ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. Design concepts of and lessons learned from the SINQ High Power Target Development Programme.

Design Concepts of and Lessons Learned from the
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
SINQ High Power Targets
Aare
by Werner Wagner
Spallation Neutron Source Division ASQ
Paul Scherrer Institut, PSI, Switzerland

Proton accelerator
Neutron Spallation Source
SINQ

Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI G:ER01/standard/2003

Proton beam:
SINQ Targetstation
590 MeV, 51 MHz
2.0-2.2 mA 1.3 MW
on SINQ:
~ 1.4 mA 0.8 MW

Vertical Section of the SINQ Facility
Target bulk shielding


SINQ target development:

The early concept…….



late 1980‘s:

Concept of a
Liquid Metal Target for SINQ

Vision or Fiction?

Ch. Tschalär, W. Fischer, G. Bauer et al.
Presented at ICANS-XI (1990)
Internatl. Collaboration on
Advanced Neutron Sources



outline
• The SINQ solid target
– from early achievments to routine operation
• The MEGAPIE „adventure“
• Recent improvements of the solid target
• The ultimate goal: LIMETS
– a routine liquid metal target for SINQ



SINQ Targetstation

Target bulk shielding


1997-1999
The SINQ Target Mark 2: Solid target with Zircaloy rods
equipped with thermocouples and test specimen rods:
start of STIP, the SINQ Target Irradiation Program

after 2 years of service
as manufactured (6800 mAh of 570 MeV protons)

Gerd Heidenreich


Since 2000: SINQ-Target Mark 3:
Lead rods, cladded by steel tubes

42% increase in neutron yield
12.8
STIP continued and consolidated
14

22.08
12 13

11

9 10

8

7
6

5

C 4
Rod Including samples
3
A Hg Capsules
B Pb-Bi Capsules
C Pb-Bi Capsules
2
1
Tensile, Fatigue, TEM
1
2 Tensile, Fatigue, TEM
Tensile, Fatigue, TEM
3
B
A
4 Bend bar, Tensile, TEM
Tensile, TEM
5
6 CT, Tal-clad W, SiC SANS
7 Bend bar, Tensile, TEM
Fatigue, SANS, TAP
8
9 Carbon fibre samples
Bend bar, Tensile, TEM
10
11 Charpy samples
Charpy samples
12
Charpy samples
13
Charpy samples
14
Note: The materials of the
Proton Beam samples are Steel, Inconel
Zircaloy mainly.
Thermocouple
DY,13.12.99

Manipulator handling and dismantling
Target
in ATEC hotcell

Kurt Geissmann et al.


Approaching a lifetime assessment
of high-power target materials:
Extensive materials studies within STIP

A martensitic steel
T91 (9Cr2WTaV)
tensile specimen
irradiated in liquid
Lead-Bismuth-Eutectic

After 12 dpa (2 years of irradiation) at 210 to 250°C:
NO severe LBE corrosion and NO LBE embrittlement effects Yong Dai et al.


outline



MEGAPIE
A liquid metal target for SINQ
MEGAwatt Pilot Experiment:
Joint international initiative to design,
build, licence, operate and explore
a liquid metal*) spallation target
for 1 MW beam power

*) Lead-Bismuth-Eutectic (LBE)
Tm=125oC

Goals of MEGAPIE:
Increase the neutron flux at SINQ
Demonstrate the feasibility of a liquid metal target
for high-power spallation and ADS applications

Initiated by Günter Bauer, managed and conducted by
Friedrich Gröschel, Knud Thomsen et al. 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March

2006: MEGAPIE (Flüssigmetalltarget)

MEGAPIE target


MEGAPIE target features
target
lower target
head
assembly

central flow
guide tube

electro-
magnetic
pumps
safety
heat beam
hull
exchanger window


System integration in SINQ (Jan.– July 2006)
Cover gas handling system

LBE filling system
Target head

Heat removal system
Insulation gas system (oil loop)


