this is all about netiquette

1. Ethics on the Internet
Unit 1Lesson 2

2. Online Safety and Security
In this lesson, you will be able to:
1. Demonstrate understanding of concepts in internet security
and ethics;
2. Utilize online security and safety measures;
3. Apply ethical standards and practices in online transactions
4. Assess instances that breach online safety, security, and
ethical standards; and
5. Value the essence of security and ethics in the use of intern
technology.

3. Online Safety and Security
Online Safety
– Sometimes regarded as e-safety or cyber safety,
refers to the maximization of internet users
knowledge and awareness of safety protocols,
online crimes, and security risks in the private
property and information which are connected to
the use of the internet.

4. Online Safety and Security
Online Safety
– One example of this is when someone creates a
social media account and sets a strong password
with letters, numbers, and symbols. It is deemed as
a strong password when it is uncommon,
unpredictable, or is hard to be determined by
anyone.

5. Online Safety and Security
Online Security
– Online security, on the other hand, refers to the
“rules that are followed and the actions that are
taken to make sure that online users and data
privacy aren’t compromised by cybercriminals,”
(Mocan, 2019).

6. Online Safety and Security
Online Security
– Online Security on the other hand, is designed by
websites and other internet pages to ensure that the
people accessing their sites and pages are protected
from different online risks and danger. For instance,
institutions that allow the creation of online accounts
among their employees may employ encryption
techniques on the personal data, so that it will be hard
for hackers to steal such sensitive data.

7. Online Crimes
Online Crimes
– According to Wikipedia online crime or also known
as Cybercrime is a type of crime involving a
computer or a computer network.[The computer
may have been used in committing the crime, or it
may be the target. Cybercrime may harm someone’s
security or finances.

8. Online Crimes
Examples of Online crimes are
– Cyberbullying
– Identity theft
– Phishing
– Plagiarism and Copyright Infringement.

9. Online Crimes
Cyberbullying
– Republic Act 10627 or The Anti-Bullying Act of 2013 defines
bullying as "any severe or repeated use by one or more
students of a written, verbal or electronic expression, or a
physical act or gesture, or any combination thereof,
directed at another student that has the effect of actually
causing or placing the latter in reasonable fear of physical
or emotional harm or damage to his property; creating a
hostile environment at school, infringing on the rights of
another, of materially or substantially disrupting the
education process."

10. Online Crimes
Cyberbullying
– Any violation of this act is considered as cyberbullying. The
Sec. 3 of the Implementing Rules of RA 10627 states that
cyberbullying's "covers social bullying aiming to belittle
another individual or group or gender-based bullying that
humiliates another on the basis of perceived or sexual
orientation, or gender identity (in dela Cruz 2017)."

11. Online Crimes
Cyberbullying
– Cyberbullying comes in different forms. It can be
• flaming
• Harassment
• Denigration
• Impersonation
• Outing
• trickery
• Exclusion and;
• cyberstalking

12. Online Crimes
Flaming
– an online fight using electronic messages with
angry and vulgar languages. Harassment is
the act of repeatedly sending nasty, mean,
and insulting messages.

13. Online Crimes
Denigration
– is sending or posting gossip or rumours about
a person to damage his or her reputation or
friendships.

14. Online Crimes
Impersonation
– is when someone is pretending to be someone
else and sending or posting material to get
that person in trouble or danger or to damage
that person’s reputation or friendships.

15. Online Crimes
Outing
– is the act of sharing someone’s secrets or
embarrassing information or images online.

16. Online Crimes
Trickery
– is when someone is talking to a person to let
him or her reveal his or her secrets or
embarrassing information and then, shares
the sensitive information online.

17. Online Crimes
Exclusion
– is when one is intentionally or cruelly excluded
from an online group.

18. Online Crimes
Cyberstalking
– is the act of repeated, intense harassment and
denigration that includes threats or creates
significant fear.

19. Online Crimes
Take note
Be cautious when surfing online as cyberbullying may
occur in different online spaces such as in the emails,
chat rooms, social media, blogs, video games, and even
cellular phones. Everyone must be vigilant and careful,
as cyberbullying can affect the victim in many ways.
This may include depression, severe sadness, lowered
self-worth and confidence, stress, absences in school,
and even thoughts of self harm.

