The document provides up-to-date observations of visible water quality conditions in Puget Sound from June 12, 2012, including a large Noctiluca bloom in Central Sound seen in aerial photos and lower fluorescence south of Edmonds detected by ferry sensors, likely related to the intense Noctiluca bloom. Weather conditions were generally cooler than average with some recent sunny breaks and river flows above but decreasing. In-situ mooring data from the Whidbey Basin showed higher dissolved oxygen levels coinciding with lower salinity and warmer water.
The document provides an overview of marine conditions in Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca from a surface conditions report on March 19th, 2012. It includes observations from aerial photos showing extensive freshwater plumes from high river flows due to cool, wet weather. In-situ mooring data showed an increase in the freshwater layer in Whidbey Basin matching high precipitation. The report also discusses the PS-AHAB project which maps the seafloor for dormant Alexandrium cysts that can lead to harmful algae blooms, and identifies new sites to be monitored in 2012, including some previously impaired locations.
The aerial photos from July 31st, 2012 show extensive red-brown algal blooms throughout many of the South Sound inlets and parts of Central Sound. High algal blooming activity was observed in most of Puget Sound, and jellyfish aggregations were growing in size and number in Budd Inlet. Several large tidal eddies and fronts were also visible between water masses with different properties in locations like Central Basin, Squaxin Passage, Budd Inlet, and Quartermaster Harbor. Suspended sediment plumes were observed extending from Budd Inlet into Quartermaster Harbor and Colvos Passage.
The document summarizes observations from aerial surveys and monitoring efforts of the Puget Sound region from May 14, 2012. It notes strong algal blooms throughout the South Sound and Central Basin as well as abundant debris. Dissolved oxygen levels had decreased in the last two weeks despite high algae production. It also describes King County's long-term marine phytoplankton monitoring program, which samples at three locations to assess water quality and understand dynamics of Puget Sound phytoplankton. Finally, it shows common chain-forming diatom genera that typically dominate the spring bloom in Puget Sound.
The document discusses awareness of pollution to watersheds. It provides context on how activities like urban development, population growth, and invasive species can degrade water quality and biodiversity through increased runoff and habitat loss. Specific pollutants mentioned include sediment, oil, pesticides, and pathogens. The document emphasizes the interconnectedness of healthy watersheds and a sustainable environment.
GEOG5839.05, How does weather and climate affect tree growth?Scott St. George
This document discusses how various environmental factors affect tree growth. It explains that temperature, moisture, and day length all impact growth rates. Temperature affects photosynthesis and the length of the growing season. Trees grow best within an optimal temperature range. Moisture is also critical, as trees need water for photosynthesis and cell growth. A lack of water can limit these processes. Day length influences dormancy and flowering cycles in many tree species. The document concludes that tree growth is limited by whichever factor is in shortest supply, based on the law of the minimum.
The document summarizes upcoming events for the Minnesota Native Plant Society, including their monthly meetings and programs. It also discusses prairie and wetland restoration projects underway in Minnesota, including in Olmsted County where a seed production nursery has been established, and in Dakota County where a 50-acre wet meadow and wet prairie restoration project is taking place. The document also briefly describes the plant Culver's-root and its uses.
The document provides an overview of marine conditions in Puget Sound and surrounding areas from aerial photos taken on October 29, 2014, noting very dense patches of jellyfish in the fingers inlets of South Sound, strong red-brown algal blooms remaining in smaller bays, and increasing visibility of suspended sediments; it also describes physical conditions like water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen levels based on long-term monitoring data and compares conditions to historical trends.
A Guide to Growing Native Plants in Kapiti, New ZealandKama158x
This document provides information about native plant species suitable for growing in different ecological zones in the Kapiti region. It describes the local conditions of dunelands, lowland terraces, the Nikau belt, Kamahi country and Reikorangi valley. For each zone, key environmental factors are outlined and native plant species are listed that are well-suited to the local soils and climate. The document emphasizes using native species that reflect the natural vegetation when planting to create low-maintenance, ecologically-appropriate gardens.
The document provides an overview of marine conditions in Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca from a surface conditions report on March 19th, 2012. It includes observations from aerial photos showing extensive freshwater plumes from high river flows due to cool, wet weather. In-situ mooring data showed an increase in the freshwater layer in Whidbey Basin matching high precipitation. The report also discusses the PS-AHAB project which maps the seafloor for dormant Alexandrium cysts that can lead to harmful algae blooms, and identifies new sites to be monitored in 2012, including some previously impaired locations.
The aerial photos from July 31st, 2012 show extensive red-brown algal blooms throughout many of the South Sound inlets and parts of Central Sound. High algal blooming activity was observed in most of Puget Sound, and jellyfish aggregations were growing in size and number in Budd Inlet. Several large tidal eddies and fronts were also visible between water masses with different properties in locations like Central Basin, Squaxin Passage, Budd Inlet, and Quartermaster Harbor. Suspended sediment plumes were observed extending from Budd Inlet into Quartermaster Harbor and Colvos Passage.
The document summarizes observations from aerial surveys and monitoring efforts of the Puget Sound region from May 14, 2012. It notes strong algal blooms throughout the South Sound and Central Basin as well as abundant debris. Dissolved oxygen levels had decreased in the last two weeks despite high algae production. It also describes King County's long-term marine phytoplankton monitoring program, which samples at three locations to assess water quality and understand dynamics of Puget Sound phytoplankton. Finally, it shows common chain-forming diatom genera that typically dominate the spring bloom in Puget Sound.
The document discusses awareness of pollution to watersheds. It provides context on how activities like urban development, population growth, and invasive species can degrade water quality and biodiversity through increased runoff and habitat loss. Specific pollutants mentioned include sediment, oil, pesticides, and pathogens. The document emphasizes the interconnectedness of healthy watersheds and a sustainable environment.
GEOG5839.05, How does weather and climate affect tree growth?Scott St. George
This document discusses how various environmental factors affect tree growth. It explains that temperature, moisture, and day length all impact growth rates. Temperature affects photosynthesis and the length of the growing season. Trees grow best within an optimal temperature range. Moisture is also critical, as trees need water for photosynthesis and cell growth. A lack of water can limit these processes. Day length influences dormancy and flowering cycles in many tree species. The document concludes that tree growth is limited by whichever factor is in shortest supply, based on the law of the minimum.
The document summarizes upcoming events for the Minnesota Native Plant Society, including their monthly meetings and programs. It also discusses prairie and wetland restoration projects underway in Minnesota, including in Olmsted County where a seed production nursery has been established, and in Dakota County where a 50-acre wet meadow and wet prairie restoration project is taking place. The document also briefly describes the plant Culver's-root and its uses.
The document provides an overview of marine conditions in Puget Sound and surrounding areas from aerial photos taken on October 29, 2014, noting very dense patches of jellyfish in the fingers inlets of South Sound, strong red-brown algal blooms remaining in smaller bays, and increasing visibility of suspended sediments; it also describes physical conditions like water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen levels based on long-term monitoring data and compares conditions to historical trends.
