Enzymes are organic molecules that are essential raw materials for a.pdf
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Enzymes are organic molecules that are essential raw materials for a chemical reaction that are converted into some of it products increase the speed of a chemical reaction determine the nature of the products of a reaction alter the direction in which a chemical reaction proceeds Molecules formed when electrons are unequally shared are non-polar molecules salts polar molecules Which of the following does not describe a mixture? chemical bonds are formed includes both heterogeneous and homogenous examples components can be separated physically properties of its components are retained Solution Ans. 4. Enzymes as organic molecules that B.increase the speed of a chemical reaction. Note: “C” is also correct statement. Enzymes are biomolecules (mostly proteins; few are RNA, too) or organic molecules that act as biocatalyst (catalyst in a biochemical reaction of the cell), thus increase the rate (speed) of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy of the specified reaction. Option A.Incorrect. Enzymes are NOT converted into products; they are (bio)catalysts. Option C. Determine the nature of the products of a reaction. True statement. Enzymes are highly specific in their catalysis- they bind to specific substrate and convert it into specific product(s). For example, consider restriction endonuclease (enzymes), EcoR1 and BamH1. For a hypothetical case, EcoR1 cuts a 100 kb DNA fragment into three fragments- 10 kb, 30 kb and 60 kb. BamH1 cuts the same DNA into 5 fragments- 20 kb, 20 kb, 30 kb, 10 kb and 20 kb. Therefore, the nature of product obtained from a substrate depends on the enzyme, i.e. different enzymes convert the same substrate (reactant) into different products. Option D: Need explanation of “chemical reaction”. Generally, enzymes catalyze a chemical reaction inside cell and shall not be compared to a chemical reaction occurring in a purely non- biological system in general. The comparison can only be made for a specified reaction. Since, here no chemical reaction is mentioned, a generalization can’t be made. So, enzymes catalyze a particular reaction in a particular direction under given “set of reaction environments like pH, temperature, substrate concertation, product concentration, modulators, etc”. Thus, they don’t alter the direction of a chemical reaction, unless there is a change in ““set of reaction environments”. SO, this statement is incorrect. Ans. 5. Correct option: C. polar molecules Consider the case of water molecule (H2O). A larger difference in the electronegativity of the two atoms in a bond (say, O and H-atoms in a O- H bond) causes partial charge separation because the electronegative atom (O-atom) pulls the bonding electrons slightly towards itself, i.e. electrons are shared unequally or placed more close to electronegative O-atom. Thus, the electronegative O- atom gets a partial negative charge and the less electronegative H- atom gets a partial positive charge. It makes the bond polar (two poles of cha.
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*** C++ ***
1.MAIN OBJECTIVE
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Person (Student, Teacher)
Student (B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D., ...)
Teacher (lecturer, adjunct, professor, ...),
Course.
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A student can enroll in a course.
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A teacher can be a lecturer, adjunct or professor.
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/*
* Person.cpp
*
* Created on: 17-Nov-2016
* Author: kasturi
*/
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
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class Course
{
private:
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int courseID;
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public:
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{
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courseName = name;
numofStudents = numOfStudents;
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courseName = name;
}
Course()
{
numofStudents = 0;
}
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{
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infile.open(\"Students.txt\");
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string name, type;
int id, courseID, deptID;
char g;
bool isUG;
double grades[6];
istringstream iss(line);
if (!(iss
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{
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string name;
int id;
istringstream iss(line);
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Chapter 2
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CHEMICAL KINETICS AND ENZYMES B23350B,B223081B,B224645B.pptx
This document discusses chemical kinetics and enzyme kinetics. It defines enzymes as biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being used up in the process. The document describes how enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions and explains the mechanisms of enzyme action, including the lock and key and induced fit hypotheses. It also discusses Michaelis-Menten kinetics and how various factors like temperature, pH, cofactors, and inhibitors can affect the rate of enzyme activity. Allosteric enzymes are defined as having additional binding sites for effector molecules.
