Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to ESEA presentation
Similar to ESEA presentation (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
ESEA presentation
- 1. ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT (ESEA) OF 1965 U L I A R A I Z A E D A 5 1 4 R O N D I C K S O N A N D M I K E W I N T E R S
- 2. BACKGROUND ON THE ESEA • Part of Lyndon B. Johnson’s “War on Poverty” (Social Welfare, 2016) • Federal government’s first major investment into K-12 education (Hanna, 2005) • Provides funds for professional development, instructional materials, resources to support educational programs, and the promotion of parental involvement (Social Welfare, 2016) • Title I program LBJ signing the Elementary and Secondary Education Act on April 11, 1965
- 3. WHAT PRECIPITATED THE ESEA? • Brown v. Board of Education (1954) • Vocational Education Act and the Higher Education Facilities Act of 1963 • Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Rep. Adam Clayton Powell – Chairman of House Committee on Education • Francis “Frank” Keppel – U.S. Commissioner of Education – Architect of ESEA (Hanna, 2005) (Library of Congress, 1998)
- 4. MANDATES OR REQUIREMENTS FROM ESEA • Title I Improving The Academic Achievement Of The Disadvantaged • Title II School libraries and textbooks • Title III Adult Education Act of 1966 – The Bilingual Education Act and the Education of the Handicapped Act (1968) • Title IV $100 million for educational research and training • Title V Supplemental grants for state departments of educations • Title VI definitions and limitations of ESEA (Hanna, 2005) (Social Welfare, 2016)
- 5. FUNDING RELATED TO ESEA • Title I funding to schools with 50 percent or more of students in poverty • Funding to LEAs (local education agencies) & SEAs (state education agencies) • Students attending parochial schools Agostini v. Felton (1997) Title I funds can be used in private schools (Social Welfare, 2016) (Library of Congress,
- 6. TITLE I FUNDING (Weinstein et al., 2009)
- 7. WAS THE FUNDING ADEQUATE? • Overall, inadequate funding • Funding increases in subsequent reauthorizations of ESEA • Improving America’s Schools Act (IASA) of 1994 (Social Welfare, 2016) (U.S. Department of Education, n.d.)
- 8. CHANGES TO THE ESEA • Carter: pullout program • Clinton: Improving America’s Schools Act (IASA) of 1994 – Assessments tied to state performance standards – Increasing funds – More local control • Agostini v. Felton (Hanna, 2005) (Social Welfare, 2016)
- 9. THE ESEA TODAY •Continuation of Title I funding •Reauthorization s rely on more data collection and utilization (Hanna, 2005) (Social Welfare, 2016) (Weinstein et al., 2009)
- 10. IMPACT ON STUDENTS • Issues with Title I funds during first years • Carter Study: Modest positive impacts • Lack of data measuring growth/ proficiency”Sustaining Effects” data showing Title I students averaging below non-Title I students even after 3 years of being in a Title I program . 1976-1979. (Carter, p.8) (Carter, 1984)
- 11. FUTURE IMPACT ON CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT
- 12. WHY WAS ESEA INCLUDED ON LIST OF MAJOR POLITICAL INFLUENCES? • Civil Rights legislation / War on Poverty • Keystone for intervention in K-12 education • Set educational policy in the U.S. for over 40 years • Title I funding still relevant today
- 13. REFERENCES Carter, L. (1984). The Sustaining Effects Study of Compensatory and Elementary Education. Educational Researcher, 13(7), 4-13. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/stable/1174266 Coleman, J. S. (1966). Equality of educational opportunity. Washington]: U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education; [for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Govt. Print. Off]. Hanna J. (2005). The Elementary and Secondary Education Act: 40 Years Later. Harvard Graduate School of Education. Retrieved from https://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/05/08/elementary-and-secondary- education-act Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, Legislative Reference Service. (1998). Title I, ESEA Current Status and Issues. [S.l]: [s.n.]. Social Welfare History Project (2016). Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. Social Welfare History Project. Retrieved from http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/education/elementary-and- secondary-education-act-of-1965/ Weinstein M. G., Stiefel L., Schwartz A. E., & Chalico L. (2009). Does Title I Increase Spending and Improve Performance? Evidence from New York City. New York University Institute for Education and Social Policy. Retrieved from
Editor's Notes
- 10 seconds Introduction to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESSA) of 1965. Ulises Araiza, EDA 514. Professors Ron Dickson and Mike Winters.
- 40 seconds Let’s talk about some of the background on the ESEA. The ESEA started off as part of Lyndon B. Johnson’s war on poverty, which in itself was a part of the larger civil rights legislation of the 1960s. The ESEA was also the federal government’s first push into public education, which was typically an issue for states. The ESEA provides funds for professional development, instructional materials, resources for support and for promotion of parental involvement. Part of the ESEAs big push is the Title I program, which we will be discussing later on in this presentation.