20. Online Crimes
Things to do when Cyberbullying is being observed;
– Inform a trusted person. The best people to
talk to are your parents or guardians. It can
also be your teacher or any adult whom you
trust. Tell them of your situation, as they can
guide you on what to do.

21. Online Crimes
Things to do when Cyberbullying is being observed;
– Try not to instigate. When there are mean or cruel
actions done to you, try not to fight back with your
emotions. This will further the bullying. Ignore them
but be proactive.

22. Online Crimes
Things to do when Cyberbullying is being observed;
– Block connection with the bully. Try to cut your
online connection with the bully. If you two are
connected in social media, unfriend or block him or
her.

23. Online Crimes
Things to do when Cyberbullying is being observed;
– Always be aware. It is important that you are
aware of how people treat you online. Knowing
these forms of bullying gives you a hint on whether
these bullying perpetrators are starting to victimize
you. If this is the case, take the necessary steps such
as the ones mentioned earlier.

24. Online Crimes
Things to do when Cyberbullying is being observed;
– Logout from online accounts. Forgetting to logout,
especially from public computers, may give the bully
the opportunity to instigate the crime. Always
ensure that you have properly logged Out.

25. Online Crimes
Things to do when Cyberbullying is being observed;
– Be not a cyberbully. The golden rule, "Do not do to
others what you would not want others to do to
you," must always be observed even in the online
world. As part of ethical practices in surfing the net,
never bully other netizens.

26. Online Crimes
Identity theft
– The US Department of Justice defines "identity
theft" and "identity fraud" as "all types of crimes in
which someone wrongfully obtains and uses
another person's personal data in some way that
involves fraud or deception, typically for economic
gain."

27. Online Crimes
Identity theft
– According to Wikipedia, When someone uses
another person's name, identification number, or
credit card number without that person's consent to
commit fraud or other crimes, it is known as identity
theft, identity piracy, or identity infringement. In
1964, the phrase "identity theft" was first used.

28. Online Crimes
The US Department of Justice further explained that
identity theft and fraud may commonly happen in these
situations:
– When "shoulder surfing" is done by criminals, as you use
online communication in public places, This may come in
events the criminal is watching over you as you dial phone
numbers, or when listening over conversations where they
get private information like credit card number, birthday, or
home address.

29. Online Crimes
The US Department of Justice further explained that
identity theft and fraud may commonly happen in these
situations:
– When you receive pre-approved credit cards but discard
them improperly. From here, criminals may be able to
activate the trashed cards at your expense.

30. Online Crimes
The US Department of Justice further explained that
identity theft and fraud may commonly happen in these
situations:
– When you respond to spam mails or unsolicited emails which
require you to input personal data. The collected data will
later be used to steal other information or to hack your
online accounts.

31. Online Crimes
Practical tips to avoid identity theft and fraud;
– Use a Good Password. Ensure that your account password is
strong. A strong password means that it is long enough,
makes use of mixed types of characters, and should be
relevant and irrelevant. A password that is relevant and
irrelevant means that the password seems random to other
people, but meaningful specifically to the owner. For
example, MMBI*135 which may mean "My Mother's
Birthday Is*11-23-1975," where only the last digits are
taken.

32. Online Crimes
Practical tips to avoid identity theft and fraud;
–it is also advisable to have different relevant and
strong passwords to different online accounts. This is
to further secure existing accounts online. When one
account is hacked with its password, the other
account may be spared. Also, let your password pass
the SURP test: Strong Unique, Recent, and Practical.

33. Online Crimes
Practical tips to avoid identity theft and fraud;
– A strong password means that the password is long enough
and is composed of random letters, numbers, and special
characters. Unique password means that it is not related to
your other passwords. Recent means that it has been
updated lately. Lastly, practical password means that it can
be easily remembered.

34. Online Crimes
Practical tips to avoid identity theft and fraud;
– Report Identity Theft. Violations can be reported to the right
authorities that are responsible for dealing with crimes. On
social media, it can be initially reported to the site, but in
serious cases, the victim may avail legal advice and have this
raised to a court. Identity theft report is helpful in the
following situations:

35. Online Crimes
Practical tips to avoid identity theft and fraud;
–stopping credit companies from letting you pay
fraudulent transactions in your name;
–removing false accounts;
–extending fraud alerts on your account; and
–examining your report to find out the thief.