A Guide to Growing Native Plants in Kapiti, New ZealandKama158x
This document provides information about native plant species suitable for growing in different ecological zones in the Kapiti region. It describes the local conditions of dunelands, lowland terraces, the Nikau belt, Kamahi country and Reikorangi valley. For each zone, key environmental factors are outlined and native plant species are listed that are well-suited to the local soils and climate. The document emphasizes using native species that reflect the natural vegetation when planting to create low-maintenance, ecologically-appropriate gardens.
The document provides an overview of marine conditions in Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca from a surface conditions report on March 19th, 2012. It includes observations from aerial photos showing extensive freshwater plumes from high river flows due to cool, wet weather. In-situ mooring data showed an increase in the freshwater layer in Whidbey Basin matching high precipitation. The report also discusses the PS-AHAB project which maps the seafloor for dormant Alexandrium cysts that can lead to harmful algae blooms, and identifies new sites to be monitored in 2012, including some previously impaired locations.
This document discusses searching digital libraries at UQU. It begins by explaining the importance of literature searches for studying, research, and evidence-based practice. It then introduces the UQU King Abdullah Digital Library and PubMed database. The rest of the document demonstrates how to search specific digital libraries and databases within the UQU system, including Acknowledge, various indexed databases, Digital Library Plus, and the library catalog. It emphasizes developing search strategies using keywords, MeSH terms, truncation, and Boolean operators to efficiently find relevant articles and other literature.
The year 2013 in pictures: Low oxygen conditions persisted from January into August and broke a two year anomaly of more favorable water quality conditions (lower temperature and salinity and higher dissolved oxygen). Dramatic Noctiluca blooms appeared one month earlier than normal (May), lasted for two months and coincided with lower oxygen. Large jellyfish patches persisted over the winter but then were less visible for the rest of the year. Large drifting algal mats appeared in August.
After 2-years of conditions favorable for water quality, with colder temperatures and higher oxygen, Puget Sound water conditions are closer to expected again. This year phytoplankton blooms and seasonal oxygen maxima are notable, while extensive Noctiluca blooms showed up early following a period high freshwater inputs and milder weather conditions. The Fraser River sediment influence is very strong north of San Juan Islands and warm, fresh water is entering Central Puget Sound from Whidbey Basin. In the past few weeks river flows and air temperatures have been higher than normal and now are decreasing.
A stunning view of a second large Noctiluca bloom captures the attention of many living near Puget Sound. Favorable conditions support several regional phytoplankton blooms. Red-brown blooms in Port Townsend, Discovery Bay and Bellingham Bay. Large algal mats or organic material particularly in Samish Bay. Jellyfish patches increasing in Budd, Totten and Eld Inlets.
Aerial photography from November 21, 2013 showed:
- Strong tidal fronts and sediment-rich plumes leaving Whidbey Basin and moving into Admiralty Reach. Orcas were following the edge of one plume heading north.
- Red-brown algal blooms continued in several southern inlets. Long debris lines were numerous in Hood Canal, Budd Inlet, and central Puget Sound north of Edmonds.
- Photographs documented features including tidal fronts, sediment plumes, algal blooms, debris lines, and orcas swimming along a frontal boundary. Maps annotated the locations of each photograph to reconstruct observed surface conditions.
The document provides an overview of marine monitoring activities in Puget Sound for February 27, 2012. It includes summaries of aerial photography observations, ferry and satellite data, weather conditions, and mooring data. Aerial photos showed river plumes extending into central Puget Sound and the first signs of algal blooms in south Puget Sound. Ferry data indicated localized areas of high colored dissolved organic matter from increased river flows. Weather had been increasingly colder than normal with low sunshine. Mooring data showed a thinner freshwater layer reflecting low discharge from the Snohomish River.
Record warm water temperatures and low oxygen continue in Ecology’s Puget Sound marine monitoring station network. Record low stream flows result in visibly low river discharge into Puget Sound, in particular for the Puyallup River. Abundant sun and unusually warm water temperatures fuel phytoplankton blooms in many areas. Bright orange Noctiluca blooms are surfacing in the Commencement Bay area and around Port Madison. Finger inlets of South Sound support extensive patches of jellyfish.
Warmer and sunnier days result in higher than normal river flows from the Skagit and Nisqually. Biological activity in the water column is high. Abundant organic surface debris in Hood Canal, Padilla Bay, and many Inlets. Red-brown blooms in South Sound, Discovery Bay, and regions of Bellingham Bay. Different blooms in Skagit Bay, Padilla Bay, and Sinclair Inlet. Jelly fish are numerous in all southernmost South Sound Bays. Hood Canal remains cold but Puget Sound-wide temperatures are now warmer and less salty. Data from the Victoria Clipper and our sampling in the Strait provides important information on water exchange with the ocean.
This document discusses searching digital libraries at UQU. It begins by explaining the importance of literature searches for studying, critical thinking, evidence-based medicine, and research. It then introduces the UQU King Abdullah Digital Library and PubMed, and discusses how to search databases and libraries efficiently. Key terms discussed include evidence-based practice, research, searching strategies, keywords, MeSH terms, articles, journals, publishers, and databases. The document emphasizes starting literature searches with PubMed and using resources like Acknowledge, databases, and DL+ through the UQU Digital Library.
The weather changed from cool, cloudy and southerlies, to sunny warm conditions and light northerly winds on Mother’s Day. At the water surface, blooms and large debris lines occur in Bellingham, Padilla, and Samish Bays, Hood Canal, East Sound, and the Straits, as well as the finger inlets of South Sound. Large amounts of sediment-laden water from Port Susan are flowing into Central Basin. Turquoise water mixing to the surface in places around the San Juan Islands. After some trouble-shooting of the hardware and communication system, we will resume collecting Victoria Clipper data next week. Meet Eyes Under Puget Sound: Sediment Monitoring Program at Ecology.
The document summarizes aerial photographs taken on October 28, 2013 of Puget Sound, Grays Harbor, and Willapa Bay. Red-brown algal blooms, jellyfish patches, and debris were observed in south Puget Sound. Grays Harbor had abundant surface debris and green algal blooms, while Willapa Bay showed red-brown blooms in rivers and tidal sloughs. Many unexplained patches of suspended sediment were seen in shallow waters throughout the areas photographed.
Eyes Over Puget Sound (EOPS) is a news report, and is made available within two days of observation.
http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/mar_wat/eops/
We inform on current surface conditions in Puget Sound and links several scales of observation together. The report contains condition summaries, personal flight observations, aerial photographs, en route ferry data, satellite images, and mooring data collected by the Marine Monitoring Unit at Ecology.
Ecology's Marine Monitoring Unit conducts several marine observations with a sampling frequency of minutes to 1 month. We use our routine commute flight between Kenmore Airbase and Olympia to document current marine water conditions by camera and supplement the information with satellite images and en route ferry data between Seattle WA and Victoria BC. This program is an example to optimize monitoring resources. You may subscribe or unsubscribe to the Eyes Over Puget Sound email listserv by going to this link:
http://listserv.wa.gov/cgi-bin/wa?A0=ECOLOGY-EYES-OVER-PUGET-SOUND
The document provides an overview of conducting and organizing a literature review. It discusses that a literature review surveys and critically evaluates relevant scholarly sources on a particular topic and provides context for a research study. It outlines the process of formulating a research problem, searching literature, critically analyzing sources, and organizing the review. Key steps include determining if a problem needs further research, narrowing a focus, generating hypotheses, understanding the field, and critiquing sources for their assumptions, methods, findings and implications. The document provides tips for writing the review such as introducing and summarizing subtopics and connecting them to the overall topic.
