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How to write chapter three of your research projectEtieneIma123
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Chapter three of the research project or the research methodology is another significant part in the research project writing. In developing the chapter three of the research project, you state the research method you wish to adopt, the instruments to be used, where you will collect your data and how you collected it.
This chapter explains the different methods to be used in the research project. Here you mention the procedures and strategies you will employ in the study such as research design, research area (area of the study), the population of the study, etc.
You also tell the reader why you chose a particular method, how you planned to analyze your data. Your methodology should be written in a simple language such that other researchers can follow the method and arrive at the same conclusion or findings.
How to write chapter three of your research projectEtieneIma123
Â
Chapter three of the research project or the research methodology is another significant part of the research project writing. In developing the chapter three of the research project, you state the research method you wish to adopt, the instruments to be used, where you will collect your data and how you collected it.
peer 1Â Traditionally, there are three branches of methodology q.docxbartholomeocoombs
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peer 1Â
Traditionally, there are three branches of methodology: quantitative (numeric data), qualitative (observational or interview data), and mixed methods (using both types of data).
The purpose of the Qualitative research method is to reveal a target audienceâs range of behavior and the perceptions that drive it with reference to specific topics or issues. This analysis uses small groups of people vs larger groups to for the purposes of developing and establishing a hypotheses. When study is concluded the results are summarized in a manner that is descriptive.
This form of research was developed by both the social and behavioral sciences and includes âin-depth interviews with individuals, group discussions (from two to ten participants is typical); diary and journal exercises; and in-context observationsâ (http://www.qrca.org). Because of the advancements of today, studies are conveniently conducted âin person, by telephone, via videoconferencing and via the Internetâ( http://www.qrca.org) vs on site in most cases.
According to Research Qualitative Research is useful because it does the following (http://www.qrca.org):
·
Provides Several unique aspects of qualitative research contribute to rich, insightful results:
·
Creates Synergy among respondents, as they build on each otherâs comments and ideas.
·
Improves the
dynamic nature of the interview or group discussion process, which engages respondents more actively than is possible in more structured survey.
·
Provides the opportunity to probe ("Help me understand why you feel that way") enabling the researcher to reach beyond initial responses and rationales.
·
Provides opportunity to observe, record and interpret non-verbal communication (i.e., body language, voice intonation) as part of a respondentâs feedback, which is valuable during interviews or discussions, and during analysis.
·
Provides the opportunity to engage respondents in "play" such as projective techniques and exercises, overcoming the self-consciousness that can inhibit spontaneous reactions and comments
On the otherhand, the quantitative method of research focuses on âobjective measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysisâ (http://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/quantitative) This is done through the collection of data that may be
collected through the use of
âpolls, questionnaires, and surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data using computational techniquesâ (http://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/quantitative). Unlike the Qualitative method. It analyzes
numerical data and compares it in a form that is more general when observing groups of people it uses the same approach to explain a particular phenomenon based on research.
The Mixed Methods simply includes the benefits of both methods and it has both Strengths and Challenges. Based on my research this method is useful because it enables the researcher to âmeanfully interpret data and the topic that is being examined.
Research design decisions and be competent in the process of reliable data co...Stats Statswork
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Research Design may be described as the researchers scheme of outlining the flow of his project. It is based on research design, that the researcher goes about gathering data to answer his research question. It enables the researcher to prioritize his work, create better questionnaires and arrive at conclusions with greater clarity. Statswork offers statistical services as per the requirements of the customers. When you Order statistical Services at Statswork, we promise you the following â Always on Time, outstanding customer support, and High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Learn More: http://bit.ly/2S312hb
Why Statswork?
Plagiarism Free | Unlimited Support | Prompt Turnaround Times | Subject Matter Expertise | Experienced Bio-statisticians & Statisticians | Statistics Across Methodologies | Wide Range Of Tools & Technologies Supports | Tutoring Services | 24/7 Email Support | Recommended by Universities
Contact Us:
Website: www.statswork.com/
Email: info@statswork.com
UnitedKingdom: +44-1143520021
India: +91-4448137070
WhatsApp: +91-8754446690
Difference Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research.docxzekfeker
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Literature search tools ï Zekarias Tilaye
Hints:
ï· These tools help researchers to find and collect relevant scholarly literature, such as
academic journals, books, and conference proceedings. Some examples of literature
search tools include Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus.
