Scientific management aimed to improve economic efficiency, especially labor productivity, through analyzing and optimizing workflows. Pioneered by Frederick Taylor in the early 1900s, it involved developing scientific methods for each task to replace rule-of-thumb practices, scientifically selecting and training workers, and cooperating between workers and management. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth expanded on Taylor's work through motion and time studies to further reduce inefficiency and improve worker satisfaction. Scientific management transformed industries by standardizing best practices and rationalizing production processes.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Scientific management aimed to improve economic efficiency, especially labor productivity, through analyzing and optimizing workflows. Pioneered by Frederick Taylor in the early 1900s, it involved developing scientific methods for each task to replace rule-of-thumb practices, scientifically selecting and training workers, and cooperating between workers and management. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth expanded on Taylor's work through motion and time studies to further reduce inefficiency and improve worker satisfaction. Scientific management transformed industries by standardizing best practices and rationalizing production processes.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
The document discusses various AI tools from OpenAI like GPT-3 and DALL-E 2, as well as ChatGPT. It explores how search engines are using AI and things to consider around AI-generated content. Potential SEO uses of ChatGPT are also presented, such as generating content at scale, conducting topic research, and automating basic coding tasks. The document encourages further reading on using ChatGPT for SEO purposes.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
The document discusses various AI tools from OpenAI like GPT-3 and DALL-E 2, as well as ChatGPT. It explores how search engines are using AI and things to consider around AI-generated content. Potential SEO uses of ChatGPT are also presented, such as generating content at scale, conducting topic research, and automating basic coding tasks. The document encourages further reading on using ChatGPT for SEO purposes.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
This presentation was designed to provide strategic recommendations for a brand in decline. The deck also incorporates a situational assessment, including a brand identity, positioning, architecture, and portfolio strategy for the Brand.
Presentation originally created for NYU Stern's Brand Strategy course. Design by Erica Santiago & Chris Alexander.
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them wellSaba Software
According to the latest State of the American Manager report from Gallup, employees who have regular meetings with their managers are almost three times as likely to be engaged as those who don’t. These regular check-ins keep managers and employees in sync and aligned. Want to see better manager/employee relationships in your organisation? Then make an all-in commitment to 1:1 meetings. Not sure how? You’ve come to the right place.
In this webinar with Jamie Resker, Founder and Practice Leader for Employee Performance Solutions (EPS), and Teala Wilson, Talent Management Consultant at Saba Software, you’ll get the inside track on how to hold effective 1:1 meetings, including tips for getting managers on board.
• Go beyond discussing the status of everyday work to higher level topics, including recognition, performance, development, and career aspirations
• Learn how to decide meeting frequency, what to cover, as well as roles and responsibilities of the manager and employee
• Understand how managers can build trust and make it comfortable for employees to provide upward feedback
• Unite your organisation with a unified approach to 1:1 meetings
Join us for this 1-hour webinar to get practical tips for building better manager-employee relationships with intention and purpose.
About the Speakers
Jamie Resker - Founder and Practice Leader for Employee Performance Solutions (EPS)
Jamie Resker, Practice Leader and Founder of Employee Performance Solutions, is a recognized innovator in performance management. She is the originator of the-the Performance Continuum Feedback Method® and Conversations to Optimize Employee Performance training program; tools and training that reshape communications between managers and employees to drive and align performance. Jamie is on the faculty for the Northeast Human Resources Association, is a contributor to Halogen Software's Talent Space Blog, and is an editorial advisory board member for HR Examiner.
Teala Wilson - Senior Consultant, Strategic Services, Saba Software
Teala is a Talent Management Consultant at Halogen Software, now a part of Saba Software. She has worked with teams on a national and global level supporting human resources in areas such as performance management, recruitment, employee benefit programs, training and talent development, workforce planning and internal communications. Teala also has a personal passion for visual arts and design.
Want to learn more? Join us for an upcoming Product Tour!