This document discusses principles of research and the research process. It defines research as not something to fear, but rather an opportunity to explore, understand, and improve healthcare. Research is described as a continuous process that determines current and future practices. The key steps outlined are selecting a topic, defining the problem and research question, conducting a literature review to refine the question, designing a methodology, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting results, and disseminating findings. Examples of experimental, clinical, descriptive, and laboratory research are provided. The importance of asking questions to refine the problem and developing a specific, answerable research question is emphasized.
1) The document summarizes observations from aerial photos, moorings, ferries, and satellites of the Puget Sound region from May 14, 2012.
2) Strong algal blooms were observed in the South Sound and Central Basin as well as most smaller bays. Dissolved oxygen levels had decreased in the last two weeks despite high algae production.
3) The King County Marine Phytoplankton Monitoring Program measures phytoplankton abundances and water quality parameters at various locations in Puget Sound to understand how climate change and other stressors impact the marine environment.
This document provides a summary of marine conditions observed in Puget Sound on August 27, 2012. Aerial photos show high abundances of macroalgae in Central Sound and red-brown algal blooms in South Sound inlets and parts of Central Sound. Jellyfish patches were numerous and increasing in size in Sinclair and Budd inlets. Ferry and satellite data indicate low-moderate fluorescence and turbidity in the Main Basin and Admiralty Inlet, with temperatures in the Main Basin dropping below 15°C and near-surface salinity above 28 PSU.
The aerial photos from April 23rd showed:
1) Abundant surface algae blooms and debris in river-fed inlets in South and Central Puget Sound.
2) An eddy was visible in Sinclair Inlet and convergences in Case Inlet.
3) Extensive suspended sediment was observed in Elliott Bay and Budd Inlet.
Red-brown algal blooms were observed in Budd Inlet, Carr Inlet, and other South Sound bays based on aerial photographs from October 17th, 2011. Weather conditions included warmer than average afternoon temperatures but cooler nights, with clearer skies to the north. Water temperatures throughout Puget Sound were decreasing as the summer growing season came to an end. Dissolved oxygen trends varied geographically based on data from monitoring moorings.
The document provides an overview of marine conditions in Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca from a surface conditions report on March 19th, 2012. It includes observations from aerial photos showing extensive freshwater plumes from high river flows due to cool, wet weather. In-situ mooring data showed an increase in the freshwater layer in Whidbey Basin matching high precipitation. The report also discusses the PS-AHAB project which maps the seafloor for dormant Alexandrium cysts that can lead to harmful algae blooms, and identifies new sites to be monitored in 2012, including some previously impaired locations.
This document discusses searching digital libraries at UQU. It begins by explaining the importance of literature searches for studying, research, and evidence-based practice. It then introduces the UQU King Abdullah Digital Library and PubMed database. The rest of the document demonstrates how to search specific digital libraries and databases within the UQU system, including Acknowledge, various indexed databases, Digital Library Plus, and the library catalog. It emphasizes developing search strategies using keywords, MeSH terms, truncation, and Boolean operators to efficiently find relevant articles and other literature.
The year 2013 in pictures: Low oxygen conditions persisted from January into August and broke a two year anomaly of more favorable water quality conditions (lower temperature and salinity and higher dissolved oxygen). Dramatic Noctiluca blooms appeared one month earlier than normal (May), lasted for two months and coincided with lower oxygen. Large jellyfish patches persisted over the winter but then were less visible for the rest of the year. Large drifting algal mats appeared in August.
After 2-years of conditions favorable for water quality, with colder temperatures and higher oxygen, Puget Sound water conditions are closer to expected again. This year phytoplankton blooms and seasonal oxygen maxima are notable, while extensive Noctiluca blooms showed up early following a period high freshwater inputs and milder weather conditions. The Fraser River sediment influence is very strong north of San Juan Islands and warm, fresh water is entering Central Puget Sound from Whidbey Basin. In the past few weeks river flows and air temperatures have been higher than normal and now are decreasing.
A stunning view of a second large Noctiluca bloom captures the attention of many living near Puget Sound. Favorable conditions support several regional phytoplankton blooms. Red-brown blooms in Port Townsend, Discovery Bay and Bellingham Bay. Large algal mats or organic material particularly in Samish Bay. Jellyfish patches increasing in Budd, Totten and Eld Inlets.
Aerial photography from November 21, 2013 showed:
- Strong tidal fronts and sediment-rich plumes leaving Whidbey Basin and moving into Admiralty Reach. Orcas were following the edge of one plume heading north.
- Red-brown algal blooms continued in several southern inlets. Long debris lines were numerous in Hood Canal, Budd Inlet, and central Puget Sound north of Edmonds.
- Photographs documented features including tidal fronts, sediment plumes, algal blooms, debris lines, and orcas swimming along a frontal boundary. Maps annotated the locations of each photograph to reconstruct observed surface conditions.
The document provides an overview of marine monitoring activities in Puget Sound for February 27, 2012. It includes summaries of aerial photography observations, ferry and satellite data, weather conditions, and mooring data. Aerial photos showed river plumes extending into central Puget Sound and the first signs of algal blooms in south Puget Sound. Ferry data indicated localized areas of high colored dissolved organic matter from increased river flows. Weather had been increasingly colder than normal with low sunshine. Mooring data showed a thinner freshwater layer reflecting low discharge from the Snohomish River.
Record warm water temperatures and low oxygen continue in Ecology’s Puget Sound marine monitoring station network. Record low stream flows result in visibly low river discharge into Puget Sound, in particular for the Puyallup River. Abundant sun and unusually warm water temperatures fuel phytoplankton blooms in many areas. Bright orange Noctiluca blooms are surfacing in the Commencement Bay area and around Port Madison. Finger inlets of South Sound support extensive patches of jellyfish.
Warmer and sunnier days result in higher than normal river flows from the Skagit and Nisqually. Biological activity in the water column is high. Abundant organic surface debris in Hood Canal, Padilla Bay, and many Inlets. Red-brown blooms in South Sound, Discovery Bay, and regions of Bellingham Bay. Different blooms in Skagit Bay, Padilla Bay, and Sinclair Inlet. Jelly fish are numerous in all southernmost South Sound Bays. Hood Canal remains cold but Puget Sound-wide temperatures are now warmer and less salty. Data from the Victoria Clipper and our sampling in the Strait provides important information on water exchange with the ocean.
This document discusses searching digital libraries at UQU. It begins by explaining the importance of literature searches for studying, critical thinking, evidence-based medicine, and research. It then introduces the UQU King Abdullah Digital Library and PubMed, and discusses how to search databases and libraries efficiently. Key terms discussed include evidence-based practice, research, searching strategies, keywords, MeSH terms, articles, journals, publishers, and databases. The document emphasizes starting literature searches with PubMed and using resources like Acknowledge, databases, and DL+ through the UQU Digital Library.