Therefore, please provide us with clear information on this topic.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as âdistorted thinkingâ.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Â
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to write chapter three of your research projectEtieneIma123
Â
Chapter three of the research project or the research methodology is another significant part in the research project writing. In developing the chapter three of the research project, you state the research method you wish to adopt, the instruments to be used, where you will collect your data and how you collected it.
This chapter explains the different methods to be used in the research project. Here you mention the procedures and strategies you will employ in the study such as research design, research area (area of the study), the population of the study, etc.
You also tell the reader why you chose a particular method, how you planned to analyze your data. Your methodology should be written in a simple language such that other researchers can follow the method and arrive at the same conclusion or findings.
How to write chapter three of your research projectEtieneIma123
Â
Chapter three of the research project or the research methodology is another significant part of the research project writing. In developing the chapter three of the research project, you state the research method you wish to adopt, the instruments to be used, where you will collect your data and how you collected it.
peer 1Â Traditionally, there are three branches of methodology q.docxbartholomeocoombs
Â
peer 1Â
Traditionally, there are three branches of methodology: quantitative (numeric data), qualitative (observational or interview data), and mixed methods (using both types of data).
The purpose of the Qualitative research method is to reveal a target audienceâs range of behavior and the perceptions that drive it with reference to specific topics or issues. This analysis uses small groups of people vs larger groups to for the purposes of developing and establishing a hypotheses. When study is concluded the results are summarized in a manner that is descriptive.
This form of research was developed by both the social and behavioral sciences and includes âin-depth interviews with individuals, group discussions (from two to ten participants is typical); diary and journal exercises; and in-context observationsâ (http://www.qrca.org). Because of the advancements of today, studies are conveniently conducted âin person, by telephone, via videoconferencing and via the Internetâ( http://www.qrca.org) vs on site in most cases.
According to Research Qualitative Research is useful because it does the following (http://www.qrca.org):
·
Provides Several unique aspects of qualitative research contribute to rich, insightful results:
·
Creates Synergy among respondents, as they build on each otherâs comments and ideas.
·
Improves the
dynamic nature of the interview or group discussion process, which engages respondents more actively than is possible in more structured survey.
·
Provides the opportunity to probe ("Help me understand why you feel that way") enabling the researcher to reach beyond initial responses and rationales.
·
Provides opportunity to observe, record and interpret non-verbal communication (i.e., body language, voice intonation) as part of a respondentâs feedback, which is valuable during interviews or discussions, and during analysis.
·
Provides the opportunity to engage respondents in "play" such as projective techniques and exercises, overcoming the self-consciousness that can inhibit spontaneous reactions and comments
On the otherhand, the quantitative method of research focuses on âobjective measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysisâ (http://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/quantitative) This is done through the collection of data that may be
collected through the use of
âpolls, questionnaires, and surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data using computational techniquesâ (http://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/quantitative). Unlike the Qualitative method. It analyzes
numerical data and compares it in a form that is more general when observing groups of people it uses the same approach to explain a particular phenomenon based on research.
The Mixed Methods simply includes the benefits of both methods and it has both Strengths and Challenges. Based on my research this method is useful because it enables the researcher to âmeanfully interpret data and the topic that is being examined.
Research design decisions and be competent in the process of reliable data co...Stats Statswork
Â
Research Design may be described as the researchers scheme of outlining the flow of his project. It is based on research design, that the researcher goes about gathering data to answer his research question. It enables the researcher to prioritize his work, create better questionnaires and arrive at conclusions with greater clarity. Statswork offers statistical services as per the requirements of the customers. When you Order statistical Services at Statswork, we promise you the following â Always on Time, outstanding customer support, and High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Learn More: http://bit.ly/2S312hb
Why Statswork?
Plagiarism Free | Unlimited Support | Prompt Turnaround Times | Subject Matter Expertise | Experienced Bio-statisticians & Statisticians | Statistics Across Methodologies | Wide Range Of Tools & Technologies Supports | Tutoring Services | 24/7 Email Support | Recommended by Universities
Contact Us:
Website: www.statswork.com/
Email: info@statswork.com
UnitedKingdom: +44-1143520021
India: +91-4448137070
WhatsApp: +91-8754446690
Difference Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research.docxzekfeker
Â
Literature search tools ï Zekarias Tilaye
Hints:
ï· These tools help researchers to find and collect relevant scholarly literature, such as
academic journals, books, and conference proceedings. Some examples of literature
search tools include Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus.
