Nosocomial infections, also known as healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), pose a significant problem in healthcare facilities. Exchanging patient data between clinicians and public health agencies could help address the spread of HAIs. Empirical data mapping patient movement networks and monitoring HAI spread could improve understanding and response. Standardized HAI surveillance data collected annually from healthcare facilities is considered open access and can be used by researchers and health organizations without ethical restrictions to advance public health goals like HAI prevention.
Grand Canyon University Statistics in Healthcare Discussion.docxwrite31
Historical health statistics have enabled improvements in identifying current healthcare concepts and improving public health by comparing current data to past occurrences. Such statistics influence resource allocation, research, clinical trials, treatments, costs, education, and patient outcomes. Health statistics are crucial for understanding populations' needs, advocating for resources, and enhancing healthcare. They also help assess service requirements, allocate funding, and determine if additional government grants are needed. Statistics verify medication quality and identify areas for improvement. They can also influence new product development through supporting improved trials and inventions. An influential 1992 report used mathematical models to quantify how HIV was spreading globally and assess efforts to limit its transmission and other diseases like tuberculosis.
Running head ROLE OF DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY IN NURSING SCIENCE .docxtodd521
Running head: ROLE OF DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY IN NURSING SCIENCE 1
ROLE OF DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY IN NURSING SCIENCE 8
Role of Descriptive Epidemiology in Nursing Science
Steve Akinbehinje
DNP/825- Population Management
May 22, 2019
Descriptive Epidemiology
According to Naito (2014), “descriptive epidemiology is the epidemiological studies with much of the activities being in the descriptive component rather than the analytical component”. From the analytical epidemiology prospective, descriptive epidemiology deals with the reporting and identification of patterns and frequency of disease process in a population. In descriptive epidemiology, “the focus is on the occurrence of the diseases which is described through temporal trends and geographical comparisons” (Cassone & Mody, 2015). Descriptive epidemiology is therefore at the realm of evidence-based pyramid, they dictate an influence that is strong in the approach of epidemiology. Prevalence and incidence data of disease are relevant in today’s healthcare setting and research.
Relationship of Descriptive Epidemiology in Nursing Science
Unarguably, descriptive epidemiology centers on distribution and frequency of the health-related exposure or health outcome. “The analysis of who is affected by health outcome and how common it is showing prevalence as well as incidence” (Kim & Hooper, 2014). Person, place, and time can describe the aspect of people affected. An example in the explanation of the description of the distribution of health outcome with elements such as geography, population and time. “These aspects are crucial in nursing science as they provide a guideline which will be employed in the provision of quality care to outcome” (Montoya, Cassone & Mody, 2016). Subsequently, better understanding of disease severity is increased which enhance the development of prevention and management strategies. Whenever there is an improvement in healthcare outcome, the process that allows understanding of the changes that resulted in attaining the improvement is made possible through descriptive epidemiology.
Role of Descriptive Epidemiology in Nursing Science
Health data source and disease surveillance system are used to gather information when monitoring disease and health trends, and they are organized in such a way that enables the data to be systematically analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Thus, the discrepancies in the frequency of the disease can be better understood over a given time (Fazel, Geddes & Kushel, 2014). Moreover, better understanding of disease variation of individuals in the basis of personal traits such as place and time is made possible thereby making the process of planning resources to address healthcare issues of the population easier. “The hypothesis that are used in making of the determinants about health and diseases are generated from the descriptive epidemiology” (Karimi et al., 2014). Most importantly, generating hypothesis is an initial s.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS COUNSELLING AND TESTING ...Razak Mohammed Gyasi
Since 2003, the HIV Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) has been identified as one of the key strategies in the HIV/AIDS prevention, control and care programmes in Ghana. However, utilization of this service is low among Ghanaian youth. This study examined predictors associated with VCT utilization among youth in Ghana. This study utilized quantitative and qualitative data in a cross-sectional survey in three sub-metropolitan areas in Kumasi. Using a multi-variate regression, evidence from 120 respondents showed potential factors associated with VCT utilization. The qualitative data were subjected to a content analysis through direct quotes. The results suggest that less than 30% of the youth had ever tested for HIV through VC. Women were more likely to avail themselves for counselling testing than men. Psychological and emotional trauma experienced by the seropositive, lack of confidentiality, proximity to VCT sites, HIV-related stigma inter alia, were found to be strongly associated with HIV VCT in the study prefecture. VCT utilization among the youth in Ghana was low and affected by HIV/AIDS-related stigma and residence. In order to increase VCT acceptability, HIV/AIDS prevention and control programs in the country should focus on reducing HIV/AIDS-related stigma.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS COUNSELLING AND TESTING ...Razak Mohammed Gyasi
Since 2003, the HIV Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) has been identified as one of the key strategies in the HIV/AIDS prevention, control and care programmes in Ghana. However, utilization of this service is low among Ghanaian youth. This study examined predictors associated with VCT utilization among youth in Ghana. This study utilized quantitative and qualitative data in a cross-sectional survey in three sub-metropolitan areas in Kumasi. Using a multi-variate regression, evidence from 120 respondents showed potential factors associated with VCT utilization. The qualitative data were subjected to a content analysis through direct quotes. The results suggest that less than 30% of the youth had ever tested for HIV through VC. Women were more likely to avail themselves for counselling testing than men. Psychological and emotional trauma experienced by the seropositive, lack of confidentiality, proximity to VCT sites, HIV-related stigma inter alia, were found to be strongly associated with HIV VCT in the study prefecture. VCT utilization among the youth in Ghana was low and affected by HIV/AIDS-related stigma and residence. In order to increase VCT acceptability, HIV/AIDS prevention and control programs in the country should focus on reducing HIV/AIDS-related stigma.