MEGAPIE Target Operation: full history
On beam: August 14 – December 21,
2006
• Accumulated charge: 2.8 Ah
1400 µA
• Peak Current:
• Beam trips (< 1 min): 5500
• Interrupts (< 8 h): 570
First protons on target
August 14, 2006

First protons on target, August
14


THX inlet

Low beam 150 A


Target temperatures at full beam

Oil outlet:
Cover gas: 226 C


210 C


THX inlet: 315 C



THX outlet:
229 C


Beam current:
1274 mA

Spallation zone
outlet: 340 C


Spallation zone
inlet: 280 C




Temperature transients during beam trips

LBE: in main guide

LBE: THX inlet

LBE: lower main guide

LBE: THX outlet

Proton beam

Oil: THX inlet

scrutinize / validate the thermo-hydraulic simulations

New safety- and diagnostic devices

VIMOS: beam footprint visualization system

Collimating slit
in proton beamline

LBE leak detector
Knud Thomsen et al

Results

Neutron fluxes with MEGAPIE
Flux gain by
measured by Au foil activation (in neutrons/cm2/s/mA)
MEGAPIE

Err. Err.
MEGAPIE
SINQ
ratio
2005 (%) (%)
2006

ICON 3.80E+8 ~5 6.89E+8 ~5 1.81

NEUTRA 2.59E+7 ~5 4.80E+7 ~5 1.85

EIGER 6.46E+8 ~5 1.04E+9 ~5 1.61

NAA 5.82E+12* ~5 1.04E+13 ~5 1.79

Markus Luethy


Understanding the flux gain
Canneloni (with STIP) MEGAPIE
Mark III (current) Megapie

• Compaction of reaction
zone, no D2O, no steel and
no empty volumes
• by that: ‚pushing out‘ the
flux maximum
• and: no proton energy loss
in water
• no STIP samples
Luca Zanini et al.


outline
• Recent improvements of the solid target



Improvement options for the canneloni target

• Zr cladding (replacing
steel)

Scetch from Knud Thomsen



Zr-clad rods …after 2 years in SINQ
(>10Ah of accumulated proton charge):

Zr-clad rod:
visual inspection



Improvement options for the canneloni target
(predicted) gain
• Zr cladding (replacing 10-13%
steel) done!
• compaction: closer rod- 5%
packing (2mm gap 1mm),
oval rod shape ?
• thinner tube wall 5%
(0.75 mm 0.5 mm)
Scetch from Knud Thomsen

• Pb-reflectors filling the
10%
gap around the canneloni
structure
• inverted calotte of 5%
safety hull
• No (or less) STIP
10%
samples
∼45%
Michael Wohlmuther, Luca Zanini/ etWagner
ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 W. al.
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI

Compact PAUL SCHERRERtarget
cannelloni INSTITUT



The new Zr-Pb cannellomi
target for SINQ

Status:
ready to be operated
starting April 2009


! quot; #$



quot; %

&
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( !)*
% +
,
- ( .

% /( %
0 !



Basic technical parameters:

Modular design allowing testing of
different concepts of the THX, EMP, BEW
Existing EMP (prototype of EMP1 for
MEGAPIE) is adopted for the mock-up
– Working fluid PbBi eutectic (melting
temp. 126°C) or Pb (327°C), volume 65 l
°
Maximum operation temperature – 500°C
Electric heater – 170 kW (former
MEGAPIE test heater)

Michael Wohlmuther et al.


Distribution of shear
stress


1 0
• Neutronics and target optimization:
– Michael Wohlmuther, Luca Zanini, Daniela Kiselev,
Markus Luethy,…
• Liquid metal targets:
– Friedrich Groeschel, Michael Wohlmuther, Sergej
Dementjev, Karel Samec, Rade Milenkovic, Jacek
Patorski et al.
• Materials research:
– Yong Dai et al.
• SINQ target management and operation:
– Hajo Heyck, Kurt Geissmann, Frank Heinrich and the
operation team
• Knud Thomsen for always bringing-in good ideas


ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. Design concepts of and lessons learned from the SINQ High Power Target Development Programme.

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ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. Design concepts of and lessons learned from the SINQ High Power Target Development Programme.