Therefore, please provide us with clear information on this topic.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as âdistorted thinkingâ.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
Â
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
Â
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
Â
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Â
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasnât one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
Â
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
1. Essay on Research Methods
(Zikmund, 2003) states that exploratory research should be used to clarify ambiguous problems. Management may have discovered general problems
but research is needed to gain better understanding of the dimensions of the problems.
This study aims at exploring and delving into the underlying factors of why organisations struggle to attract and retain talent using the employer brand.
The challenges of talent management are well known and are applicable to all players, there is a possibility that other drivers are at play and therefore
warrant the need to explore.
(Leedy & Ormond, 2005) asserts that qualitative research answers the questions we cannot skim across the surface. They focus on phenomena that
occur in natural settings â the...show more content...
The ultimate goal is to learn about a large population by surveying a sample of that population.
In order to gain additional insights into the conceptual framework and to further clarify the concepts and effects anticipated in literature, a preliminary
research in the form of semiâstructured, inâdepth interviews will be undertaken. A semi structured interview allows the researcher to follow standard
questions with one or more individually tailored questions to get clarification or probe a person's reasoning. Respondents will be current employees of
a SA financial institution. The semi structured inâdepth interviews will be undertaken to provide detailed insights into the nature of each concept, and
to assist in the development of a relevant framework.
3 focus groups interviews comprising of 8 â 10 people will be conducted with current employees. The semi structured inâdepth interview will be
conducted on site (at the bank), using open ended questions and data and responses will be captured using a recording device. The respondents will be
recruited through a referral based convenience sample utilising a snowballing technique. Current employees are chosen because they were once
engaged with the recruitment process and are still engaged with the retention process, allowing them to provide informed comments on the topic at
hand. In
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2. Research Methods
Analyze of research in averagely can be accounted as an aim for understanding or a systematic study in search of information to shape or accept
achievable facts. There are two mainly different ways of research. First, there is the basic research that appears not to go into the study field and the
second, way is the applied research that studies given area into the aspect. It applies to resolve, understand and advance the methods and systems that
are used in the search for human understanding of abnormal matters to do with the society. Research also can apply to advance the scientific and
technical levels of knowledge that are applicable in the society. Other research challenges may apply to raise the information and knowledge about
nature,...show more content...
These methods are also applied in mathematical sciences like Chemistry and Physics but the experimentation here is limited. The results from this type
of research methods are convinced through statistics, graphs and tabulations. Although, quantitative research methods have the limitation that they tend
to neglect and ignore the nonâmeasurable actors, which may be of great consequence to the hypothetical relationships. Although this limitation is
overcome by applying the qualitative research techniques in explaining the quantitative accounts that are accumulated from quantitative methods. This
mode of using the two types of research techniques is referred as the MixedâResearch Technique. (Becker 1994, 53â71)
The distinctions between qualitative and quantitative research methods; The term qualitative applies to the fact that the data collected is
nonânumerical, while quantitative means that the data collected can be quantified into numbers or numerals. An example of a qualitative research
method is one that relates the environment of individuals and the character that they develop over time. The data collected from this research will be
convinced in terms of answers where one may hypothesize that, children who are brought up in slums grow up to become deviant adults. The
qualitative cause affects relationship here is between deviance and the slum upbringing. A good example of a quantitative research method is one that
seeks to establish the
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3. Sampling Methods Essay
Sampling is the framework on which any form of research is carried out. A suitable sample that meets the inclusion and exclusion criteria of a research
design must be chosen from a given population to carry out studies. In this essay comparison is made between stratified random sampling and
convenience sampling. The population on which the researcher is interested in carrying out his or her research may be too large, therefore a suitable
sample which can represent the population in correct proportion must be chosen. Restraints such as limitation of time, resources and many other factors
necessitate the selection of a sample for research purpose so that better quality data is obtained from it and that the researcher can make statement about
...show more content...
The methodological strength and weaknesses of this two sampling methods is discussed in terms of identifying the samples for research, the
representativeness it possesses to the general population, the methods and the outcome. Stratified random sampling is a probability sampling where the
selection of sampling unit is left to a random process, all units in the sample has an equal and nonâzero chance of being selected on a probability
ground or chance and not on the choice or judgement of the researcher (Sim,J and Wright,C. 2000,). Convenience sampling is an example of non
probability sampling where the selection of the units is not by chance, rather it is dependent on the researcher's judgement, the researcher decides the
samples to be included in the study which may be subject to availability, time, individual preferences etc. The probability of selection of a particular
sampling unit may or may not be known. Stratified random sampling is commonly done in quantitative researches. When the samples reflect the
characteristics of the target population in the same proportion; assumptions can be made on generalizing the data acquired from these samples provided
it has been done correctly, since it is statistically representative (Sim,J and wright,C.,2000) but sampling error
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4. Horizontal Vertical And Ratios
In a 2 to 3 page paper, evaluate the three methods of analysis: horizontal, vertical, and ratio as explained in Chapter 9 of your textbook. Summarize
each method, and discuss how the financial information is used to make a particular decision. Provide a scenario in a health care situation in which a
given method of analysis might be used.