Public Perceptions of the Role of Traditional Medicine in the Health Care Del...Razak Mohammed Gyasi
This document discusses factors associated with HIV counselling and testing acceptance among youth in Kumasi, Ghana. It provides background on Ghana's HIV rates, particularly among youth. Counselling and testing is presented as an important prevention and treatment strategy. However, uptake remains low, especially among men. The document reviews various psychosocial, economic, and demographic factors that can influence testing decisions. It notes that improving testing rates among men could positively impact women's testing as well. The study aims to understand predictors of counselling and testing acceptance among youth in Kumasi to help design effective HIV prevention and treatment policies. It will involve collecting data between December 2012 and March 2013 in the Kumasi Metropolitan area of Ghana.
This document discusses epidemiological studies and their importance in public health. It begins by defining epidemiology as the study of disease distribution and determinants in populations. It describes how epidemiological studies measure disease frequency using incidence and prevalence rates to understand disease occurrence. It also explains how epidemiological studies identify risk factors associated with diseases. The document highlights the role of epidemiology in informing public health policies and interventions to improve population health and prevent disease. It emphasizes how epidemiological research is essential for investigating disease outbreaks and developing evidence-based strategies to control transmission.
Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in populations. It has evolved rapidly in recent decades from focusing only on disease distribution and causation to also examining health events, treatment modalities, and health services. Modern epidemiology identifies risk factors for chronic diseases and evaluates prevention and treatment options to improve population health.
Nosocomial infections, also known as healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), pose a significant problem in healthcare facilities. Exchanging patient data between clinicians and public health agencies could help address the spread of HAIs. Empirical data mapping patient movement networks and monitoring HAI spread could improve understanding and response. Standardized HAI surveillance data collected annually from healthcare facilities is considered open access and can be used by researchers and health organizations without ethical restrictions to advance public health goals like HAI prevention.
Grand Canyon University Statistics in Healthcare Discussion.docxwrite31
Historical health statistics have enabled improvements in identifying current healthcare concepts and improving public health by comparing current data to past occurrences. Such statistics influence resource allocation, research, clinical trials, treatments, costs, education, and patient outcomes. Health statistics are crucial for understanding populations' needs, advocating for resources, and enhancing healthcare. They also help assess service requirements, allocate funding, and determine if additional government grants are needed. Statistics verify medication quality and identify areas for improvement. They can also influence new product development through supporting improved trials and inventions. An influential 1992 report used mathematical models to quantify how HIV was spreading globally and assess efforts to limit its transmission and other diseases like tuberculosis.
Running head ROLE OF DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY IN NURSING SCIENCE .docxtodd521
Running head: ROLE OF DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY IN NURSING SCIENCE 1
ROLE OF DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY IN NURSING SCIENCE 8
Role of Descriptive Epidemiology in Nursing Science
Steve Akinbehinje
DNP/825- Population Management
May 22, 2019
Descriptive Epidemiology
According to Naito (2014), “descriptive epidemiology is the epidemiological studies with much of the activities being in the descriptive component rather than the analytical component”. From the analytical epidemiology prospective, descriptive epidemiology deals with the reporting and identification of patterns and frequency of disease process in a population. In descriptive epidemiology, “the focus is on the occurrence of the diseases which is described through temporal trends and geographical comparisons” (Cassone & Mody, 2015). Descriptive epidemiology is therefore at the realm of evidence-based pyramid, they dictate an influence that is strong in the approach of epidemiology. Prevalence and incidence data of disease are relevant in today’s healthcare setting and research.