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Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Ergo 02
1. ปญหาปญหา
การยศาสตร
วิชา 204585 หลักสูตรปริญาโท สาขาวิศวกรรมความปลอดภัย
ผศ ดร จเร เลิศสดวิชัย(jan@ku ac th http://www cpe ku ac th/~jan)ผศ. ดร. จเร เลศสุดวชย(jan@ku.ac.th http://www.cpe.ku.ac.th/~jan)
ภาควิชาวิศวกรรมคอมพิวเตอร คณะวิศวกรรมศาสตร มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร
2. ปญหา
การยศาสตรการยศาสตร
ไ ื ป• อะไรคือปญหาการยศาสตร (Defining ergonomics )
• ปจจัยความเสี่ยงมาจากผูทํางานโดยตรงู
(Risk factors inherent in the worker)
• ปจจัยความเสี่ยงมาจากลักษณะของงานปจจยความเสยงมาจากลกษณะของงาน
(Risk factors inherent in the task)
• ปจจัยความเสี่ยงมาจากสภาพแวดลอม• ปจจยความเสยงมาจากสภาพแวดลอม
(Risk Factors Inherent in The Environment)
การควบคมปจจัยความเสี่ยง• การควบคุมปจจยความเสยง
(Controlling risk factors )
3. อะไรคือปญหาการยศาสตรญ
What is ergonomics?What is ergonomics?
Ergonomics is a way of designing
k i k i d kworkstations, work practices, and work
flow to accommodate the capabilities of
workers. Ergonomic design reduces risk
factors known to contribute to occupational
ergonomic injuries and illnesses, such as
sprains and strains and cumulative trauma
disorders (CTDs).
9. If k i f d i k d t ( ี่If work is performed in awkward postures(ทาทางที
ไมเหมาะสม) or with excessive effort(ออกแรง
มาก) fatigue(ความเมื่อยลา) and discomfort(ความมาก), fatigue(ความเมอยลา) and discomfort(ความ
ไมสบาย) may result.
Under these conditions muscles, tendons,
ligaments(เอ็น) nerves and blood vessels canligaments(เอน), nerves, and blood vessels can
be damaged. Injuries of this type are known as
musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) ความผิดปกติmusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) ความผดปกต
ของกลามเนื้อและโครงกระดูก.
10. ปญหาการยศาสตรญ
The problemThe problem
The increased rate and high cost of ergonomic injuries and illnesses such as
carpal tunnel syndrome, tendinitis, and MSDs cut across all industries and
occupations. Some of the hardest hit are manufacturing, retail, and servicep g, ,
industries. Most (30%-50%) of recordable injuries are somehow related to
ergonomics.
MSDs can increase the cost of doing business both directly and indirectlyMSDs can increase the cost of doing business both directly and indirectly.
Direct costs may include medical services and higher workers’ compensation
premiums. Indirect costs from increased employee turnover, absenteeism(
การขาดงานเสมอๆ), and retraining may also occur. Productivity, product
quality and employee morale(ขวัญกําลังใจ) may also suffer(ลดลง)quality, and employee morale(ขวญกาลงใจ) may also suffer(ลดลง).
Estimates indicate that the indirect costs associated with MSDs may be four
to 10 times higher than the direct costs. Preventing and controlling
ergonomic risk factors in the workplace often costs a fraction of what one
h l i ld t I ll i i l t d l isuch claim would cost. In smaller companies, one ergonomic-related claim
can mean the difference between being above or below the profit margin.
11. แกปญหาการยศาสตรญ
An important strategy to solve the problem
• Workstation analysis and design
• Task-specific and company-wide risk factor• Task-specific and company-wide risk factor
assessment
Training and education• Training and education
• Development and implementation assistance for
ergonomic programs
• Help prioritizing ergonomic needs
12. การยศาสตร
Webster's New World Dictionary (College Edition) defines ergonomics asWebster's New World Dictionary (College Edition) defines ergonomics as
"The Study of the problems of people in adjusting to their
environment; especially the science that seeks to adapt work or
working conditions to suit the worker.o g co d t o s to su t t e o e
Ergonomics may also be thought of as the science of fitting the job to
the individual worker. When there is a mismatch between the physical
requirements of the job and the physical capacity of the workerrequirements of the job and the physical capacity of the worker,
musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) can result.
