In this presentation we will discuss the crude rate Discus the crude birth and death rate in Pakistan Describe the specific rate Calculate the specific rate within the certain groups Explain the adjusted rate Identified age-adjusted death rates

1. Different rates
( Crude, Specific, Adjusted)
Presented By: Muhammad Saber

2. Objective
At the end of this presentation learner will we able to:
• Define the crude rate
• Discus the crude birth and death rate in Pakistan
• Describe the specific rate
• Calculate the specific rate within the certain groups
• Explain the adjusted rate
• Identified age-adjusted death rates
2/21/2019 2Crude, Specific and Adjusted

3. Crude Rate
Crude rates also account for the total burden of a health outcome to a
community Include all ages and causes.
2/21/2019 3Crude, Specific and Adjusted

4. Crude Rate Formula
CR = x k
Where :
• E is the number of events.
• P is the mid-year total population.
• k is the constant , often 1,000 or 100,000
E
P
2/21/2019 4Crude, Specific and Adjusted

5. Crude Death Rate
• Its defined as “the number of death per 1000 estimated mid-year
population in one year, in a given place”. It measures the rate at which
death are occurring from various causes in a given population, during a
specified period. The crude death rate is calculated from the formula:
Number of death during the year
Mid-year population
X 1000
2/21/2019 5Crude, Specific and Adjusted

6. Crude Death Rate In Pakistan
In 2018, crude death rate for Pakistan
was 7.18 deaths per thousand
population. Crude death rate of Pakistan
fell gradually from 7.34 deaths per
thousand population in 2015 to 7.18
deaths per thousand population in 2018.
2/21/2019 6Crude, Specific and Adjusted

7. Crude Birth Rate In Pakistan
2/21/2019 7Crude, Specific and Adjusted
In 2018, crude birth rate for Pakistan was 27.1 births per
thousand population. Crude birth rate of Pakistan fell
gradually from 28.7 births per thousand population in 2015 to
27.1 births per thousand population in 2018.
Crude birth rate
indicates the
number of live
births occurring
during the year,
per 1,000
population.

8. Specific Rate
• This statistic measures the number of events (numerator) divided by the
population at risk (denominator), which in the case of age-specific rates
would only include the total number of individuals within a certain
groups.
oAge specific rates
oGender specific rates
oRace specific rates
oCause specific rates
oSite specific rates
2/21/2019 8Crude, Specific and Adjusted

9. Specific Rates Calculation
 Specific death rates due to TB
 Specific death rates for male
 Specific death rates in age group
15-20 years
 Weekly death rate
2/21/2019 Crude, Specific and Adjusted 9
Death in the week x 52
Mid year population
Specific death rates due to TB during a calendar year
Mid Year population
X 1000
Specific death rates for males during a calendar year
Mid Year population of male
X 1000
X 1000
X 1000
Specific death rates in age group 15-20 during a calendar year
Mid Year population of persons 15-20 years

10. Age Specific Rates
2/21/2019 10Crude, Specific and Adjusted

11. Exposures And Risk Factors For Hepatitis
Infection In Pakistan
• Data were collected on whether participants had ever received
hemodialysis, blood transfusion, had a history of surgery, practiced
matam, had visited a dentist, had visited a barber, shared a
toothbrush, had either a tattoo or acupuncture, had either an ear or
nose piercing. The number of medical injections received in the last
year (0, 1–4, 5–10, > 10), and the type or syringe used (none, new
disposable, reused syringe, don’t know) was recorded.
2/21/2019 11Crude, Specific and Adjusted

12. Adjusted Rate
• Age adjusting rates is a way to make fairer comparisons between groups
with different age distributions.
Computation:
An example of the computation of an age-adjusted death rate (AADR).
That is, for each age group, ASDR = deaths in age group ÷ estimated
population of that age group × 100,000.
2/21/2019 12Crude, Specific and Adjusted

13. Crude And Age-Adjusted Death Rates For
Hyperglycemic Crises As Underlying Cause Decreased
2/21/2019 13Crude, Specific and Adjusted
Both the crude and age-
adjusted death rates for
hypoglycemia crises as
underlying cause
decreased from 1980 to
2009. Declines in the
crude and age-adjusted
rates were similar. The
age-adjusted rate
decreased 64 % from 48.4
per 100,000 diabetic
population in 1980 to 17.3
per 100,000 diabetic
population in 2009

14. References
• Park, K. (2012). Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine. 12th ed. Jabalpur India.
• Pakistan | PK: Birth Rate: Crude: per 1000 People | Economic Indicators [Internet]. Ceicdata.com. 2019.
• Naeem I, hussain D, kumar. Pattern of cardiovascular diseases according to age and gender in a rural district of
pakistan:department of community health sciences, the aga khan university, karachi. 2013 vol. 46 (03) : 178-183
• Knoema. (2019). Search - knoema.com. [online] Available at:
https://knoema.com/search?query=death%20rate%20in%20pakistan [Accessed 25 Feb. 2019].
• Umpierrez GE, Kelly JP, Navarrete JE, Casals MM, Kitabchi AE (1997). "Hyperglycemic crises in urban blacks". Arch.
Intern. Med. 157 (6): 669–75.
• Importance and Contribution of Community, Social, and Healthcare Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Infection in
Pakistan. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 97(6), pp.1920-1928.
• Anderson RN, Rosenberg HM. Age Standardization of Death Rates: Implementation of the Year 2000 Standard.
National Vital Statistics Reports; Vol. 47 No. 3. Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics. 1998.
2/21/2019 14Crude, Specific and Adjusted

15. 2/21/2019 15Crude, Specific and Adjusted