you think was your theory's greatest contribution to
our current understanding of human personality?" What would
each of the theorists you chose say in answer to the question?
Choose from among Freud, Jung, Adler, Rogers, and Horney.
Question 3 of 5
20.0 Points
What did you learn about your own personality from this
course. What “spoke” to you…what did you learn about you?
This question will be graded as rigorously as the other four on
the exam, so be sure to support your answer with reference to
the course materials!
Question 4 of 5

5. 20.0 Points
Consider the implications of psychic determinism and what it
means in terms of personality development and manifestation of
personality in adulthood. Do you believe that everything you
think and do is predetermined by earlier experiences? And what
would that mean
for your ability to change and grow?
Question 5 of 5
20.0 Points
Describe Allport’s definition of a mature, adult personality.
Allport described the persona as something vital and internal,
yet external and
false. How can this be?
Shea Wallin
DB - 2
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Utilitarianism and Divine Command
For this discussion, I will be covering and comparing
Utilitarianism and Divine Command. Utilitarianism is a group
of consequentialist theories that supports actions that maximize
happiness and well being for affected individuals. Even Though
they have different qualities, the basic idea behind all of them is
to, in some sense maximize utility. Jeremy Bentham who was
the founder, described utility as “the quality in any object that
produces benefit, happiness, advantage, pleasure, and good to

6. prevent mischief, pain, evil, and unhappiness.” His successor
John Stuart Mill glamorized the word ‘utilitarianism.’ The idea
of happiness as an end to humans has been recognized for a long
time. Utilitarianism states that the consequences of any action
are the only standard of right and wrong, unlike egoism because
it considers all the interests of humans equally. Hedonists
Epicurus and Aristippus viewed happiness as the only form of
good. Jeremy Bentham created a method on how to calculate
the values of pains and pleasures which has come to be known
as hedonic calculus. Bentham found that it is necessary to
consider the severity and number of people affected by that
action. John Stuart Mill proved the principle of utilitarianism by
stating that “it is possible to produce anything that is desirable
if he believes it is attainable and because everyone desires their
own form of happiness.” Philosophers have developed new
theories on utilitarianism thinking such as ideal utilitarianism,
act and rule utilitarianism, two-level utilitarianism, and
preference utilitarianism. There have been some criticisms
about utilitarianism such as the inability to quantify, compare,
or measure happiness and well-being. Since utilitarianism does
not concern setting rules, critics would believe that the theory
ignores justice and an “unjust” criminal justice system wouldn’t
work (Driver, 2014). Divine command theory is a meta-ethical
theory proposing that in order to be moral you have to follow
God’s commands. Followers of both monotheistic and
polytheistic in ancient and modern times have supported the
divine command theory. Numerous versions of the theory have
been presented by historical and modern figures. Robert Adams
says God’s moral commands are linked to people’s conceptions
of right and wrong and Linda Zagzebski says moral conduct
comes from God’s motivations rather than commands. Some
critics have argued that being "commanded by God" and being
"obligatory" are two different things and that it isn’t right to
prompt people to be moral with impure motivations (Michael,
Austin). Both of these theories combined can help shape our
views and attitudes which increases the quality of our conduct

7. in the workplace (Lloyd, 2015). Divine command theory gives
us the basis to determine if our actions are morally correct and
utilitarianism allows us to weigh our options to determine our
best outcome. Both are similar because listening to God’s
commands brings eternal pleasure and happiness. A lot of God’s
divine moral commands are based on human happiness which is
the basis and end result of utilitarianism (Flannagan, 2018). I
believe that the divine command theory is stronger because it
focuses on the act more than the outcome. In order to have
positive results from a moral act or God’s command, you need
to focus on the act first. You have to work hard to be successful
and to be able to do the things that you want in life to bring you
that happiness, which is also what God wants for you. It’s good
to set a goal but your focus needs to be in the present tense
first. Philippians 2:13 says “For it is God who works in you,
both to will and work for his good pleasure (Smith, 2020).”
God’s commands also prevent you from getting into any bad
situations like getting in trouble with the law or making bad
decisions that take you down a wrong path in your life. If you
are currently facing issues in life that are preventing you from
reaching your goals, one of the best things you can do is to turn
to God for help or read the Bible and seek advice from that.
Divine command theory also has stricter rule guidelines
compared to utilitarianism which I believe is essential because
you can't cheat in life to gain happiness and there should be
punishments for immoral behavior. Divine command theory can
also help with any distinct personal needs that you require,
unlike utilitarianism that doesn't look at the distinctions
between different people.
References
Smith, Stephen (2020, May 13) “100 Bible Verses About The

8. Principles of God” www.openbible.info
Lloyd, Jennifer (2015, Nov. 25) “Divine Command vs.
Utilitarianism” prezi.com
Flannagan, Matt (2018, Jan. 16) “Divine Command Theory and
Utilitarianism Forgotten Bedfellows?” www.mandm.org
Michael, Austin “Divine Command Theory”
www.iep.utm.edu/divine-c/
Driver, Julia (2014, Sept. 22) “The History of Utilitarianism”
plato.stanford.edu/entries/utilitarianism-history
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