13. ปจจัยเสี่ยงตอการยศาสตร
Wh i t i k?Who is at risk?
Workers who must repeat the same motion
throughout their workday, who must do their work
i k d iti h t tin an awkward position, who must use a great
deal of force to perform their jobs, who must
repeatedly lift heavy objects or who face arepeatedly lift heavy objects or who face a
combination of these risk factors are most likely to
develop MSDs The level of risk depends on howdevelop MSDs. The level of risk depends on how
long a worker is exposed to these conditions, how
often they are exposed, and the level of exposurey p , p
14. Musculoskeletal Disorders
ิ ป ิ ื้ โความผิดปกติของกลามเนือและโครงกระดูก
What Are MSDs?What Are MSDs?
MSDs include a group of conditions that involve the nerves
(เสนประสาท), tendons(เสนเอ็น), muscles(กลามเนื้อ), and(เสนประสาท), tendons(เสนเอน), muscles(กลามเนอ), and
supporting structures such as intervertebral discs (หมอนรอง
กระดูก). They represent a wide range of disorders, which can
differ in severity(รุนแรง) from mild periodic symptoms(อาการ
ที่ยังไมรนแรงแตมีเปนระยะ) to severe chronic (อาการที่รนแรงแตทยงไมรุนแรงแตมเปนระยะ) to severe chronic (อาการทรุนแรงแต
มีเปนระยะ) and debilitating conditions(อาการออนเพลีย).
Examples include:
– carpal tunnel syndrome (การบาดเจ็บที่เกิดจากความเครียดประเภท
หนึ่ง เชนขอมือไดรับความบาดเจ็บ อาการนี้จะเกิดขึ้นไดเมื่อเรานั่งพิมพหนง เชนขอมอไดรบความบาดเจบ อาการนจะเกดขนไดเมอเรานงพมพ
คอมพิวเตอรทั้งวัน)
– Tenosynovitis (ปลอกหุมเอ็นอักเสบ)
– tension neck syndrome
d l b k i– and low back pain
MSDs are often confused with ergonomics. Ergonomics is the
science of fitting workplace conditions and job demands to
the capabilities of workers. In other words, MSDs are thep ,
problem and ergonomics is a solution.
16. อะไรคือปญหาการยศาสตรญ
Contributing factors are aspects of work tasks that can lead to
f ti ( ํ ใ ื่ ) MSD t d i j ifatigue(ทําใหเหนือยลา), MSD symptoms and injuries, or
other types of problems. These factors may be present in
one or more of the tasks employees must perform to
li h h i j b Th ib i f daccomplish their jobs. The contributing factors you and your
employees should be aware of include:
– Awkward postures (ทาทางที่ไมเหมาะสม)
– Repetitive motions (กิจกรรมที่ทําซ้ําซาก )
่– Forceful exertions (กิจกรรมที่ตองใชแรงมาก )
– Pressure points (e.g., local contact stress) (การกด
เฉพาะที่)เฉพาะท)
– Vibration (ความสั่นสะเทือน )
– Prolonged Activities (กิจกรรมที่ยาวนาน)
17. อะไรคือปญหาการยศาสตรญ
There are also environmental factors associated with the workplace thatThere are also environmental factors associated with the workplace that
can cause problems.
Extreme high temperatures can increase the rate at which the body willExtreme high temperatures can increase the rate at which the body will
fatigue. Exposure of the hands and feet to cold temperatures can
decrease blood flow, muscle strength, and manual dexterity. These
conditions can also cause excessive grip force to be applied to toolg p pp
handles or objects. Another problem may be caused by tools or
equipment that exhaust cold or hot air directly onto the operator.