Relationship of Descriptive Epidemiology in Nursing Science
Unarguably, descriptive epidemiology centers on distribution and frequency of the health-related exposure or health outcome. “The analysis of who is affected by health outcome and how common it is showing prevalence as well as incidence” (Kim & Hooper, 2014). Person, place, and time can describe the aspect of people affected. An example in the explanation of the description of the distribution of health outcome with elements such as geography, population and time. “These aspects are crucial in nursing science as they provide a guideline which will be employed in the provision of quality care to outcome” (Montoya, Cassone & Mody, 2016). Subsequently, better understanding of disease severity is increased which enhance the development of prevention and management strategies. Whenever there is an improvement in healthcare outcome, the process that allows understanding of the changes that resulted in attaining the improvement is made possible through descriptive epidemiology.
Role of Descriptive Epidemiology in Nursing Science
Health data source and disease surveillance system are used to gather information when monitoring disease and health trends, and they are organized in such a way that enables the data to be systematically analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Thus, the discrepancies in the frequency of the disease can be better understood over a given time (Fazel, Geddes & Kushel, 2014). Moreover, better understanding of disease variation of individuals in the basis of personal traits such as place and time is made possible thereby making the process of planning resources to address healthcare issues of the population easier. “The hypothesis that are used in making of the determinants about health and diseases are generated from the descriptive epidemiology” (Karimi et al., 2014). Most importantly, generating hypothesis is an initial s.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS COUNSELLING AND TESTING ...Razak Mohammed Gyasi
Since 2003, the HIV Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) has been identified as one of the key strategies in the HIV/AIDS prevention, control and care programmes in Ghana. However, utilization of this service is low among Ghanaian youth. This study examined predictors associated with VCT utilization among youth in Ghana. This study utilized quantitative and qualitative data in a cross-sectional survey in three sub-metropolitan areas in Kumasi. Using a multi-variate regression, evidence from 120 respondents showed potential factors associated with VCT utilization. The qualitative data were subjected to a content analysis through direct quotes. The results suggest that less than 30% of the youth had ever tested for HIV through VC. Women were more likely to avail themselves for counselling testing than men. Psychological and emotional trauma experienced by the seropositive, lack of confidentiality, proximity to VCT sites, HIV-related stigma inter alia, were found to be strongly associated with HIV VCT in the study prefecture. VCT utilization among the youth in Ghana was low and affected by HIV/AIDS-related stigma and residence. In order to increase VCT acceptability, HIV/AIDS prevention and control programs in the country should focus on reducing HIV/AIDS-related stigma.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS COUNSELLING AND TESTING ...Razak Mohammed Gyasi
Since 2003, the HIV Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) has been identified as one of the key strategies in the HIV/AIDS prevention, control and care programmes in Ghana. However, utilization of this service is low among Ghanaian youth. This study examined predictors associated with VCT utilization among youth in Ghana. This study utilized quantitative and qualitative data in a cross-sectional survey in three sub-metropolitan areas in Kumasi. Using a multi-variate regression, evidence from 120 respondents showed potential factors associated with VCT utilization. The qualitative data were subjected to a content analysis through direct quotes. The results suggest that less than 30% of the youth had ever tested for HIV through VC. Women were more likely to avail themselves for counselling testing than men. Psychological and emotional trauma experienced by the seropositive, lack of confidentiality, proximity to VCT sites, HIV-related stigma inter alia, were found to be strongly associated with HIV VCT in the study prefecture. VCT utilization among the youth in Ghana was low and affected by HIV/AIDS-related stigma and residence. In order to increase VCT acceptability, HIV/AIDS prevention and control programs in the country should focus on reducing HIV/AIDS-related stigma.
Public Perceptions of the Role of Traditional Medicine in the Health Care Del...Razak Mohammed Gyasi
This document discusses factors associated with HIV counselling and testing acceptance among youth in Kumasi, Ghana. It provides background on Ghana's HIV rates, particularly among youth. Counselling and testing is presented as an important prevention and treatment strategy. However, uptake remains low, especially among men. The document reviews various psychosocial, economic, and demographic factors that can influence testing decisions. It notes that improving testing rates among men could positively impact women's testing as well. The study aims to understand predictors of counselling and testing acceptance among youth in Kumasi to help design effective HIV prevention and treatment policies. It will involve collecting data between December 2012 and March 2013 in the Kumasi Metropolitan area of Ghana.
This document discusses epidemiological studies and their importance in public health. It begins by defining epidemiology as the study of disease distribution and determinants in populations. It describes how epidemiological studies measure disease frequency using incidence and prevalence rates to understand disease occurrence. It also explains how epidemiological studies identify risk factors associated with diseases. The document highlights the role of epidemiology in informing public health policies and interventions to improve population health and prevent disease. It emphasizes how epidemiological research is essential for investigating disease outbreaks and developing evidence-based strategies to control transmission.
Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in populations. It has evolved rapidly in recent decades from focusing only on disease distribution and causation to also examining health events, treatment modalities, and health services. Modern epidemiology identifies risk factors for chronic diseases and evaluates prevention and treatment options to improve population health.
This summary provides an overview of a systematic review of 34 HIV/AIDS mass communication campaigns from 1998 to 2007:
1) The review found that campaigns increasingly employed strategies recommended for effective design such as targeted audiences developed through segmentation, behavior-focused themes, use of behavioral theory, high message exposure, stronger research designs, and inclusion of behavior measures.
2) An examination of 10 campaigns using more rigorous designs found that the majority (8 of 10) demonstrated effects on behavior change or intentions.
3) However, most campaigns still used weak pre-experimental evaluation designs, indicating room for improved evaluation practices.
Healthcare seeking and sexual behaviour of clients attending the suntreso sti...Alexander Decker
A study of 185 clients with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) attending an STI clinic in Kumasi, Ghana found that 64% delayed seeking treatment for more than 4 weeks after symptoms appeared. 61% had previously sought treatment elsewhere before coming to the clinic. 80% had unprotected sex while symptomatic. The document discusses factors that influence healthcare seeking behaviors for STIs, including long wait times, stigma, lack of privacy, and attitudes of healthcare providers. It also examines sexual behaviors among STI patients, noting that most engage in unprotected sex during symptomatic periods. Understanding these healthcare seeking patterns and behaviors can help develop more effective STI prevention and control programs.
Compliance to annual ivermectin treatment in abia state,Alexander Decker
The study assessed compliance with annual ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis in Abia State, Nigeria over 14 years. A survey of 558 individuals found that 55.4% had previously taken ivermectin, but only 22.7% of those were "high compliers" who had taken it 8 or more times. The overall percentage of high compliers was 12.6%. Reasons for low compliance included lack of information, no reason for refusal, absence from village, and no distribution. The reasons given did not significantly affect general compliance levels.
5.principles and methods of epidemiologyRajeev Kumar
This document provides an overview of epidemiology including:
1. It defines epidemiology as the study of disease distribution and determinants in populations in order to control health problems.
2. The three pillars of epidemiology are measuring disease frequency, distribution, and determinants.
3. Key epidemiological methods are observational studies like cohort and case-control studies, and experimental randomized controlled trials.
This document discusses the relationship between epidemiology and public health. It argues that epidemiology has become too focused on identifying disease risk factors and transmission, and has lost sight of its original goal of improving overall population health. It proposes that epidemiology should adopt a more holistic approach that integrates biological, social, and analytical perspectives to better inform public health interventions and policies. Recent decades have seen the growth of international training programs to develop epidemiologists able to address global health challenges.
Global HIV cohort studies among IDU and future vaccine trialsThira Woratanarat
The author reviewed data on the global HIV epidemic among injecting drug users (IDUs) and identified potential cohorts of IDUs that could participate in future HIV vaccine trials. High HIV prevalence rates were observed among IDUs in many countries in Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and parts of Africa and North America. Several cohort studies also showed high HIV incidence rates among IDUs in China, Thailand, Canada, and Spain. These findings emphasize the seriousness of the IDU epidemic globally and the potential for IDU cohorts to participate in HIV vaccine trials due to demonstrated high participation and retention rates in past studies.
Application of computers in Epidemiology.pptxiqbal606601
Computers play an indispensable role in epidemiology by providing high precision, speed, and accuracy in data collection, analysis, and disease modeling and prediction. They allow epidemiologists to perform complex statistical analyses and simulations to measure disease transmission and identify risk factors. Computer technologies like disease surveillance systems, telemedicine, health management information systems, and geographic information systems have helped improve public health monitoring, access to care, and evidence-based decision making.
Assessment of the level of awareness on AIDS/HIV in Johor, MalaysiaSriramNagarajan17
This document summarizes a study that assessed awareness of HIV/AIDS among 396 respondents in Johor, Malaysia. The study found that respondents had moderately high overall knowledge of HIV/AIDS, though some misconceptions remained. Most respondents knew that high-risk behaviors like needle sharing and unprotected sex can transmit HIV, but fewer were aware of risks from activities like tattooing or sharing personal items. While most knew there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, over half believed incorrectly that washing after sex prevents transmission. The study provides insight into awareness levels and information gaps regarding HIV/AIDS in Johor.