The weather changed from cool, cloudy and southerlies, to sunny warm conditions and light northerly winds on Mother’s Day. At the water surface, blooms and large debris lines occur in Bellingham, Padilla, and Samish Bays, Hood Canal, East Sound, and the Straits, as well as the finger inlets of South Sound. Large amounts of sediment-laden water from Port Susan are flowing into Central Basin. Turquoise water mixing to the surface in places around the San Juan Islands. After some trouble-shooting of the hardware and communication system, we will resume collecting Victoria Clipper data next week. Meet Eyes Under Puget Sound: Sediment Monitoring Program at Ecology.
The document summarizes aerial photographs taken on October 28, 2013 of Puget Sound, Grays Harbor, and Willapa Bay. Red-brown algal blooms, jellyfish patches, and debris were observed in south Puget Sound. Grays Harbor had abundant surface debris and green algal blooms, while Willapa Bay showed red-brown blooms in rivers and tidal sloughs. Many unexplained patches of suspended sediment were seen in shallow waters throughout the areas photographed.
Eyes Over Puget Sound (EOPS) is a news report, and is made available within two days of observation.
http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/mar_wat/eops/
We inform on current surface conditions in Puget Sound and links several scales of observation together. The report contains condition summaries, personal flight observations, aerial photographs, en route ferry data, satellite images, and mooring data collected by the Marine Monitoring Unit at Ecology.
Ecology's Marine Monitoring Unit conducts several marine observations with a sampling frequency of minutes to 1 month. We use our routine commute flight between Kenmore Airbase and Olympia to document current marine water conditions by camera and supplement the information with satellite images and en route ferry data between Seattle WA and Victoria BC. This program is an example to optimize monitoring resources. You may subscribe or unsubscribe to the Eyes Over Puget Sound email listserv by going to this link:
http://listserv.wa.gov/cgi-bin/wa?A0=ECOLOGY-EYES-OVER-PUGET-SOUND
The document provides an overview of conducting and organizing a literature review. It discusses that a literature review surveys and critically evaluates relevant scholarly sources on a particular topic and provides context for a research study. It outlines the process of formulating a research problem, searching literature, critically analyzing sources, and organizing the review. Key steps include determining if a problem needs further research, narrowing a focus, generating hypotheses, understanding the field, and critiquing sources for their assumptions, methods, findings and implications. The document provides tips for writing the review such as introducing and summarizing subtopics and connecting them to the overall topic.
This document discusses principles of research and the research process. It defines research as not something to fear, but rather an opportunity to explore, understand, and improve healthcare. Research is described as a continuous process that determines current and future practices. The key steps outlined are selecting a topic, defining the problem and research question, conducting a literature review to refine the question, designing a methodology, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting results, and disseminating findings. Examples of experimental, clinical, descriptive, and laboratory research are provided. The importance of asking questions to refine the problem and developing a specific, answerable research question is emphasized.
1) The document summarizes observations from aerial photos, moorings, ferries, and satellites of the Puget Sound region from May 14, 2012.
2) Strong algal blooms were observed in the South Sound and Central Basin as well as most smaller bays. Dissolved oxygen levels had decreased in the last two weeks despite high algae production.
3) The King County Marine Phytoplankton Monitoring Program measures phytoplankton abundances and water quality parameters at various locations in Puget Sound to understand how climate change and other stressors impact the marine environment.
This document provides a summary of marine conditions observed in Puget Sound on August 27, 2012. Aerial photos show high abundances of macroalgae in Central Sound and red-brown algal blooms in South Sound inlets and parts of Central Sound. Jellyfish patches were numerous and increasing in size in Sinclair and Budd inlets. Ferry and satellite data indicate low-moderate fluorescence and turbidity in the Main Basin and Admiralty Inlet, with temperatures in the Main Basin dropping below 15°C and near-surface salinity above 28 PSU.
The aerial photos from April 23rd showed:
1) Abundant surface algae blooms and debris in river-fed inlets in South and Central Puget Sound.
2) An eddy was visible in Sinclair Inlet and convergences in Case Inlet.
3) Extensive suspended sediment was observed in Elliott Bay and Budd Inlet.
Red-brown algal blooms were observed in Budd Inlet, Carr Inlet, and other South Sound bays based on aerial photographs from October 17th, 2011. Weather conditions included warmer than average afternoon temperatures but cooler nights, with clearer skies to the north. Water temperatures throughout Puget Sound were decreasing as the summer growing season came to an end. Dissolved oxygen trends varied geographically based on data from monitoring moorings.
Sunshine and warmth continue into September. Upwelling is higher, yet low Fraser River flow reduces the likelihood of low-oxygen water moving into Puget Sound. Dissolved oxygen remains relatively high in Hood Canal and is lower elsewhere. Satellites show relatively warm water in the Strait of Georgia and Whidbey Basin and an extensive offshore bloom. Water temperatures also remain high in South Sound were red-brown plankton blooms and large smacks of jellyfish adorn the water surface. Explore what frequent blooms in smaller bays can tell us.
The document provides observations from aerial photos taken on September 16, 2014, noting numerous and large patches of jellyfish seen in the finger inlets of South Sound and East Sound near Orcas Island, as well as red-brown blooms remaining strong in smaller bays inside Puget Sound, with suspended sediment from the Nooksack and Skagit Rivers also visible. Water quality conditions including water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen levels are discussed for different regions of Puget Sound based on long-term monitoring data. Climate and oceanic conditions that influence Puget Sound waters are also reviewed.
At the end of summer, water temperatures are still high, and salinities and dissolved oxygen are low in Puget Sound. Both sea surface temperature and upwelling off the coast are elevated (PDO and Upwelling indices) and the the Fraser River flow is low. This combination makes it an interesting fall. Very dense and large patches of jellyfish appear in finger inlets of South Sound. Red-brown blooms also remain strong in South Sound.
Sunshine and warm temperatures return after last week’s intense rain. The Puyallup and Nisqually Rivers are flowing high. Red-brown blooms and numerous patches of jellyfish remain strong in South Sound, Sinclair and Dyes Inlets, and Bellingham Bay, with brown-green blooms in Whidbey Basin. Macro-algae surface debris is very high in South and Central Sound. Hood Canal remains cooler but Puget Sound-wide temperatures are now warmer and less salty. Sea surface temperatures are above 15 °C, conditions favorable for some pathogens, and harmful algae blooms. Read about super colonies of by-the-wind sailors washing up on our shores.
A stunning view of a second large Noctiluca bloom captures the attention of many living near Puget Sound. Favorable conditions support several regional phytoplankton blooms. Red-brown blooms in Port Townsend, Discovery Bay and Bellingham Bay. Large algal mats or organic material particularly in Samish Bay. Jellyfish patches increasing in Budd, Totten and Eld Inlets.
1) Surface observations from aerial surveys showed extensive Noctiluca blooms in Central Puget Sound and red-brown blooms in South Puget Sound.
2) Mooring data showed decreasing dissolved oxygen levels at stations in Mukilteo and Manchester over the past two weeks.