Horizontal: "Horizontal analysis, also called trend analysis, refers to studying the behavior of indiâ vidual financial statement items over several
accounting periods. These periods may be several quarters within the same fiscal year or they may be several different years. The analysis of a given
item may focus on trends in the absolute dollar amount of the item or trends in percentages. For example, a...show more content...
The application of appropriate techniques is often a mechanical process, although care should be taken that differences in ratio calculation, accounting
policies, asset valuation, and so on are understood so that a valid comparison between companies can be made. Finally, interpretation of the results
requires putting the results in contextâ for example, by comparing results with industry benchmarks.
One technique used for analyzing financial statements is vertical analysis. It can be difficult to see even basic financial relationships when looking at the
numerical values in a company's financial statements. Therefore, it is helpful to construct commonâsize statements and perform a vertical analysis in
order to look for any unusual percentages in the commonâsize statements that identify items that have an excessively large or small value when
considered relative to other values reported in the same accounting period. Both single period and multiple period vertical analyses can be used.
Another technique used for analyzing financial statements is horizontal analysis. It involves making comparisons across two or more years of financial
statements data. Although horizontal analysis techniques can be applied to the balance sheet to quantify the changes in current or total assets over time,
this type of analysis is usually focused on quantifying the
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5. Essay on Research Methodology
3. Methodology: 3.1 Introduction: The study for this thesis will be exploratory research using secondary data collected by the communication agency,
MESH Planning. The agency developed an innovative approach called 'realâtime experience tracking', which involves three stages of data collection.
And both qualitative and quantitative data will be collected and used in this context in order to get an insight of critical incidents. This section will
start with a comparison of three possible methodologies for data collection: ethnography, survey (or interview) and real time experience tracking. And
then sampling and data collection methods will be examined followed by a description of data analysis. 3.2 Research approach selection:...show more
content...
They are much cheaper than ethnography with a greater effectiveness, however, all of these interviews or surveys were based on the retrospective
data, respondents answered the questions by their memory and the issue may happened for a long time. There could be a great influence on the quality
of data since the ability of respondent to recall information differed from one to another and some incorrect information often occurred (Baker, 2003).
The third approach considered in this study is the realâtime experience tracking developed by MESH planning. This is an approach to record
360âdegree touchpoints of brand by respondents in real time. There are three stages of data collection. The first stage uses the preâonline questionnaire
to collect information about brand health and relationship quality. The third stage uses the same questions to ask respondents' perception after brand
encounters in order to identify any change. While the second stage for data collection is the most crucial process in the approach. Respondents are
asked to send SMS message to report any brand encounter via mobile phones. And the online diary also helped to expand these experiences (Willis et
al 2010). Meanwhile, for identifying the CIs, weekly questionnaire will be sent to respondents about the CIs happened in the past week. The approach
offers a holistic view to track customer experience as well as identifying critical incidences. The realâtime tracking approach enabled to identify a
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6. Research Methods Essay
Quantitative and Qualitative are said to be systematic in different design. Both design have to follow a process system that involved defining a
principle of research.
General speaking, quantitative research is thought to be objective, however qualitative research often involves a subjective element. There are
differences designs in qualitative research in comparison to quantitative research. Qualitative research involves words, pictures, or objects; Quantitative
involves data in the form of numbers and statistics.
However, the researcher uses inâdepth interviews in qualitative research to find out how the subjects view their world. In quantitative research the
researcher uses precise measurement to predict hypotheses. Whereas,...show more content...
Qualitative research is conducted in a natural setting and attempts to understand a human problem by developing a holistic narrative and reporting
detailed views of informants about the culture of a problem. It forms a report with pictures and words. One of the most important distinctions that sets
qualitative research apart from more traditional types of research is that qualitative research is holistic in that researchers study phenomena in their
entirety rather than narrowing the focus to specific defined variables" (p. 93). Similarly, Cresswell (1984) indicated that qualitative research "is
defined as an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed
views of informants, and conducted in a natural setting" (p. 2). Cresswell's definition clearly delineates the major characteristics of qualitative research.