Majority of AIDS patients admitted to BPKIHS were males aged 20-40 years from the Sunsari district. The study analyzed 48 patient records from 2003-2006. It found that over 80% of patients were 20-40 years old, 90% were male, and nearly 50% were from Sunsari. Half of the patients improved with treatment and were discharged, while approximately 15% died. The study concluded that HIV/AIDS rates are increasing in eastern Nepal and awareness activities are needed regarding disease prevention and available treatment services at BPKIHS.
Majority of AIDS patients admitted to BPKIHS were males aged 20-40 years from the Sunsari district. The study found that 83.4% of admitted AIDS patients were between 20-40 years old, 89.6% were male, and 47.9% came from Sunsari district. Half of the patients improved with treatment and were discharged, while 22.9% were discharged without improvement in their condition.
The impact of nurse practitioner regulations onpopulation acdaniatrappit
The impact of nurse practitioner regulations on
population access to care
Donna Felber Neff, PhD, RN, FNAPa,*, Sul Hee Yoon, PhDb, Ruth L. Steiner, PhDc,
Ilir Bejleri, PhDb, Michael D. Bumbach, PhD, FNP-BCd, Damian Everhart, PhD, RNe,
Jeffrey S. Harman, PhDf
a College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
b Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
c Center for Health and the Built Environment, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University Of Florida, Gainesville, FL
d College of Nursing, Department of Family, Community, and Health System Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
e Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, University of Central Florida, Palm City, FL
f Department of Behavioral Sciences & Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
A R T I C L E I N F O
Article history:
Received 15 November 2017
Accepted 5 March 2018
Available online 8 March 2018.
Keywords:
Nurse practitioner scope of
practice
Population access to care
Drive time
State NP practice regulations
A B S T R A C T
Background: By 2025, experts estimate a significant shortage of primary care pro-
viders in the United States, and expansion of the nurse practitioner (NP) workforce
may reduce this burden. However, barriers imposed by state NP regulations could
reduce access to primary care.
Purpose: The objectives of this study were to examine the association between three
levels of NP state practice regulation (independent, minimum restrictive, and most
restrictive) and the proportion of the population with a greater than 30-min travel
time to a primary care provider using geocoding.
Methods: Logistic regression models were conducted to calculate the adjusted odds
of having a greater than 30-min drive time.
Findings: Compared with the most restrictive NP states, states with independent
practice had 19.2% lower odds (p = .001) of a greater than 30-min drive to the closest
primary care provider.
Discussion: Allowing NPs full autonomy to practice may be a relatively simple policy
mechanism for states to improve access to primary care.
Cite this article: Neff, D. F., Yoon, S. H., Steiner, R. L., Bejleri, I., Bumbach, M. D., Everhart, D., & Harman,
J. S. (2018, JULY/AUGUST). The impact of nurse practitioner regulations on population access to care. Nursing
Outlook, 66(4), 379–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.03.001.
Background
The benefits of an adequate supply of primary care pro-
viders on patient health have been well documented in
the scientific literature, including improved care coor-
dination and better overall patient outcomes (Macinko,
Starfield, & Shi, 2007; Starfield, Shi, & Macinko, 2005).
However, a shortage of primary care physicians (MDs)
in the United States is estimated to exceed 52,000 by
2025 (Petterson et al., 2012), most notably in key geo-
graphic locations, including medically underserved and
health professional shortage ...
Up-close and Candid with Acute Febrile Illness in Africa by Stephen Olubulyer...Stephen Olubulyera
This document discusses acute febrile illness (AFI) in Africa. AFI is defined as fever without localized symptoms that resolves within 3 weeks. It is a common cause of illness and death in sub-Saharan Africa. Diagnosing AFI is challenging due to the non-specific presentation of potential causes and limited diagnostic testing. Studies show AFI has many potential causes, including malaria, bacterial and viral infections. More research is needed to better understand the epidemiology and etiology of AFI in different African settings to improve diagnosis and treatment.
Epidemiology slides by Kuya Kabalo.pptxKUYA KABALO
this presentation gives an overview of epidemiology , concepts ,definition , types of epidemiological studies , uses of epidemiology , scope and application of epidemiology
advantages and disadvantages of each epidemiological study
aims of epidemiology is also covered in this presentation
This document outlines the presentation for a study on traditional medicine (TM) utilization in Ghana. It includes an introduction, problem statement discussing Ghana's health system challenges and role of TM, research questions on determinants of TM use, study objectives to examine predictors of use and compare rural/urban areas, hypotheses on factors such as income and education, methodology covering study design using quantitative and qualitative approaches, and references.
This study analyzed monthly trends in rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea diagnosis over 57 months using North Carolina surveillance data. For the college-aged group (19-22), diagnosis rates were significantly higher in March compared to other months. This suggests targeting education and prevention efforts before March may help reduce infections. Further research is needed to understand if this pattern reflects natural disease variation or testing behavior.