3) Mooring data also confirmed high dissolved oxygen concentrations and warming water masses in Squaxin Passage and Mukilteo.
Warm air and water temperatures and offshore winds have persisted since fall. Numerous and sizable jelly fish patches are still present in southern inlets of Puget Sound. Coastal waters were colored in shades of gray to brown by sediment and humic substances. Phytoplankton blooms were restricted to the surf zone. We were treated to artful views of meandering sloughs and gullies on exposed mud flats during low tide in Willapa Bay, interspersed with the geometry of shellfish management. Brown pelicans: a story of recovery.
Unusually warm water temperatures continue in central and south Puget Sound while Willapa Bay returns to expected water temperatures as a result of stronger coastal upwelling. Extensive mats of organic debris develop in many places, particularly in Central Sound overlapping with a fading Noctiluca bloom. King County confirms Noctiluca and shares plankton species information. Red-brown and brown blooms are going strong in southern inlets and around the San Juan Islands. Our inspiring WCC Intern gets on boats, into the air, and to the lab.
Slide deck for the third of ongoing series of presentations looking at water's planet-shaping role and barriers to its recognition within knowledge systems submerged in human language.
A stunning view of a second large Noctiluca bloom captures the attention of many living near Puget Sound. Favorable conditions support several regional phytoplankton blooms. Red-brown blooms in Port Townsend, Discovery Bay and Bellingham Bay. Large algal mats or organic material particularly in Samish Bay. Jellyfish patches increasing in Budd, Totten and Eld Inlets.
Puget Sound conditions are normalizing after seven months of lower oxygen. Calm, dry, cool, and foggy mornings abruptly changed on October 28 to sun and strong northerly winds. Red-brown blooms and abundant jellyfish in south Puget Sound inlets appeared as we flew to the coast. Blooms were still visible near ocean beaches and inner bays. Grays Harbor had abundant surface debris with green algae in North Bay. We spotted red-brown blooms in rivers and sloughs in Willapa Bay, as well as schooling fish near sandbanks. Many patches of suspended sediment appeared in shallow water unrelated to tidal currents and remain unexplained.
EOPS_December_14_2015,
As coastal and regional conditions gradually normalize in response to a fading Blob and increased rain, the big question remains. Will the snow in the mountains stay there or come down prematurely and lower salinity in Puget Sound like last winter? Cascade snowpack is currently below normal. The El Niño at the equator is still brewing! Major rivers transport large amounts of suspended sediments and soil into Puget Sound, also seen in our ferry sensor data. Our flight team gets in the pool for safety training.
Ecology Publication No. 15-03-079
Warm waters from “The Blob” in Puget Sound combine with drought conditions as warm air has left little snow to feed the rivers. Water temperatures throughout Puget Sound are the highest in 25 years and oxygen is exhibiting record lows. High suspended sediment in the north is still coming in from the Fraser River. Otherwise, the surface waters appear very clear due to recent low river flows and weak blooming activity. A red bloom is present in Sinclair Inlet and in some confined bays. Patches of jellyfish, however, are going strong in inlets of South Sound and Sinclair Inlet. What does this all mean for salmon? Get to know some intertidal critters!
EOPS_December_31_2016,
The year 2016 in pictures: After two years of very warm air and record high water temperatures starting with the Blob (2015) and followed by El Nino (2016), temperatures have fallen and remain slightly warmer than normal in Puget Sound. Very low summer river flows (e.g., Fraser River) reflect climatic predictions for the NW. Record temperatures and low salinities occurred alongside observations of abundant jellyfish, floating macro-algae, and Noctiluca blooms. Surprisingly, only South Sound developed very low summer oxygen levels in 2016. In the fall, La Niña came with a punch, rain increased, and air temperatures dropped. Will this be an unusual La Niña?
Publication No. 16-03-079
Extensive red-brown algal blooms were observed in South Sound and Quartermaster Harbor from aerial flights and satellite imagery. Large patches of macroalgae were also seen throughout Central Sound. Dissolved oxygen levels began declining at some monitoring stations, while surface temperatures ranged from 14-15°C in Central Sound to 10-11°C in the Strait of Juan de Fuca. The latest algal bloom in Central Sound showed signs of fading as waters began to clear.
Air temperatures are warm and Puget Sound continues to show record high water temperatures. Some rain has returned to our region, yet river flows remain unusually low. Puget Sound is saltier than normal allowing oxygen-rich surface waters to more easily mix to greater depths. Lower oxygen was measured only in the Coastal Bays, Hood Canal, and South Sound. Large jellyfish aggregations continue in South Sound, the Kitsap Peninsula, and East Sound (Orcas Island). Sediment plumes in Bellingham Bay form unique patterns. Warm waters and sunny conditions fostered green tides, raising a stink along some local beaches.
Puget Sound is starting to normalize in response to fall conditions with cooler air temperatures, rain, and recovering river flows. We are seeing fewer algal blooms, jellyfish, and macro-algae as salinities become more normal. Yet warm waters persist and El Nino and the Blob are likely to affect Puget Sound throughout the winter. The Nisqually River fared better through the drought than other rivers and best management practices have been improving its water quality. EOPS and ferry monitoring gain recognition with a national award for innovation!
Unusually warm water temperatures continue in central and south Puget Sound. River flows remain lower than normal, especially the Fraser and Skagit rivers. Thus, with estuarine circulation much weaker, Puget Sound waters stay put. Mats of organic debris persist in Central Sound near Port Madison. Red-brown and brown blooms are now very strong in southern inlets and jellyfish patches are exceptionally numerous and large. Explore media coverage of unusual Puget Sound conditions including jellyfish.
Air temperatures are warm and Puget Sound continues to show record high water temperatures. Some rain has returned to our region, yet river flows remain unusually low. Puget Sound is saltier than normal allowing oxygen-rich surface waters to more easily mix to greater depths. Lower oxygen was measured only in the Coastal Bays, Hood Canal, and South Sound. Large jellyfish aggregations continue in South Sound, the Kitsap Peninsula, and East Sound (Orcas Island). Sediment plumes in Bellingham Bay form unique patterns. Warm waters and sunny conditions fostered green tides, raising a stink along some local beaches.
Puget Sound is feeling the heat! Starting in October, temperatures are the highest on our record since 1989. Salinity and oxygen are much lower. Recent rains have rivers flowing high. Aerial views show dramatic sediment loads from rivers mixing into otherwise blue water. But don’t be fooled – by summer, snow-fed rivers are expected to run significantly below normal, with implications for Puget Sound water quality. For details, explore the special Drought Effects segment. Spring blooms are visible only in some confined bays. Jellyfish are going strong in finger inlets of South Sound. Glimpse Puget Sound’s glacial history.
The ocean and air remain warm with sunshine and dry weather across the region. As a result, Puget Sound is a lot warmer going into the new year. Hood Canal is responding with temperatures warmer than previous measurements, breaking its low temperature stint. First signs of growing phytoplankton are coloring the water green. Patches of jellyfish are overwintering in finger inlets of South Sound. Tidal fronts and suspended sediment are visible amidst the stunning San Juan Islands scenery. A sediment-rich water mass is trapped in Rosario Strait. Check out the South Sound Estuarium and the many reasons we love Puget Sound!