In addition, the lighting in a workplace may be too dark or too bright for
the work task. This may result in employees assuming awkward
postures to accomplish work tasks and a loss of product quality. We
will cover these factors in more detail in upcoming moduleswill cover these factors in more detail in upcoming modules.
18. ความผิดปกติของกลามเนื้อและโครง
กระดกจากการทํางานกระดูกจากการทางาน
What Are Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs)?What Are Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs)?
(ความผิดปกติของกลามเนื้อและโครงกระดูกจากการทํางาน)
Occasionally, in reading safety literature, you will come
across this term. WMSDs are nothing more than MSDs
caused or made worse by the work environment WMSDscaused or made worse by the work environment. WMSDs
can cause severe and debilitating symptoms such as:
– Pain(เจ็บปวด), numbness(อาการชา, อาการไมรูสึก), and tingling(เจ็บ
ยิบๆ )ยบๆ )
– reduced worker productivity
– lost time from work
temporary or permanent disability– temporary or permanent disability
– inability to perform job tasks
– an increase in workers compensation costs.
19. ปจจัยเสี่ยงจากสามดาน
The interaction of three risk factor areas
Ergonomics studies the various risk factors brought to a
job. There are three areas within which ergonomics riskjob e e a e t ee a eas t c e go o cs s
factors exist:
• Risk factors inherent in
the workerthe worker
• Risk factors inherent
in the task
• Risk factors inherent
in the environment
20. อะไรคือปญหาการยศาสตรญ
Workers come in all shapes and sizes, each with
unique attributes that present certain ergonomic
risk factors to a given job. The task(s) of the job,
it lf t i k f t th t i thitself, can present risk factors that increase the
likelihood of an injury. Finally, the workplace
environment within which the worker and jobenvironment, within which the worker and job
exist, may also contain exposures to risk factors.
We will cover each of these three risk factorWe will cover each of these three risk factor
categories in the course
21. ผลกระทบจากปญหาการยศาสตรญ
The impact of ergonomics
Medical costs and workers’ compensation claims for
serious MSDs(สถิติในประเทศไทย…..). It makes
sense to give serious consideration to the risk
factors in a workplace
22. RISK FACTORS INHERENT IN THE
WORKERWORKER
The worker brings certainThe worker brings certain
ergonomic risk factors to the
job.
It's important to understand that each
worker's ability to respond to externaly p
factors, such as high force demands, is
different and unique. The level, duration,
and frequency of the loads imposed on
tissues as well as adequacy of recoverytissues, as well as adequacy of recovery
time, are critical components in whether
increased tolerance (a training or
conditioning effect) occurs, or whetherg )
reduced capacity occurs which can lead to
cumulative trauma disorders CTDs as well
as other musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).
23. The Musculoskeletal Systemy
Th l k l t l t i d fThe musculoskeletal system is made up of
the soft tissue and bones in the body.
These are the parts of theThese are the parts of the
musculoskeletal system:
• Bones: the load-bearing structure of the body.
• Muscles: tissues that contract to create movement.
• Tendons: tissue that connects muscles to bones.Tendons: tissue that connects muscles to bones.
• Ligaments: tissue that connects bones to bones.
• Cartilage: tissue that provides cushioning and reduces
friction between bones.friction between bones.
• Nerves: the communication system that links muscles,
tendons, and other tissue with the brain.
• Blood vessels: tubes that circulate nutrients throughoutBlood vessels: tubes that circulate nutrients throughout
the body.
24. RISK FACTORS INHERENT IN THE
WORKERWORKER
The following personal risk factors may be generalized across
populations, but it's important to understand that, when
d i i k t ti d h ld d idesigning a workstation or procedure, you should design
for the specific individual(s) working at that workstation.
