This document discusses different types of epithelial and connective tissues in the body. It describes the characteristics and functions of simple squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and stratified squamous epithelial tissues. It also outlines the classification of body membranes including cutaneous, mucous, and serous membranes. Finally, it reviews the layers of the skin, characteristics of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle tissues, and key aspects of connective tissues.

1. EPITHELIAL TISSUE
 Squamous
 Cuboidal
 Columnar
 Simple
 Stratified

2. Simple squamous: air sacs of
lungs, diffusion

3. Simple cuboidal: kidney tubules,
filtration

4. Simple columnar: lining of intestines,
secretion and absorption

5. Stratified Squamous: skin, lining of mouth,
esophagus and rectum, protection

6. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar,
lines respiratory tract, secretion

7. Epithelial Quiz
 Simple squamous tissue

8. Exocrine Glands: secrete to ducts that
lead into or out of the body
 Merocrine: exocytosis, eccrine sweat
glands, salivary, pancreas, etc
 Apocrine: tip pinches off, axillary and
groin sweat glands
 Holocrine: cells rupture when
secrete, oil glands

9. Endocrine: secrete to blood
 Apocrine: apex pinches off
like a Hershey kiss

10. Classification of Body Membranes
Slide 4.2
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
 Epithelial membranes
Cutaneous membrane
Mucous membrane
Serous membrane
 Connective tissue membranes

11. Cutaneous Membrane
Slide 4.3
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
 Cutaneous membrane = skin
 A dry membrane
 Outermost protective boundary
 Superficial epidermis
 Keratinized stratified
squamous epithelium
 Underlying dermis
 Mostly dense
connective tissue Figure 4.1a

12. Mucous Membranes
Slide 4.4
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
 Surface epithelium
 Type depends on site
 Underlying loose connective
tissue (lamina propria)
 Lines all body cavities
that open to the
exterior body surface
 Often adapted
for absorption/secretion
Figure 4.1b

13. Serous Membranes
Slide 4.5
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
 Surface simple
squamous epithelium
 Underlying areolar
connective tissue
 Lines open body cavities
that are closed to the
exterior of the body
 Serous layers separated
by serous fluid
Figure 4.1c

14. Serous Membranes
 Parietal: against
the body wall
(side)
 Visceral: on the
organs (guts)

15. Serous Membranes
 Heart: visceral and parietal
pericardium
 Lungs: visceral and parietal
pleura
 Intestines: visceral and parietal
peritoneum

16. Functions of skin
 Protects deeper tissues from:
 Mechanical damage
 Chemical damage
 Bacterial damage
 Thermal damage
 Ultraviolet radiation
 Desiccation

17. Skin functions continued
 Aids in heat regulation
 Aids in excretion of urea and uric acid
 Synthesizes vitamin D

18. Skin coloring
 Melanin
 Yellow, brown or black pigments
 Carotene
 Orange-yellow pigment from some vegetables
 Hemoglobin
 Red coloring from blood cells in dermis
capillaries
 Oxygen content determines the extent of red
coloring

20. Review of Skin Layers
 Epidermis: epithelial tissue
 Stratum Corneum (cells full of keratin, dead)
 Stratum Lucidum (only in palms and soles)
 Stratum Granulosum
 Stratum Spinosus
 Stratum Basale (only mitotic layer, contains
melanocytes

21. Dermis: Connective Tissue
 Papillary layer: vascular, fingerprints
 Reticular layer: Contains structures
(sweat and oil glands, hair follicles,
etc)
 Hypodermis: Adipose tissue for
insulation and cushioning

22. Skeletal Muscle Characteristics
Slide 6.3
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
 Most are attached by tendons to bones
 Cells are multinucleate
 Striated – have visible banding
 Voluntary – subject to conscious control
 Cells are surrounded and bundled by
connective tissue

23. Cardiac Muscle Characteristics
Slide 6.7
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
 Has striations
 Usually has a
single nucleus
 Joined to another
muscle cell at an
intercalated disc
 Involuntary
 Found only in the
heart Figure 6.2b

24. Smooth Muscle Characteristics
Slide 6.6
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
 Has no striations
 Spindle-shaped
cells
 Single nucleus
 Involuntary – no
conscious control
 Found mainly in
the walls of hollow
organs
Figure 6.2a

25. Connective Tissue
Characteristics
 Variations in blood supply
 Some tissue types are well vascularized
 Some have poor blood supply or are avascular
 Extracellular matrix
 Non-living material that surrounds living cells

26. Connective Tissue
 Found everywhere in the body
 Includes the most abundant and widely
distributed tissues
 Functions
 Binds body tissues together
 Supports the body
 Provides protection