The year 2014 in pictures: In 2014, Puget Sound and Hood Canal behaved distinctly different in temperature and dissolved oxygen. In Puget Sound, generally warmer conditions, abundant and diverse algal blooms, and large pools of organic material persisted along with lower oxygen, high jellyfish abundances, and a lot of suspended sediment. On the other hand, Hood Canal was colder, more oxygenated, and algae blooms were rare. People and planes: past and present.
A recent cold spell hits Puget Sound lowlands, interrupting this year’s warmer air temperatures. The warm ocean coincides with new maximum water temperatures observed throughout Puget Sound in October! Hood Canal’s higher dissolved oxygen and cold water anomalies are disappearing. November brings cold water from Whidbey Basin into Puget Sound with moderate levels of chlorophyll fluorescence. Abundant smacks of jellyfish in finger inlets of South Sound observed from our flight. Red-brown blooms remain strong in smaller bays of South Sound. Visible suspended sediments in the coastal estuaries from rain, wind, and waves. Playing in the water? Visit our BEACH program.
After weeks of clouds and warmer air, blue skies and cold temperatures set in. Strong tidal fronts and sediment-rich brackish plumes leave Whidbey Basin and move into Admiralty Reach. A pod of Orcas follows the edge of the plume heading north! Red-brown blooms continue in Henderson, Eld, and northern Budd Inlets. Long organic debris lines are numerous in northern Budd Inlet, Hood Canal, and in Central Sound north of Edmonds (Triple Junction). Conditions in the water column in Puget Sound continue to normalize after seven months of lower oxygen. Water is very clear for this time of the year, particularly in the north.
Sun and high air temperatures warrant en route ozone measurements for model validations. A furry visitor takes a rest on the float plane. Spotlight on our pilot, Joe Leatherman. High river flows lead to striking fronts of turquoise-colored water carrying glacial flour in many northeastern regions. Satellite and aerial images show widespread phytoplankton blooms in Whidbey Basin, Hood Canal, South Puget Sound, and West Bay of Orcas Island. Numerous large debris patches in Hood Canal, Central Sound, and South Sound Inlets. After two years of colder temperatures and higher oxygen, Puget Sound waters are returning to expected or lower dissolved oxygen levels.
The aerial photos from June 23, 2014 showed the following:
- Large mats of surface debris were seen in Hood Canal, Padilla Bay, Lay Inlet and parts of Georgia Basin. Many of the patches contained macro-algae.
- A strong red-brown phytoplankton bloom was observed in Discovery Bay, East Sound and parts of Georgia Basin.
- The water north of the San Juan Islands appeared sediment-rich.
- Jellyfish numbers seemed to be increasing in locations like Budd Inlet and Hood Canal.
1) Aerial photography on April 21, 2014 showed blooms in Whidbey Basin and isolated bays, with otherwise clear water. Sediment-rich water was entering Puget Sound from the Stillaguamish River after the Oso mudslide. Debris lines were observed in Hood Canal and North Sound. Multiple oil sheens were seen in the Lake Washington Ship Canal.
2) Physical conditions in Puget Sound were developing into colder, saltier conditions throughout the region. Dissolved oxygen levels were lower in Whidbey Basin, Central Sound, and South Sound but higher in Hood Canal.
3) Upwelling conditions off the Washington coast in mid-April stimulated a spring phytop
River flows are above normal and air temperatures are increasing slowly. The spring phytoplankton bloom is slow to develop with visible blooms limited to smaller bays such as Sequim and Bellingham Bays. Noctiluca observed in East Sound on Orcas Island, coinciding with high numbers of jellyfish. Debris lines are mostly confined to Hood Canal. Pockets of colder water observed in Central Sound and Hood Canal, likely from the colder, saltier conditions that developed during the winter in the northern regions. Oxygen is variable yet close to expected ranges. Sizable oil sheens were sighted in Gig Harbor and Carr Inlet.
The aerial photography on February 4, 2014 showed the following:
1) Suspended sediment along wind and wave exposed beaches and mud flats throughout Puget Sound.
2) Large tidal eddies carrying suspended sediment in many areas, including Pitt Passage and Quartermaster Harbor.
3) Long lines of foam following convergences, currents, and eddies, seen in Budd Inlet, Oakland Bay, and Commencement Bay.
4) An oil sheen spotted in Commencement Bay and jellyfish observed in Eld Inlet.
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All the images mentioned in 'See What You're Missing'
Eops 2012 06_12
1. Eyes Over Puget Sound
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
Surface Conditions Report
Noctiluca sp. June 12, 2012
Guest Contributors:
Harmful Algal Blooms: Vera Trainer, p. 6-7
Flow Cytometry: Francois Ribalet and Jarred Swalwell, p. 29-30
Start here
Up-to-date observations of visible water quality conditions in Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca
2. Marine conditions from 6-12-2012 at a glance
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
Personal flight impression p. 3-4
LONG-TERM MARINE MONITORING UNIT
A bonanza of red-orange streaks in
Mya Keyzers Central Basin. Noctiluca, a small dinoflagellate
Laura Friedenberg with a story to tell.
Weather conditions p. 7
Cool weather with recent sun breaks,
river flows above normal but trending lower.
Skip Albertson
Aerial photography p. 9-28
Large Noctiluca bloom in Central Sound
Dr. Christopher Strong red-brown bloom and turquoise in
Krembs Case Inlet. Oil sheen in Sinclair Inlet.
Ferry and satellite p. 31-33
Dr. Brandon Reduced fluorescence south of Edmonds; likely
Sackmann related to intense Noctiluca bloom.
In-situ mooring data p. 34-36
In the Whidbey Basin, higher DO levels
David Mora coincide with lower salinity and warmer water.
Suzan Pool
Previous Eyes Over Puget Sound reports: www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/mar_wat/eops/
3. Personal flight impression, 6-12-2012
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
Marine Flight 3 (Central Sound)
Washington
Conservation
Corps volunteer
Natalie Tacconi
Summer is here and Puget Sound is in bloom! The water
looked amazing from the plane as we saw orange, green,
and red blooms everywhere. These masses of plankton
form thick, colorful streaks in the water. In some cases we
sampled in the middle of a bloom, which allowed us to
grab a sample for plankton identification, which we sent to
Gabriela Hannach at King County for species information.
Bloom near Elliott Bay Photo Courtesy of Natalie Tacconi
4. Personal flight impression, 6-12-2012
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
While flying near Commencement and Elliott Bays,
we saw large masses of the dinoflagellate,
Noctiluca. High densities of Noctiluca look like
bright orange swirls from the air (see next page)
On the way to Sinclair Inlet from Eagle Harbor we
Noctiluca bloom near Commencement Bay
saw another conglomeration of Noctiluca in Port
Blakely. The water sampling and sensor data
collection was a success and we were all excited to
be out on the water during these massive blooms.
We are curious to see how the blooms will look
next month!