- 55 seconds The ESEA was created during a time of great change in the U.S. A decade earlier, the Brown v. Board case had ended legal segregation in public schools, in theory opening up more opportunities for students of color. Yet it soon became clear that many local jurisdictions were continuing outdated practices. Under the leadership of Representative Adam Powell, congress passed the Vocational Education Act and the Higher Education Facilities Act of 1963, a precursor to the ESEA, opening up the door for federal intervention in the public schools systems. However, the ESEA was the brainchild of Frank Keppel, a former Harvard dean of Education, who believed that federal government needed to play a more active role in the education of its population, especially those populations that had historically been left behind by states or local agencies.
- 51 seconds While the ESEA has several mandates, the most recognizable is Title I, which provides funding for low income students. In order for a school to be considered Title I, more than 50 percent of students at that school must be below the poverty level. However, low income students at non-Title I schools may still receive Title I services, even if they are in a non-public school. Titles II through VI have experienced several changes since the original authorization of the ESEA. Notably, Title III was changed in 1968 in order to meet the needs of bilingual and handicapped students. It is important to note that unlike the 2001 NCLB or the 2015 ESSA, the ESEA mandates are not tied to measurable growth or proficiency of standards.
- 46 seconds As mentioned earlier, most of the ESEA funding is meant for Title I services. The Federal government provides Title I monies to LEAs and SEAs who then go ahead and divide the funds to particular schools. In 1985, the Supreme Court ruled that private funds could not be used in private schools, creating an environment in which many students could not receive Title I services directly through their school. However, in the 1997 case Agostini v. Felton, the Supreme Court overruled its 1985 decision, allowing public funds to reenter private schools. These funds would be allocated to the LEAs who in turn would provide them to private schools on an as-needed basis per pupil.
- 43 seconds This chart created by the NYU Steinhardt and Wagner schools helps us understand How Title I funding makes it to schools. The U.S. Department of Education uses data from the Census Bureau to provide allocations for each LEA. The Federal government does not give funds directly to LEAs, instead providing those funds to states first. The individuals states then provide allocations for Title I services to the LEAs, who in turn provide funds to the schools within that LEA. As noted in the chart, schools with over 75 percent poverty must receive Title I money, but even schools with a poverty level of 35 percent may receive funding.
- 19 seconds While the ESEA was well intentioned, overall funding was not adequate. In reauthorizations of the ESEA, congress often added additional funds, yet there was a lack of data to confirm if the ESEA funding was enhancing opportunities for low-income students.
- 17 seconds Since the 1965 enactment of the ESEA there have been several changes to the legislation. Under President Carter, Title I programs often pulled out students from mainstream classes and under President Clinton, the ESEA began to shift more towards its 2001 and 2015 reauthorizations by tying assessments to state standards.
- 19 seconds The Most current reauthorizations of the ESEA, the NCLB and the ESSA, continue to provide Title I services for low income students, including those students who are at a non-Title I school or at a non-public school. These reauthorizations also emphasize data collection and utilization more than the pre-1994 authorizations of the ESEA.
- 37 seconds Because the original ESEA did not have a data analysis component, there is little official data regarding its initial impact on students. The Sustaining Effects study by Launor F. Carter started in 1975 and was the largest study of elementary education up to that time. It looked at over 120,000 students in over 300 schools from 1976-1979. The study concluded that “Title I was effective only for students that were moderately disadvantaged, but it did not improve the achievement of the most disadvantaged part of the school population.”
- 37 seconds The future of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act is the Every Student Succeeds Act. The ESSA uses data collection from assessments and public reporting in combination with Title I funds to bridge the educational divide for high poverty students. Given that Title I funding had been in effect for over fifty years, it seems unlikely that there will be a full overhaul of that mandate. Yet looking at the NCLB and the ESSA reauthorizations of the ESEA, one can conclude that data collection and utilization will play an even larger role in the future of curriculum and assessment on a national level.
- 49 seconds The ESEA was included on the list of major political influences for several reasons. First, it has its origins as a companion piece to the Civil Rights Act and attempted to remedy the problems faced by students of color and the working poor in a post-Jim Crow America. Second, it was amongst the first federal pieces of legislation that intervened in public education, therefore broadening the power of the U.S. Department of Education. The 1965 ESEA and its reauthorizations set the tone for educational policy for over 40 years, and even the NCLB and the ESSA are at their core still reauthorizations of the ESEA, albeit heavily amended. Lastly, for better or worse, Title I funding is still crucial to many low-income schools, families and children.
- 24 seconds Hey folks, thank you for your time. I hope you enjoyed my presentation and found it useful as we continue our educational leadership studies. Feel free to look at my references. Additionally, please reach out if you have any questions or comments regarding any of the information from this presentation. I’m looking forward to viewing your presentations and collaborating further.