Among these are the following:
AGE
The prevalence of CTDs increases as people enter their
working years. By the age of 35, most people have hadworking years. By the age of 35, most people have had
their first episode of back pain. Once in their working years
(ages 25 to 65), however, the prevalence is relatively
consistent. Musculoskeletal impairments are among the
most prevalent and symptomatic health problems of middlemost prevalent and symptomatic health problems of middle
and old age.
Nonetheless, age groups with the highest rates of
compensable back pain and strains are the 20–24 agecompensable back pain and strains are the 20 24 age
group for men, and 30–34 age group for women. In
addition to decreases in musculoskeletal function due to the
development of age-related degenerative disorders, loss of
tissue strength with age may increase the probability ortissue strength with age may increase the probability or
severity of soft tissue damage from a given insult.
25. RISK FACTORS INHERENT IN THE
WORKERWORKER
GENDERGENDER
Whether the gender difference seen with
some MSDs in some studies is due toso e S s so e stud es s due to
physiological differences or differences in
exposure is unclear. One 1991 study found no
gender difference in workers compensation
claims for CTS Another study found noclaims for CTS. Another study found no
gender difference in reporting of neck or
upper extremity MSD symptoms among
newspaper employees using video displayp p p y g p y
terminals (VDTs).
In contrast, other studies have reported that
neck and shoulder muscular pain is moreneck and shoulder muscular pain is more
common among females than males, both in
the general population and among industrial
workers.
26. RISK FACTORS INHERENT IN THE
WORKERWORKER
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
The relationship of physical activity and
MSDs is more complicated than just
“cause and effect ” Physical activity maycause and effect. Physical activity may
cause injury. However, the lack of
physical activity may increase
susceptibility to injury, and after injury,
th th h ld f f th i j i d dthe threshold for further injury is reduced.
We can define "fitness" for most physical
activities as combinations of strengthactivities as combinations of strength,
endurance, flexibility, musculoskeletal
timing and coordination. In a study of
male fire fighters, physical fitness and
diti i d t h i ifi tconditioning appeared to have significant
preventive effects on back injuries.
However, the most fit group had the most
severe back injuriessevere back injuries
27. RISK FACTORS INHERENT IN THE
WORKERWORKER
STRENGTH
Some epidemiologic support exists for the relationship
between back injury and a mismatch of physical
strength and job tasks. One important study found a
sharp increase in back injury rates in subjectssharp increase in back injury rates in subjects
performing jobs requiring strength that was greater or
equal to their isometric strength-test values. The risk
was three times greater in the weaker subjects.
A second study evaluated the risk of back injuries and
strength and found the risk to be three times greater in
the weaker subjects. They found that job matching
based on st ength c ite ia appea ed to be beneficialbased on strength criteria appeared to be beneficial.
In another prospective study, it was found that reduced
strength of back flexor muscles was a consistent
di t f t i t t b k i b t thipredictor of recurrent or persistent back pain, but this
association was not found for first time occurrence of
back pain.
28. RISK FACTORS INHERENT IN THE
WORKERWORKER
Strength vs energy of work: Which isStrength vs. energy of work: Which is
most important?
Strength is important, but notSt e gt s po ta t, but ot
necessarily the key. “Heavy work”
stresses the heart and lungs which may
result in rapid fatigue - general or
localized The probability of injurylocalized. The probability of injury
increases as muscles weaken.
Consequently, demanding repetitive or
static muscular work requires energy, notq gy,
necessarily strength. You may be strong,
but not have sufficient energy to do the
task.
29. RISK FACTORS INHERENT IN THE
WORKERWORKER
ANTHROPOMETRY (ขนาดสัดสวน)
Workers come in all shapes and sizes, and so designing for only the
"average" person in one group or segment causes problems for
everyone else who does not fit into that group.
Anthropometry studies the differences by measuring various bodyp y y g y
characteristics, including weight, physical range of mobility, and body
dimensions. This information is then used by designers to engineer
tools, equipment, furniture and workstations for maximum efficiency for
each individual worker.