Background Photo Courtesy of Natalie Tacconi Noctiluca bloom in Port Blakely
5. Species corner: Noctiluca and the spring bloom
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
Phytoplankton ID contribution: Gabriela Hannach, King County Environmental Lab
Although Noctiluca scintillans (left)
does not produce any harmful
toxins, the cells can accumulate
ammonia that may be harmful to
fish when released into the
surrounding water.
Noctiluca is a large
dinoflagellate that often
causes blooms in Puget Sound.
It feeds on particulate matter,
especially other algae which
Noctiluca is 0.5 mm across, when abundant will fuel the
with a tentacle that helps in bloom.
the movement of food
Diatom blooms continue in
particles.
Puget Sound and are likely
feeding the Noctiluca
populations. Rhizosolenia
(background image), a needle-
like diatom, is currently very
abundant in the Sound.
6. Sound Toxins, NOAA’s Northwest Fisheries Science Center
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
Mobile Harmful Algal Bloom Rapid Guest: Vera Trainer (NOAA)
Response Laboratory (HAB LAB) What’s blooming in Puget
Sound this summer?
Phytoplankton species can
form dense blooms and
discolor the water.
link
• A network of volunteers across Puget Sound
conducts weekly phytoplankton monitoring
that alert researchers and managers of
Heterosigma bloom locations as well as any
other unusual bloom events.
• Volunteers include fish farmers, shellfish
•Project investigators from NOAA (Vera Trainer), University of growers, environmental learning centers,
Maine (Mark Wells), Western University in Ontario, Canada beachwatchers, Native tribes and private
(Charles Trick), Romberg Tiburon Center of the San Francisco State
University (William Cochlan) and their research teams are using citizens.
the HAB LAB to conduct a project titled “The Ecophysiology and
Toxicity of Heterosigma akashiwo” in Puget Sound. • The partnership is called Sound Toxins and
•The project will characterize the toxins and the environmental communicates via a database and by e-mail.
conditions that promote toxin production. This will lead to actions
that mitigate the impact of Heterosigma akashiwo on farmed fish. www.soundtoxins.org
7. Studying why and when toxin production is tuned on
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
NOAA research
vessel Noctiluca •Red streaks are often caused by a harmless
(L – R): Dr. Mark flagellate called Noctiluca. Most of the time red
Wells, Brian Bill, Dr. water does not mean that toxins are present.
Vera Trainer, Emily
Olesin, Nick Adams •Root-beer colored water could be flagellates such
as Gymnodinium, Protoperidinium, and
Heterosigma.
Kevin Bright, America Gold •Most of these flagellates are harmless but some
Seafoods holding salmon can cause human sickness or death.
at Cypress Island farm
•Toxins are often transferred to humans who eat
shellfish that accumulate toxins by filter feeding.
•Alexandrium produces saxitoxin, known to cause
paralytic shellfish poisoning in humans.
Dr. Mark Wells tests
the effects of trace •Heterosigma akashiwo has killed millions of
metals on the farmed fish in Puget Sound since 1989.
growth and toxicity
Heterosigma kills fish with no apparent impact on
of Heterosigma
other animals or humans.
8. Weather patterns from 5-29-2012 to 6-12-2012
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
Meteorological conditions typically explain up to half of the variance in observed marine
variables (Moore et al. 2008), particularly in shallower waters like those of South Puget
Sound. I summarized the specific conditions prevalent during the past two weeks, from north
to south. Source: http://www-k12.atmos.washington.edu/k12/grayskies/nw_weather.html
Summary:
Air temperatures during the
past few weeks have generally
been below average.
Sunshine has been weaker than
normal, except in the past
several days, which could be
triggering blooms.
Rivers have been running above
normal, however this trend is
tapering off as flows decrease.
Winds have been predominantly
from the south.
Moore et al. 2008. Local and large-scale climate forcing of Puget Sound oceanographic properties on seasonal to interdecadal timescales. Limnol. Oceanogr., 53(5), 1746–1758
9. Summary: Aerial photography 6-12-2012
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
Very large Noctiluca bloom in Central Sound. Strong red-brown bloom and
turquoise in Case Inlet. Macro algae in Carr Inlet. Oil sheen in Sinclair Inlet.
Start here
Noctiluca bloom in the news
Mixing and Fronts: 3 8 14
Front
Fronts between Bainbridge Island and West Seattle,
and in Squaxin Passage
Suspended sediment:
Plume Budd Inlet – sediment mixing with algae bloom
Picture courtesy Natalie Tacconi
Noctiluca reaching the shoreline 6-11 Visible blooms: 7 8 9 10 11 12
Red-brown and turquoise in Case Inlet. Red-brown
Bloom
Squaxin Passage. Olive to green in Sinclair Inlet.
Debris 1 2 3 4 5 8 11 12 13 15
Debris
Abundant in Central Sound and usual locations in
South Sound (Squaxin Passage, Case and Carr Inlet)
Picture courtesy Natalie Tacconi
10. Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
High tides : 1:11 PM, Low tides: 7:06 AM , 6:08 PM
Aerial photography
1 15 navigation guide
3
2
5
14 Flight Information:
4
6 Morning flight:
13
7 12 Limited to poor visibility, calm
11
10 Evening flight:
9
Limited visibility, calm
8
Observation Maps:
Central Sound
South Sound
11. 1 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
ferry
Debris
Large Noctiluca bloom in Central Sound. Location: West Seattle (Central Sound), 8:06 AM
12. 2 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
Debris
Large Noctiluca bloom in Central Sound. Location: West Seattle (Central Sound), 8:06 AM
13. 3 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
Debris
Large Noctiluca bloom in Central Sound. Location: Bainbridge Island (Central Sound), 8:07 AM
14. 4 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
Debris
Large Noctiluca bloom in Central Sound. Location: Bainbridge Island (Central Sound), 8:07 AM
15. 5 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
ferry
Debris
Large Noctiluca bloom in Central Sound. Location: Bainbridge Island (Central Sound), 8:08 AM
16. 6 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
Oil sheen
Bloom
Green algae bloom and oil sheen. Location: Sinclair Inlet (Central Sound), 8:14 AM
17. 7 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
Bloom
Brown-red algae bloom & flying under cloud layer. Location: Case Inlet (South Sound), 8:23 AM
18. 8 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
Bloom
surface slick
Different water masses with algae coming from Squaxin Passage (South Sound), 3:58 PM
19. 9 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
Bloom
Bloom
Red-brown and turquoise blooms near Herron Island, Location: Case Inlet
(South Sound), 4:01 PM
20. 10 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
A
Bloom
Red-brown and turquoise blooms near Herron Island,
Location: Case Inlet (South Sound), 4:02 PM
21. 11 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
Bloom
Debris
Fronts and debris lines between Tacoma Narrows and Colvos Passage.
Location: South Central Sound, 2:48 PM
22. 12 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
Bloom
Debris
Floating macro-algae patches (too small to see on image) and red-brown bloom.