36. Online Crimes
Phishing
– Oxford Lexico defines phishing as, "the
fraudulent practice of sending emails
purporting to be from reputable companies in
order to induce individuals to reveal personal
information such as passwords and credit card
numbers."

37. Online Crimes
Phishing
– These messages and emails can camouflage as
a congratulatory message for winning. Many
official correspondence texts ask for a digital
signature. Some are official correspondences
that are generic, or urgent mails. Be always on
the lookout for these phishing schemes.

38. Online Crimes
Nevertheless, there are ways to be secured from
phishing attacks. One might consider the
following:
– Be scrutinizing the website that you are logged in.
Many websites that intend to scam internet users
imitate the original sites.

39. Online Crimes
Nevertheless, there are ways to be secured from
phishing attacks. One might consider the
following:
– Be cautious on giving information online. If you are
not sure of the security, do not provide essential and
sensitive information that is unique to you like your
birth date, financial data, passwords, or home
address.

40. Online Crimes
Nevertheless, there are ways to be secured from
phishing attacks. One might consider the
following:
– Be alert with links sent via messages and emails.
These may be schemes to steal your personal
information.

41. Online Crimes
Plagiarism
– The University of Oxford in the UK states that
"plagiarism is presenting someone else's work
or ideas as your own, with or without their
consent, by incorporating it in your work
without full acknowledgment.

42. Online Crimes
Plagiarism
– All published and unpublished material,
whether in manuscript, printed or electronic
form, is covered under this definition.
Plagiarism may be intentional, or reckless, or
unintentional. Under the regulation for
examinations, intentional or reckless plagiarism
is a disciplinary offense.”

43. Online Crimes
Plagiarism
– As to plagiarism, the violation may be one or a
combination of these forms: verbatim quotation
without clear acknowledgment, cutting and pasting
ideas from the internet without proper citation,
paraphrasing without due acknowledgement of the
source, collusion, and failure to attribute assistance
made, and auto plagiarism or resubmission of works
already submitted.

44. Online Crimes
Copyright Infringement
– On the other hand, copyright infringement, as
defined by the US Office of Copyright, “occurs
when a copyrighted work is reproduced,
distributed, performed, publicly displayed, or
made into a derivative work without the
permission of the copyright owner.”

45. Online Crimes
Copyright Infringement
– Broadly, copyright laws cover works in literary,
musical, dramatics, pantomimes and
choreographies, pictorial, graphics and
sculptural, motion pictures and audio-visual,
and sound recordings.

46. Online Crimes
Situation that Fair use is applicable Where citation is not
Necessary Or obligated;
– Works that lack originality,
– public domains or those which copyrights have
expired, or the creator had not registered the
copyright of his or her work, or
– it is owned by the government, or it has been
published before December 31, 1922, (3) freeware,
and
– general facts.

47. Online Crimes
Also, fair use applies to teachers and educators as
long as the use of works adheres to these standards:
– Purpose of use: Is it strictly for educational
purposes?
– Proportion or extent of materials used: Is it
only an excerpt or segment of the work?
– The effect on marketability: Did the use of the
work not affect the sales of that work?

48. Common Internet Security Threats
Many threats are present on the internet. Internet security
threats are dangers that are associated with using the
internet. There are multitude of concepts related to
internet threats, but here are the most common forms
identified by McAfee Corporation.
– Malwares
– Computer worms
– Spam
– Phishing

49. Online Crimes
Malwares
– This is the shortened form of malicious
software. Some of the examples of malware are
computer viruses, worms, and dishonest
spyware.

50. Online Crimes
Computer Worms
– These are programs that can replicate
themselves from one computer to another in
great volume and can spread themselves
rapidly without human intervention.

51. Online Crimes
Spam
– Generally, spam or unwanted messages are
harmless. They are usually junk mails sent in
your email, but there are times that they
contain links that put you at risk. These links
may be connected to malwares that intend to
steal your data.

52. Online Crimes
Spam
– Generally, spam or unwanted messages are
harmless. They are usually junk mails sent in
your email, but there are times that they
contain links that put you at risk. These links
may be connected to malwares that intend to
steal your data.

