Epidemiology of mumps

1. Epidemiology
of Mumps
Dr. Madhu S M

2. Mumps
e
s
-
t
r
e
An acute infectious diseas
caused by an RNA virus.
 Clinically, the disease i
recognized by non
suppurative enlargemen
and tenderness of one o
both the parotid glands.
Other organs may also b
involved.

4. Problem statement
In most parts of the world, the
annual incidence of mumps in the
absence of immunization is in the
range of 100- 1000 cases/
1,00,000 population with epidemic
peak every 2-5 years.

5. Agent factors
a. Agent - Myxovirus parotiditis is a RNA virus
of the myxovirus family.
b. Source of infection
 Clinical and subclinical cases.
 Subclinical cases - 30-40 per cent of all cases
and responsible for maintaining the cycle of
infection.
c. Period of communicability - 4-6 days before the
onset of symptoms and a week or more
thereafter.
d. Secondary attack rate - 86 per cent.

6. Host factors
a. Age –5-9 years of age.
b. Immunity
 One attack, clinical or subclinical, is assumed
to induce lifelong immunity.
 Most infants belowthe age of 6 months
are immune because of maternal
antibodies.

7. Environmental factors
 Cases occur throughout the year, but the peak
incidence is in winter and spring.
 Epidemics are often associated with
overcrowding.

8. Mode of transmission
1. Droplet infection
2. Direct contact with an infected person.

9. Incubation period
Varies from 2 to 4 weeks, usually 14-18 days

10. Clinical features
Mumps is a generalized virus infection.
 30-40 per cent of cases mumps infection is
clinically non-apparent.
In clinically apparent cases,
 Pain and swelling in either one or both the parotid
glands
 It may also involve the sublingual and
submandibular glands.
 The child complains of ear ache on the affected
side prior to the onset of swelling.

11.  There may be pain and stiffness on opening
the mouth.
 Mumps may also affect the testes, pancreas,
CNS, ovaries, prostate, etc.
 In severe cases, there may be fever, headache
and other constitutional symptoms which may
last from 3-5 days.
 The swelling subsides slowly over 1-2 weeks.

12. Complication
s
Orchitis- Inflammation of testicles.
Ovaritis
Pancreatitis
Meningoencephalitis
Thyroiditis
Neuritis
Hepatitis
 Myocarditis
Sensorineural deafness

13. Prevention
Live attenuated vaccine
Widely-used live attenuated mumps vaccine
strains include the JerylLynn, RIT 4385,
Leningrad-3, L-Zagreb and Urabe strains.
Single dose (0.5 ml) intramuscularly produces
detectable antibodies in 95 per cent of vaccines.
First dose –over 1 year of age children, either
alone or in combination(MMR)
Second dose –at 4-6 years of age

14. Control
 The control of mumps is difficult because the
disease is infectious before a diagnosis can be
made.
 The long and variable incubation period and the
occurrence of subclinical cases make the control
of spread difficult.
 Isolation - Cases should be isolated till the
clinical manifestations subside.
 Disinfection of the articles used by the patient.
 Surveillance - Contacts should be kept under
surveillance.

15. Thank You !