Location: Carr Inlet (South Sound) 4:07 PM
23. 13 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
A
Debris
B
Debris
Noctiluca bloom drifting towards shore Location: (A) Quartermaster Harbor - Vashon Island,
(B)East Passage, (Central Sound), 4:15 PM
24. 14 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
barge
Bloom
Front
Bloom
Large Noctiluca bloom between Bainbridge Island and Elliott Bay (Seattle): Location:
Central Sound , 4:20 PM
25. 15 Aerial photography 6-12-2012 Navigate
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
Bloom
Debris
Strong algae bloom between Bainbridge Island and West Point (Seattle): Location:
Central Sound , 3:01 PM
26. Aerial observations in Central Sound, 6-12-2012 Navigate
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
Morning Evening
15
1
3
2
5
6
14
4
13
Numbers on map refer to picture numbers for spatial reference
27. Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
Morning (limited visibility)
7
Aerial
photography
Observations in
South Sound:
6-12-2012
11 12
10
Evening
8 9
Navigate
Numbers on map refer to picture
numbers for spatial reference
28. Legend to map annotations Navigate
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
Comments:
Maps are produced by observers
during and after flights. They are
intended to give an approximate
reconstruction of the surface
conditions on scales that connect
to and overlap with satellite images
in the section that follows.
29. SeaFlow cytometer, (Armbrust Lab)
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
SeaFlow cytometer Guests: Francois Ribalet and
Jared Swalwell
I study how the
environment shapes the
distribution and abundance
of phytoplankton in the
ocean.
I develop new
instrumentation to study
the complex structure of
microbial communities in
the oceans.
We use our underway flow cytometer named
SeaFlow to examine how physical and chemical
gradients influence the distribution, abundance
5/16/12 - Cell density (106 cells per liter) of 4 and activity of phytoplankton communities. Our
phytoplankton populations at 4.5 meters depth along long-term goal is to determine the selective
cruise track from Central Sound into Strait of Juan de Fuca. forces and mechanisms that shape patterns of
community structure and function in the oceans.
SeaFlow cytometer
30. SeaFlow cytometer, (Armbrust Lab)
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
SeaFlow cytometer Victoria Clipper
16 May 13 May
Combining data from
disparate sensors and
sampling platforms
provides valuable
insight (near real-
time) into
environmental forces
that shape the
phytoplankton
community structure
in Puget Sound.
5/16/12 – Bulk fluorescence of
unfiltered (Total) and 100 micron
filtered seawater at 4.5 meters depth.
31. Daily ferry and satellite observations in
Central Sound, 6-10-2012*
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
Contact: brandon.sackmann@ecy.wa.gov
10 June 10 June
Current Conditions: Reduced
fluorescence south of Edmonds; likely
related to intense Noctiluca bloom.
Temperatures near Triple Junction > 12°C;
associated with freshwater entering
Central Sound from Whidbey Basin.
*Thermosalinograph testing interrupted data collection on 11 June;
Clipper did not run on 12 June.
MERIS True Color image used for spatial context (19 February --- Daily ‘Quick-Look’ Products Available ---
2011). Image is not coincident with ferry data shown on right. (http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/mar_wat/eops/clipper.html)
32. Ferry & satellite observations, 4-15-2012 to 5-13-2012
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
The widespread
Noctiluca bloom in
Central Sound
(observed south of
Edmonds from 47.6-
47.75N) was
associated with 3
conditions:
1) Clearer water
(reduced fluorescence
and turbidity);
possibly the result of
increased grazing by
Noctiluca 12 June
2) Cooler sea surface
temperatures
3) Lower CDOM
concentrations
33. Ferry & satellite observations
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
MODIS-Aqua
11 June 2012 @ 14:05 PDT
Modest fluorescence and
satellite chlorophyll levels
remain in Triple Junction, 11 June
north of the area where
Noctiluca was observed Chlorophyll a
Elevated satellite
chlorophyll levels also
associated with blooms in
Carr Inlet and Whidbey
Basin.
34. Mooring observation and trends
5-30-2012 to 6-12-2012
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
In Whidbey Basin, higher DO levels correlated with lower salinity and warmer water.
In Central Sound, surface waters are cooler and saltier.
Mukilteo, Whidbey Basin near Everett: At near-bottom (12-16 m; NB), the overall trend was towards warmer and
less saline water.
Mean values & trend over past 2 weeks:
NB: DO: 9.0 mg/L ( 0.1 mg/L) Surface: Temp: 11.3°C ( 0.2°C)
Temp: 9.6°C ( 0.8°C) Salinity: 23.8 PSU (0.7 PSU)
Salinity: 28.4 PSU ( 0.20 PSU)
Manchester, Central Sound: At near-surface (1.1-5.7 m), the overall trend was towards saltier and cooler water.
Mean values & trend over past 2 weeks:
NB: not reporting Surface: Temp: 10.6 °C ( 0.8°C)
Salinity: 28.3 PSU ( 0.8 PSU)
Real-time data online (click)
35. Mooring observation and trends
5-30-2012 to 6-12-2012
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
Go to our mooring site at: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/mar_wat/moorings.html
Summary: : The thickness of the 28.55 showed a similar pattern as the previous month,
varying with high river flow, spring tide and wind effects.
We currently report the thickness of the freshwater layer between Whidbey Basin and
Central Basin to understand freshwater input to Puget Sound.
Daily average depth of the 28.55 isohaline at Mukilteo
We track the depth of the
5/30
5/31
6/10
6/11
isohaline where salinity is
6/1
6/2
6/3
6/4
6/5
6/6
6/7
6/8
6/9
11 28.55 (±0.05) to measure
11.5 the thickness of the
12 freshwater layer at our
Mukilteo station. The
Pressure (db)
12.5
13
sensor experiences tidal
pressure variations of 11.8
13.5
to 15.6 meters (or dbar).
14
14.5
15
15.5
16 Real-time data online (click)
36. Mooring observation and trends
5-30-2012 to 6-12-2012
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
0.1
Change in
mg DO/L
over 2 weeks
MCH01BR, no
real-time
reporting for Left Panel: Probability of finding a specific density
this period. over the past two-week period. High probability
shown in warm colors.
Right Panel: Dissolved oxygen concentration in
relation to salinity. High probability shown in warm
colors.
SQX01
decommissioned
37. Get data from Ecology’s Monitoring Programs
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
Long–Term Real–Time
Monitoring Network Sensor Network
Ecology’s long-term marine
monitoring stations
Ferry and satellite :
christopher.krembs@ecy.w
brandon.sackmann@ecy.w
a.gov
a.gov
Ferry track
Morning flight
Evening flight
Access core Access mooring
monitoring data: Freshwater Report:
ftp://ecy.wa.gov/EAP/Freshwater
data:
http://www.ecy.wa.gov/a http://www.ecy.wa.gov/pr
Report/Ambient_Monitoring-
pps/eap/marinewq/mwda ograms/eap/mar_wat/mo
Monthly_Summary.html
taset.asp orings.html
38. You may subscribe or unsubscribe to the Eyes Over Puget Sound email listserv by going to:
http://listserv.wa.gov/cgi-bin/wa?A0=ECOLOGY-EYES-OVER-PUGET-SOUND
Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry and Satellite Moorings
We are looking for feedback to improve our products.
Dr. Christopher Krembs
ckre461@ecy.wa.gov
Marine Monitoring Unit
Environmental Assessment Program
WA Department of Ecology
Many thanks to our business partners: Clipper Navigation, Swantown Marina and Kenmore Air.