Flora DiamreyanLeading Health Promotion for Populations .docxclydes2
The document discusses the role of the Doctor of Nurse Practice (DNP) in promoting population health through various evidence-based strategies. It describes how the DNP can lead efforts to improve population health on local, national, and global scales through prevention methods like health education and immunization. The DNP uses data analysis and program evaluation to design and implement interventions to address health promotion, disease prevention, and access to healthcare resources with the goal of optimizing population health outcomes.
5.principles and methods of epidemiologyRajeev Kumar
This document provides an overview of epidemiology, including its key concepts and methods. It defines epidemiology as the study of health-related states and events in populations and the application of this study to disease control. The three pillars of epidemiology are described as disease frequency, distribution, and determinants. Key epidemiological measurements are outlined, such as mortality, morbidity, and risk factors. Observational study designs like cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies are covered, as well as experimental randomized controlled trials. The document aims to introduce students to the basic concepts and approaches of epidemiology.
Consider this scenario A cyber-attack occurred in a healthcare orAlleneMcclendon878
A cyberattack on a healthcare organization resulted in significant data loss. As an information security consultant, the document outlines recommendations for a 12-slide presentation on an incident response plan for the executive board. The plan would define the goal and scope, analyze impact through a business impact analysis, identify communication requirements, explain the response process, describe relationships to other processes, and recommend priorities and resources.
Comparing Patients’ Experiences in Three Differentiated Service Delivery Mode...Ferdinand C Mukumbang
Differentiated service delivery for HIV treatment seeks to enhance medication adherence while respecting the preferences of people living with HIV. Nevertheless, patients’ experiences of using these differentiated service delivery models or approaches have not been qualitatively compared. Underpinned by the tenets of descriptive phenomenology, we explored and compared the experiences of patients in three differentiated service delivery models using the National Health Services Patient Experience Framework. Data were collected from 68 purposively selected people living with HIV receiving care in Facility adherence clubs, community adherence clubs, and quick pharmacy pick-up. Using the constant comparative thematic analysis approach, we compared themes identified across the different participant groups. Compared to facility adherence clubs and community adherence clubs, patients in the quick pharmacy pick-up model experienced less information sharing; communication and education; and emotional/psychological support. Patients’ positive experience with a differentiated service delivery model is based on how well the model fits into their HIV disease self-management goals.
This document discusses various oral diseases and their causes, including:
- Angular stomatitis and cheilosis, which are redness and cracking around the mouth caused by deficiencies in niacin, riboflavin, and iron.
- Glossitis, which is inflammation of the tongue caused by deficiencies in several vitamins including B12 and iron.
- Burton lines on gums and oral pigmentation from conditions like Addison's disease or medications.
- Bleeding gums from vitamin C deficiency, periodontitis, gingivitis, or blood disorders.
- Macroglossia (enlarged tongue) from causes like tongue cancer, acromegaly, or amyloidosis.
This summary provides an overview of a systematic review of 34 HIV/AIDS mass communication campaigns from 1998 to 2007:
1) The review found that campaigns increasingly employed strategies recommended for effective design such as targeted audiences developed through segmentation, behavior-focused themes, use of behavioral theory, high message exposure, stronger research designs, and inclusion of behavior measures.
2) An examination of 10 campaigns using more rigorous designs found that the majority (8 of 10) demonstrated effects on behavior change or intentions.
3) However, most campaigns still used weak pre-experimental evaluation designs, indicating room for improved evaluation practices.
Healthcare seeking and sexual behaviour of clients attending the suntreso sti...Alexander Decker
A study of 185 clients with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) attending an STI clinic in Kumasi, Ghana found that 64% delayed seeking treatment for more than 4 weeks after symptoms appeared. 61% had previously sought treatment elsewhere before coming to the clinic. 80% had unprotected sex while symptomatic. The document discusses factors that influence healthcare seeking behaviors for STIs, including long wait times, stigma, lack of privacy, and attitudes of healthcare providers. It also examines sexual behaviors among STI patients, noting that most engage in unprotected sex during symptomatic periods. Understanding these healthcare seeking patterns and behaviors can help develop more effective STI prevention and control programs.
Compliance to annual ivermectin treatment in abia state,Alexander Decker
The study assessed compliance with annual ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis in Abia State, Nigeria over 14 years. A survey of 558 individuals found that 55.4% had previously taken ivermectin, but only 22.7% of those were "high compliers" who had taken it 8 or more times. The overall percentage of high compliers was 12.6%. Reasons for low compliance included lack of information, no reason for refusal, absence from village, and no distribution. The reasons given did not significantly affect general compliance levels.