53. Online Crimes
Phishing
– These scams are created by cybercriminals who
intend to ask for private or elicit information
from their victims.

54. Internet Security Strategies
These strategies may come in the following forms:
–Browser Selection
–Email Security
–Multifactor Authentication (MFA)
–Firewalls

55. Internet Security Strategies
Browser Selection
– Be sure that the browser that you are using is secured. The
browser employs different control settings that protect its
users. Also, the browser uses security architecture that
protects it and its users from various cyber-attacks.
– Among the most trusted browsers that one can use are
Mozilla Firefox, Iridium, Microsoft Edge, Opera, Apple Safari,
Google Chrome, Brave, and Tor.

56. Internet Security Strategies
Email Security
– Try to establish a multi-layered and comprehensive email
security because this will significantly increase protection
from threats associated with email use.
– Exposure to hacking, worms, viruses, and other unwarranted
programs may put you at risk. Messages via email can be
protected by encrypting the message and by encrypting the
communication between servers through cryptography.

57. Internet Security Strategies
Multifactor Authentication (MFA
– This is a process by which computer access is controlled by
requiring several authentication mechanisms. For instance,
before one can transfer funds online from one bank account
to another, he or she is required to login to an online account
that requires a password.

58. Internet Security Strategies
Firewalls
– are the first line of defence among networks. These are
security tools that prevent unauthorized access to a network.
– Thus, it has the capacity to allow or deny access to the
system. By doing so, it protects the network by being
embedded with unwanted data, and it protects the data in
the network from being stolen.

59. Internet Security Strategies
Firewalls
– are the first line of defence among networks. These are
security tools that prevent unauthorized access to a network.
– Thus, it has the capacity to allow or deny access to the
system. By doing so, it protects the network by being
embedded with unwanted data, and it protects the data in
the network from being stolen.

60. Online Ethics and Etiquette
What is Ethics
– Ethics deals with what is good and bad. It is a set of moral
principles that can be taken as a guiding philosophy in life.
– In the context of internet use, the Markkula Center for
Applied Ethics of Santa Clara University defines ethics as,
“the analysis of the role that the internet plays in what
philosophers call the development of good life-the kind of
life that we want for ourselves, for society overall, the kinds
of people we want to be.”

61. Online Ethics and Etiquette
Ethics may deal with this issues
– Privacy
– Big data
– Net Neutrality
– Access to the internet

62. Online Ethics and Etiquette
Privacy
– While internet users are required to provide data for online
transactions, how secure would these data be that cannot be
used against them? Can the government or private
organizations use the internet for surveillance on private
individuals or entities without their knowledge of the matter?

63. Online Ethics and Etiquette
Big data
– Because of the great number of internet users, be it
individually, organizational, governmental, or corporate, big
amounts of data are being collected, managed, and
maintained. These data are important in making thoughtful
decisions. Inquiries on how data are collected, from whom
they are collected, for what purpose these will be used, or
what exclusions are made. These are just some of the many
ethical questions to consider.

64. Online Ethics and Etiquette
Net Neutrality
– This means that all internet providers should give equal
treatment to all contents that flow in their network.

65. Online Ethics and Etiquette
Online Etiquette
– Having considered internet ethics as guiding principles in
using the internet, specific and acceptable conduct must be
observed by the internet users. This acceptable conduct that
adheres to polite behaviours and respectful manners is called
online etiquette.

66. Online Ethics and Etiquette
Here are the ways on how to behave and present yourself
when you are online.
– Always acknowledge owners of ideas and materials used.
– Try to be understanding to a maximum tolerance. Be kind.
– Respect others’ opinions. Deal with everyone with a
humanitarian approach.

67. Online Crimes
To sum it up!!
Always be humanitarian to your fellow netizens.
Show love, respect, kindness, compassion, and
acceptance, but do not forget what is just. Approach
everyone in the best possible ways available. Try
first to put your feet in their shoes and act
accordingly. It always pays off to think before you
act.

68. Online Crimes
Always Remember !!
The best way that you can avoid these crimes is to
be respectful of others’ intellectual properties. When
you use any of other people’s works, be sure that
you will sufficiently acknowledge them and/or
secure permission for using a particular text or
media.