Weight, height, body mass index (BMI) (a ratio of weight to height
squared), and obesity have all been identified in studies as potential
risk factors for certain MSDs, especially Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)
and lumbar disc herniation.
The relationship of CTS and BMI has been suggested to relate to
increased fatty tissue within the carpal canal or to increased hydrostatic
pressure throughout the carpal canal in obese persons compared with
slender persons. Carpal tunnel canal size and wrist size has been
suggested as a risk factor for CTS, however, some studies have linked
b h ll d l lboth small and large canal areas to CTS.
Some studies have reported that people with back pain, are, on the
average, taller than those without it. A Finnish population study found
that height was a significant predictor of herniated lumber disc in both
b d l i d BMI di i l isexes, but a moderately increased BMI was predictive only in men.
30. RISK FACTORS INHERENT IN THE
TASKTASK
Risk factors the task itself brings to the jobRisk factors the task, itself, brings to the job
In addition to considering those worker attributes that may increase
the risk of injury, we must also analyze those risk factors the job,t e s o ju y, e ust a so a a y e t ose s acto s t e job,
itself, brings to the work. We look at the task variables in the
workplace that may each increase or decrease the risk of CTDs
depending on its design and location.
In large measure, work processes are determined by:
– ToolsTools
– Equipment
– Furniture
– Machineryy
– Materials
– Workstation layout
31. RISK FACTORS INHERENT IN THE
TASKTASK
How much force is required?
Forcefulness is the amount of physical effort
required by the person to do a task and/or
maintain control of tools and equipment. Theq p
effort depends on the type of grip, object weight,
object dimensions, body posture, type of activity,
slipperiness of object, temperature, pinching,
vibration duration of the task and number ofvibration, duration of the task and number of
repetitions. Using the body to move another object
can result in forces being exerted on internal body
tissues that can result in compression of the spine,p p
tension within a muscle/tendon groups.
Examples of work activities that exert force on the
body include lifting lowering pushing pullingbody include lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling,
pinching, pounding, hitting, and jumping.
32. RISK FACTORS INHERENT IN THE
TASKTASK
You're a lever!
Every time you lift, a lever action is accomplished that amplifies the
compressive forces on the back. Take a look at the drawing below. Lifting
55 pounds at a distance from your shoulder (the fulcrum) of 22 inches will
result in 550 pounds of compressive forces on the lower backresult in 550 pounds of compressive forces on the lower back.
33. RISK FACTORS INHERENT IN THE
TASKTASK
A i ht th t th f i d t dAs you might guess, the greater the force required to do
the work, the greater the degree of risk. Remember, too,
that you must consider other risk factors (such as posture,t at you ust co s de ot e s acto s (suc as postu e,
velocity, repetition, and duration)in conjunction with force
to accurately estimate the degree of risk of injury.
For instance, the likelihood of injury from pushing a 200 lb.
cart would increase depending on the posture assumed
while pushing. Common locations of injury due to exerting
excessive force are the neck/shoulder, low back, foot/ankle
and wrist/handand wrist/hand.
34. Risk of injuryj y
The e a e fi e fo ce elatedThere are five force-related
conditions to consider which may
increase the risk of injury.increase the risk of injury.
Contact Trauma.
When any part of your body presses
against an external object, the resulting
sustained force may cause too muchsustained force may cause too much
mechanical stress on tissues. It is also
possible for excessive mechanical stresspossible for excessive mechanical stress
to be produced from the impact shock
of an object against a part of the body.
35. Risk of injuryj y
Grip.p
There's a right way and a wrong way to grip an object.
This combination of force and posture, if not
accomplished correctly may result in harm to the handaccomplished correctly, may result in harm to the hand.
Two basic grips are used when handling tools,
equipment or materials:
• The Pinch Grip which depends on the fingers to exert
the force and manipulate the object. This grip strategyp j g p gy
requires much greater muscle strength so it is more
likely going to cause an injury.