5.principles and methods of epidemiologyRajeev Kumar
This document provides an overview of epidemiology including:
1. It defines epidemiology as the study of disease distribution and determinants in populations in order to control health problems.
2. The three pillars of epidemiology are measuring disease frequency, distribution, and determinants.
3. Key epidemiological methods are observational studies like cohort and case-control studies, and experimental randomized controlled trials.
This document discusses the relationship between epidemiology and public health. It argues that epidemiology has become too focused on identifying disease risk factors and transmission, and has lost sight of its original goal of improving overall population health. It proposes that epidemiology should adopt a more holistic approach that integrates biological, social, and analytical perspectives to better inform public health interventions and policies. Recent decades have seen the growth of international training programs to develop epidemiologists able to address global health challenges.
Global HIV cohort studies among IDU and future vaccine trialsThira Woratanarat
The author reviewed data on the global HIV epidemic among injecting drug users (IDUs) and identified potential cohorts of IDUs that could participate in future HIV vaccine trials. High HIV prevalence rates were observed among IDUs in many countries in Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and parts of Africa and North America. Several cohort studies also showed high HIV incidence rates among IDUs in China, Thailand, Canada, and Spain. These findings emphasize the seriousness of the IDU epidemic globally and the potential for IDU cohorts to participate in HIV vaccine trials due to demonstrated high participation and retention rates in past studies.
Application of computers in Epidemiology.pptxiqbal606601
Computers play an indispensable role in epidemiology by providing high precision, speed, and accuracy in data collection, analysis, and disease modeling and prediction. They allow epidemiologists to perform complex statistical analyses and simulations to measure disease transmission and identify risk factors. Computer technologies like disease surveillance systems, telemedicine, health management information systems, and geographic information systems have helped improve public health monitoring, access to care, and evidence-based decision making.
Assessment of the level of awareness on AIDS/HIV in Johor, MalaysiaSriramNagarajan17
This document summarizes a study that assessed awareness of HIV/AIDS among 396 respondents in Johor, Malaysia. The study found that respondents had moderately high overall knowledge of HIV/AIDS, though some misconceptions remained. Most respondents knew that high-risk behaviors like needle sharing and unprotected sex can transmit HIV, but fewer were aware of risks from activities like tattooing or sharing personal items. While most knew there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, over half believed incorrectly that washing after sex prevents transmission. The study provides insight into awareness levels and information gaps regarding HIV/AIDS in Johor.
Majority of AIDS patients admitted to BPKIHS were males aged 20-40 years from the Sunsari district. The study analyzed 48 patient records from 2003-2006. It found that over 80% of patients were 20-40 years old, 90% were male, and nearly 50% were from Sunsari. Half of the patients improved with treatment and were discharged, while approximately 15% died. The study concluded that HIV/AIDS rates are increasing in eastern Nepal and awareness activities are needed regarding disease prevention and available treatment services at BPKIHS.
Majority of AIDS patients admitted to BPKIHS were males aged 20-40 years from the Sunsari district. The study found that 83.4% of admitted AIDS patients were between 20-40 years old, 89.6% were male, and 47.9% came from Sunsari district. Half of the patients improved with treatment and were discharged, while 22.9% were discharged without improvement in their condition.
The impact of nurse practitioner regulations onpopulation acdaniatrappit
The impact of nurse practitioner regulations on
population access to care
Donna Felber Neff, PhD, RN, FNAPa,*, Sul Hee Yoon, PhDb, Ruth L. Steiner, PhDc,
Ilir Bejleri, PhDb, Michael D. Bumbach, PhD, FNP-BCd, Damian Everhart, PhD, RNe,
Jeffrey S. Harman, PhDf
a College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
b Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
c Center for Health and the Built Environment, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University Of Florida, Gainesville, FL
d College of Nursing, Department of Family, Community, and Health System Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
e Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, University of Central Florida, Palm City, FL
f Department of Behavioral Sciences & Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
A R T I C L E I N F O
Article history:
Received 15 November 2017
Accepted 5 March 2018
Available online 8 March 2018.
Keywords:
Nurse practitioner scope of
practice
Population access to care
Drive time
State NP practice regulations
A B S T R A C T
Background: By 2025, experts estimate a significant shortage of primary care pro-
viders in the United States, and expansion of the nurse practitioner (NP) workforce
may reduce this burden. However, barriers imposed by state NP regulations could
reduce access to primary care.
Purpose: The objectives of this study were to examine the association between three
levels of NP state practice regulation (independent, minimum restrictive, and most
restrictive) and the proportion of the population with a greater than 30-min travel
time to a primary care provider using geocoding.
Methods: Logistic regression models were conducted to calculate the adjusted odds
of having a greater than 30-min drive time.