Pg. 50 (Smith & Davis, 2010). Pg. 51 (Smith & Davis, 2010). "How do researchers evaluate trustworthiness?" Guba and Lincoln (1994) proposed that
trustworthiness could be judged by the following criteria: conformability, dependability, credibility, and transferability.
For Example, Qualitative researchers use conformability, dependability, credibility, and transferability to evaluate the trustworthiness of a qualitative
research report. In order to prevent researcher bias they can have other researchers point out
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7. Sampling Methods Essay
Sampling Methods
A great deal of sociological research makes use of sampling. This is a technique aiming to reduce the number of respondents in a piece of research,
whilst retaining â as accurately as possible â the characteristics of the whole group.
The purpose of taking a sample is to investigate features of the population in greater detail than could be done if the total population was used, and to
draw inferences about this population. In addition, at the practical level, a sample is likely to be both cheaper and quicker to investigate.
All sampling will involve error and sociologists have developed sampling techniques in order to minimize this error. All methods of sampling make
...show more content...
So the test is, does every person in the group have an equal chance of being selected?
Examples of random sampling include; ERNIE, a telephone directory, out of a hat.
An example of systematic random sampling is Willmott and Young's sample of Bethnal Green families.
The technique depends on the mathematical probability that a number of members carefully selected from a larger group will be more or less
representative of that group. Of course, the improbable can happen and the sample is unrepresentative of the target population. One way to increase the
precision of sampling is through stratification.
Nonârepresentative sampling also occurs in sociology. The logic of this approach is that a nonârepresentative sample might present a more demanding
test of a researcher's hypothesis. For example, Goldthorpe and Lockwood tested the embourgoisement thesis (the belief that the w/c were becoming
more like the middle class) with untypical affluent workers. They argued that if the hypothesis was not true among affluent workers, it was not likely
to be true with any other workers. In other words they gave the hypothesis the best chance of being proved correct.
Stratified sample
8. When the population to be studied is large and the sample relatively small it may be efficient to use stratified sampling. Random sampling assumes that
the list of the
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9. Methodology of Research Essay examples
Methodology of Research
The method that I will be using to research my area of sociology will be a
structured questionnaire, it will be structured so that the candidates stick to the
questions that they are asked and do not write about irrelevant matters. I will first of
all produce a pilot questionnaire and send it round to a test group of people, and
hopefully see whether or not I am able to obtain the relevant information that I need
for my research with the questions that I have asked my targeted group of people. If
the questionnaire provides me with my needed information, I will the produce more
and send them out to a larger sample of people and obtain my...show more content...
Also using a questionnaire is a quick way to
obtain information and can cover a wide area of matters with just a few questions,
whereas if I had used an interview as my method it would of taken a much longer
amount of time and I might of not been able to get the answers that I needed out of
my candidates. Another bonus of using a questionnaire, would be that once I have
10. received all of the information I will be able to put my findings into the relevant
tables, and then I will be able to compare my findings to the secondary data that I
have gathered with and will be able to do this with ease.
Because I am establishing the role of women within working class households and the
effect that their roles have had on their families way of life. I need to be able to define
what I class as a working class household; which in my view is a family with either a
mum or a dad or both that goes out to work and then comes home to look after that
home and the family. Therefore I have asked questions to determine who in the
household goes out to work and the sort of jobs that they do around the home. By
asking these questions I feel that I will be able to differentiate between upper, lower
and middle class households and therefore gather the information that I
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11. Psychology Methods
Psychology Methods
Cara Stettler
University of Great Falls
Abstract
This paper consists of the similarities and differences between two therapies used in psychology. The approaches are known as the ClientâCentered
Approach and the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. They are both used daily, worldâwide, and can be seen in different ways. In psychology, the use of
therapy, approaches, and techniques are used all the time. The clientâcentered model is all about the clients themselves and the cognitive behavioral
therapy relies on direct counseling tools to control and guide the client. Cognitive behavioral therapy is more shortâterm treatment is structured and is
going towards a goal whereas the clientâcentered model aims towards asking...show more content...