• The Power Grip uses the muscles of the entire hand to
apply force and manipulate objects. Consequently, it's
the most effective and safest grip to usethe most effective, and safest, grip to use.
36. Risk of injuryj y
Static E e tionStatic Exertion.
Standing sitting o othe ise emaining in oneStanding, sitting, or otherwise remaining in one
posture for a long duration while you perform a
task, can increase the likelihood of injury. Statictask, can increase the likelihood of injury. Static
exertion combines force, posture, and duration
to create a condition that quickly fatigues our
muscles which increases the chances ofmuscles which increases the chances of
acquiring a cumulative trauma disorder (CTD).
The greater the force, more awkward theThe greater the force, more awkward the
posture, and longer the duration, the greater
the risk.
37. Risk of injuryj y
Symptoms of excessive static loadSymptoms of excessive static load
Symptoms Possible Ergonomic Cause
Feet, legs ache,
varicose veins
Standing in one place too long.
Lower back pain Trunk curved forward while standing or sitting.
Shoulder and
arm pain
Arms outstretched, sideways, forward or upwards.
Shoulders forced up due to position of workarm pain Shoulders forced up due to position of work.
Neck pain Head inclined too much backwards or forward.
Forearm pain Unnatural grip. Static grip too forceful.
Wrist pain Repetitive hand or finger motion.Wrist pain Repetitive hand or finger motion.
38. Risk of injuryj y
Gloves.
Have you ever worn thick leather gloves while
trying to accomplish some kind of intricate
manipulation of small objects? Try it: you will be
frustrated Whenever you wear gloves morefrustrated. Whenever you wear gloves, more
grip force is required to a particular task. With
the need for more force, increased risk of injury
is occurs.
Bulky clothes.
Wearing bulky clothes, like heavy rain gear or
t ti l thi f i h dprotective clothing for removing hazardous
waste, will increase the effort required by
muscles to do work. Any time you increase the
force necessary to complete a task risk of injuryforce necessary to complete a task, risk of injury
also increases.
39. Risk of injuryj y
VibrationVibration
When handling vibrating tools for a
prolonged duration vascularprolonged duration, vascular
insufficiency in the hand and
fingers which can also result in
interference with sensory receptorinterference with sensory receptor
feedback. If a worker can't "feel"
the grip properly, he or she may
compensate by applying morecompensate by applying more
force than is necessary to hold and
handle an object. Segmental
vibration has also been linked tovibration has also been linked to
carpal tunnel syndrome.
40. Risk of injuryj y
Repetition
Repetition is a measure of how frequently we complete
the same motion or exertion during a task. The
it f i k d d th f fseverity of risk depends on the frequency of
repetition, speed of the movement or action, the
number of muscles groups involved, and the required
force. Repetitiveness is influenced by machine or line
i i ti i k d li tipacing, incentive programs, piece work and unrealistic
deadlines. For instance, an experienced worker
packing apples (piece work) may complete many
more similar exertions or movements than a new
k f l h h b fworker. Unfortunately, he or she may be performing
as such a rapid rate that they may be developing a
CTD. Repetition, alone, is not an accurate predictor of
injury. Other factors, like force, posture, duration, andj y , , p , ,
recovery time must be considered.
41. Risk of injuryj y
High Risk Repetition Rates by Different Body Parts
Body Part Repetitions Per Minute
Shoulder More than 2½Shoulder More than 2½
Upper Arm/Elbow More than 10
Forearm/Wrist More than 10
Finger More than 200Finger More than 200
Caution: Do not to judge the risk of MSDs solely on the basis of repetition. Much depends on force and the postural
factors that reflect the effort intensity of each action. In making risk determinations, NIOSH typically supplements
repetition measurements with ratings of the forces being exerted and postural deviations of the body parts that may be
involved. High repetitiveness, when combined with high external forces and extreme postures, probably represents the
highest risk of MSDs.