Findings: Compared with the most restrictive NP states, states with independent
practice had 19.2% lower odds (p = .001) of a greater than 30-min drive to the closest
primary care provider.
Discussion: Allowing NPs full autonomy to practice may be a relatively simple policy
mechanism for states to improve access to primary care.
Cite this article: Neff, D. F., Yoon, S. H., Steiner, R. L., Bejleri, I., Bumbach, M. D., Everhart, D., & Harman,
J. S. (2018, JULY/AUGUST). The impact of nurse practitioner regulations on population access to care. Nursing
Outlook, 66(4), 379–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.03.001.
Background
The benefits of an adequate supply of primary care pro-
viders on patient health have been well documented in
the scientific literature, including improved care coor-
dination and better overall patient outcomes (Macinko,
Starfield, & Shi, 2007; Starfield, Shi, & Macinko, 2005).
However, a shortage of primary care physicians (MDs)
in the United States is estimated to exceed 52,000 by
2025 (Petterson et al., 2012), most notably in key geo-
graphic locations, including medically underserved and
health professional shortage ...
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this presentation gives an overview of epidemiology , concepts ,definition , types of epidemiological studies , uses of epidemiology , scope and application of epidemiology
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1. How do you use epidemiological data to support your role and can you include a brief example of
this?
In response to Vicky’s post, I agree that epidemiology is a discipline that has evolved
with changing societies (Frerot et al., 2018). It focuses on the health of human
populations by preventing diseases and injuries, concentrating on health promotion, and
checking the effectiveness of the health programs introduced to improve the
population’s health (Haveman-Nies et al., 2011).
According to Majumder and Jena (2018), epidemiological data helps government and
health care systems to plan health interventions to prevent and control communicable
and non-communicable diseases. Healthcare and policymakers use statistical data in
the form of charts and graphs to comprehend and assess the onset and spread of
infectious diseases (Majumder, Jena, 2017).
For instance, to demonstrate the prevalence, incidence, and mortality of malaria in
India over the years, national research was conducted in 2020. Samples were taken
from all 624 districts of India and categorized into low,
moderate, and high groups. Two districts covering 200,000 persons each, were
selected from the three categories using the probability proportional to size. Forty
trained healthcare workers per district performed active surveillance. The
epidemiological data on the incidence and mortality of malaria were collected
from laboratories, doctors, and hospitals in government and private sectors.
They were used to analyze the burden of the disease. The results showed an increase
in malaria incidence, which serves as a gold standard for following the success of the
malaria elimination campaign in India (Kumar et al., 2020).
As a practicing doctor in India, this epidemiological data enables me to
apply policies and interventions with the help of the National Vector Borne Disease
Control Program and National Framework for Malaria Elimination at the state and
district level to control the disease and introduce necessary interventions (Rathore et
2. al., 2017). Initiatives such as mass drug administrations, malaria interventions like
insecticides, educating rural communities about the disease through folk theatre, print
media in their native language, doctor to patient communication (Ghosh et al.,
2006), and workshops conducted at the village level were introduced (Patil, Tiwari,
Ghosh, 2011). Thus, these epidemiological data and the strategies introduced can have
a massive impact on curtailing the disease.
REFERENCES FOR SUMMATIVE DISCUSSION 2
Frerot, M., Lefebvre, A., Aho, S., Callier, P., Astruc, K., Glele, L.S.A. (2018). What is
epidemiology? Changing definitions of epidemiology 1978-2017. PLOS ONE,
13(12):e0208442.
Haveman-Nies, A., Jansen, S.C., van Oers, J.A.M., van ‘t Veer, P. (2011). Epidemiology
in public health practice. American Journal of Epidemiology, 174(7), pp.871-872
Majumder, A., Jena, A. (2018). Epidemiological data play an important role in
healthcare policymaking. Project Guru. Available
from: https://www.projectguru.in/epidemiological-data-play-important-role-healthcare-
policy-making/
Kumar, A, Chaturvedi, HK, Mohanty, AK, Sharma, SK, Malhotra, MS, Pandey, A (2020).
Surveillance based estimation of burden of malaria in India, 2015-2016, 19(156).
Rathore, M.H., Runyon, J., Haque, T. (2017). Emerging infectious diseases. Advances
in Pediatrics, 64, pp.27-71.
Ghosh, SK, Patil, RR, Tiwari, SN, Dash, AP (2006). A community based health
education for bioenvironmental control of malaria through folk theatre in rural India.
Malaria Journal, 5:123.
3. Patil, RR, Tiwari, SN, Ghosh, SK (2011). Assessing perceptions about malaria among
the elected representatives in rural India. Tropical Parasitology, 1(2), pp.83-87.