It analyzes how and why the client thinks a certain way, and aims at changing these patterns to form positive, nurturing, and emotional states that can
replace the current state of disharmony that the client is facing. Behavioral therapy is, in a way, the next stage. It focuses on actions rather than
thoughts and equips the therapist with effective tools to form new behavioral patterns for a client, by stimulating certain positive "rewards" (emotional,
such as praise and encouragement), for the positive changes in behavior that the client demonstrates when encountering a certain problem. When
comparing the two methods, it may seem that the role of the therapist is a lot less important in the clientâcentered model than in the cognitive
behavioral therapy. However, this impression is far from being true. In fact, the clientâcentered approach is very much about how the therapist
encourages the client to open up, by showing congruence. As stated by Rogers, the creator of the clientâcentered model, "By this we mean that the
feelings that the therapist is experiencing are available to him, available to his awareness and he is able to live these feelings, be them, and able to
communicate them if appropriate." (Dr. C. George Boeree, n.d., n.p.) The therapist is to be as honest and natural as possible while showing sincere
empathy and nurturing the client's inner capacity towards healing. Being appreciative of the honesty and hard work that the client is
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12. Sample Methodology Essay
Chapter 3 3.0 Methodology This methodology section of the research report describes how the study will be conducted and the methods used to
collect and analyse the data. The overall aim of this methodology section is to provide an overview on the methods employed so that a judgment can
be made as to how appropriate they are and how valid the data that has been generated is. Throughout the methodology process, it is imperative to
remember the question this research is aiming to answer for: Has the Recession been a significant factor in bringing about change in the recruitment
process within the public sector? Introduction The recession has affected many HR Processes and new strategies must be developed in order to adapt
to the...show more content...
Firstly, in interpretivism, there is no notion of a factual reality, but rather a situation that is created and interpreted by people (Denscombe, 2002). This
means that any research conducted into social research will automatically shape the results found (Denscombe, 2002). Interpretivism has evolved from
studies trying to understand how people make sense of the world around them (Bryman, 2004). This research methodology engages in an
Interpretivism approach so therefore to a major extent rejects the basic assumptions made by positivism. A summary of the main differences between
positivism and interpretivism can be found in table 3.1 Positivism| Interpretivism| The patterns and regularities in the social world exist independently
of whether they are recognised by people| Social reality is subjective| The research tools have no effect on the thing being observed| Humans react to
the knowledge that they are being studied| The researcher is expected to remain impartial in order to obtain objective results| It is impossible to gain
objective knowledge about social phenomena| Table 3.1 Summary of Positivism versus Interpretivism (Denscombe, 2002) 1.2.5 Inductive versus
Deductive ApproachesĐżŃâŹ
ДРâĐ·ŃŃĐŽŃĐжŃâз»ĐĐżŃâ° The deduction approach begins from the proposal of the theory and ends when the evidence is
collected in order to prove the theory either true or
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13. Feminist Methodologies Essay example
Feminism is a perspective not a research method, meaning there are multiple ways to approach the study of women (Reinharz, 1992). However, a
central goal of feminist empiricism, standpoint epistemology, and postâmodernism methodologies is that women's lives are important and must
understand women from their perspective and in context (O'Donnell, 1985, in Reinharz, 1992). Feminist methodologies all share a dedication to move
the focus from the masculine perspective to incorporating both men and women to advance knowledge (DeVault, 1996). Therefore, it isresearch about
women but also for women. It aims to identify various intelligences, the different ways of knowing, and to give a say to the silent voices (DeVault,
1996). Feminist...show more content...
Harding (1987) acknowledges there are three feminist methodologies depending on the relationship between experience and theory the researcher
takes. These differences are based on epistemology and the research approach, instead of data collection (Davidson & Tolich, 2003), and each
methodology shapes the research methods used (Skeggs, 1995). The first is feminist empiricism developed in the 1960sâ1970s. It opposed the
universality of male experience, and the partial knowledge that patriarchal methods provided (Burns & Walker, 2005). Women were thus added into
research to remove the sexist bias, as these researchers believed women see the world differently to men, and experiences by women bring an objective
knowledge that is central to challenging stereotypes and untruths (Skeggs, 1995). This methodology seeks equal opportunities for men and women,
achieving this by questioning society and using mainstream methods in a new way.
The second is feminist standpoint epistemology. This position views the oppressed to be the source of knowledge as they are the ones with the
experience and knowing. Researchers thus understand the world from the view of the oppressed women in that particular location (Skeggs, 1995).
However, as the social control of women (race, history, and interests) differs across cultures, this methodology uses 'insider' investigation to enhance
knowledge on a particular group by transferring all authority
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