42. Risk of injuryj y
DurationDuration
Duration is a measure of length of time of
exposure to a risk factor. Of course, thee posu e to a s acto O cou se, t e
assumption is that the longer the duration of
exposure, the greater the risk of injury.
Duration may be measured in seconds,
minutes hours days weeks months andminutes, hours, days, weeks, months, and
even years.
As with most individual risk factors, duration,
must be considered along with other person,
task, and environmental risk factors such as
the physical conditioning of the worker,
posture force weight temperature stressposture, force, weight, temperature, stress,
etc.
43. Risk of injuryj y
Reco e timeRecovery time
Recovery time is a measure of the rest (or low stressy (
activity) period available to the muscle group between
similar exertions. Recovery time is important in
preventing muscle fatigue because oxygen andpreventing muscle fatigue because oxygen and
metabolites are allowed to rejuvenate while uric acid
and other waste products are removed from the muscle
group. Recovery time needed will lengthen as thegroup. Recovery time needed will lengthen as the
duration of the task increases.
44. Risk of injuryj y
PosturePosture
Posture is the position of the body while
performing work activities. Awkwardpe o g o act t es a d
posture is a deviation from the ideal
working posture of arms at the side of the
torso, elbows bent, with the wrists straight.
Awkward postures typically includeAwkward postures typically include
reaching behind, twisting, working
overhead, kneeling, forward or backward
bending, and squatting. If the posture isg, q g p
awkward during work, there is an
increased risk for injury. The more the joint
departs from the neutral position, the
greater the likelihood of injurygreater the likelihood of injury.
45. Risk of injuryj y
There are some specific postures that may be
i t d ith i d i k f i jassociated with increased risk of injury:
• Wrist flexion or extension which occurs regularly is associated withWrist flexion or extension which occurs regularly is associated with
a greater risk of carpal tunnel syndrome.
• Ulnar deviation of the wrist of greater than 20 degrees increases
the risk of pain and other disease.p
• Shoulder abduction or flexion is greater than 60 degrees for more
than one hour a day increases the risk of acute neck and shoulder
pain.
• Hands working at or above shoulder level can result in increased
risk of tendinitis and various shoulder disease.
• The greater the angle of flexion of the neck, the more quickly
potentially severe neck and shoulder pain resultspotentially severe neck and shoulder pain results.
• Bending at the lower back while working increases the likelihood of
low back disorders.
46. Risk of injuryj y
Some rules to follow for sitting workstations:g
• The angle between the upper arm and theg pp
forearm should be 70 to 135 degrees.
• The angle between the upper and lower leg
should be 60 to 100 degreesshould be 60 to 100 degrees.
• The angle between the torso and the thigh should
be 90 to at least 100 degreesbe 90 to at least 100 degrees.
• The feet should be placed flat on the floor.
47. Risk of injuryj y
Velocity/Accelerationy
Angular velocity is nothing more
than the speed at which thethan the speed at which the
body part moves. Acceleration is
the rate of change of the speed
at which the body part moves.at which the body part moves.
For example, a drummer's
hand/wrist may move very
rapidly back and forth whilerapidly back and forth while
drumming. The faster that back
and forth motion occurs, the
greater the risk of injury Othergreater the risk of injury. Other
factors like the weight of the
object being moved, will also
increase riskincrease risk.
48. Risk of injuryj y
Heavy Dynamic Exertiony y
Work requiring heavy physical exertion
places a greater demand on the body'splaces a greater demand on the body s
cardiovascular system to provide the
necessary oxygen and metabolites to
muscle tissue If a muscle group'smuscle tissue. If a muscle group s
demand for metabolites and oxygen
cannot be met, that muscle group will
become fatigued increasing the risk ofbecome fatigued, increasing the risk of
injury. When the muscle is tired and
sore, it's fatigued, and injury may more
likely occur If the entire body becomeslikely occur. If the entire body becomes
fatigued, an actual cardiovascular
failure may occur.