Similar to Enzymes are organic molecules that are essential raw materials for a.pdf (20)
Biology - Chp 2 - The Chemistry Of Life - PowerPoint
Biology - Chp 2 - The Chemistry Of Life - PowerPoint
tiếng anh chuyên ngành lọc hoá dầu - đại học mỏ địa chất , giảng viên Bùi Th...
tiếng anh chuyên ngành lọc hoá dầu - đại học mỏ địa chất , giảng viên Bùi Th...
CHEMICAL KINETICS AND ENZYMES B23350B,B223081B,B224645B.pptx
CHEMICAL KINETICS AND ENZYMES B23350B,B223081B,B224645B.pptx
More from nishadvtky
Find the complex zeros of the polynomial function. Write f in factor.pdf
Find the complex zeros of the polynomial function. Write f in factored form.
f(x)=x^4+17x^2+16
Solution
f(x)=x^4+17x^2+16
Let x^2 = y .So,
y^2 +17y +16 =0
Solve the quadratice equation by using te formula:
x= (-b +/- sqrt(b^2 -4ac) )/2a
y = ( -17 +/- sqrt(17^2 -4*16) )/2
y = -16 , -1
Now x^2=y : x^2 = -16 ---> x = +/- 4i
x^2 = -1 -----> x = +/- i
Roots : x= -i , i , 4i ,-4i.
C++ 1.MAIN OBJECTIVEThe goal of this project is to design.pdf
*** C++ ***
1.MAIN OBJECTIVE
The goal of this project is to design and implement a university administration system.
The system consists of classes of these types:
Person (Student, Teacher)
Student (B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D., ...)
Teacher (lecturer, adjunct, professor, ...),
Course.
Department.
You can have additional classes if required.
2. DESCRIPTION
The system should have these relationships included:
A Person should have the basic information of a person like: university ID, name, birth date, and
gender.
A student can be an undergraduate or graduate student.
A student can enroll in a course.
A graduate student can be a teaching assistant or research assistant.
A teaching assistant can be assigned to a course.
A teacher can be a lecturer, adjunct or professor.
A teacher can be assigned to a course.
Courses can be from undergraduate or graduate level.
Courses should include the grades of all students enrolled in the class.
Each teacher, student or course is assigned to a department.
3. TEST PROGRAM
The program should be tested using auxiliary files.
T eachers.txt
Students.txt
Courses.txt
Departments.txt
Each file should contain instances of the classes in the project.
The input to the system is obtained by reading these text files.
Each file should include enough instances to completely test the system’s flow of events:
Display information about Teachers
Display information about Students
Display information about Courses
Display information about Departments
Solution
/*
* Person.cpp
*
* Created on: 17-Nov-2016
* Author: kasturi
*/
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
#define MAX_SIZE 20
class Course
{
private:
string courseName;
int courseID;
float grades[MAX_SIZE][6];
int numofStudents;
public:
Course(int id, string name, int numOfStudents, double grade[6])
{
courseID = id;
courseName = name;
numofStudents = numOfStudents;
}
Course(int id, string name)
{
courseID = id;
courseName = name;
}
Course()
{
numofStudents = 0;
}
void addGrades(double grade[6])
{
for(int i=0; i>id>>name>>g>>courseID>>type>>deptID))
{
break;
} // error
teachers[Teachcounter] = new Teacher(id, name, g, courseID, type, deptID);
Teachcounter++;
}
infile.close();
infile.open(\"Students.txt\");
int stuCounter = 0;
while (getline(infile, line))
{
string name, type;
int id, courseID, deptID;
char g;
bool isUG;
double grades[6];
istringstream iss(line);
if (!(iss
>>id>>name>>g>>type>>courseID>>grades[0]>>grades[1]>>grades[2]>>grades[3]>>grades[4]
>>grades[5]>>deptID))
{
break;
} // error
if(type == \"UnderGraduate\")
isUG = true;
else isUG = false;
students[stuCounter] = new Student(id, name, g, courseID, isUG, grades, deptID);
stuCounter++;
}
infile.close();
//courses
int courseCount = 0;
infile.open(\"Courses.txt\");
while (getline(infile, line))
{
string name;
int id;
istringstream iss(line);
if (!(iss >>id>>name))
{
break;
} // error
course[courseCount] = new Course(id, name);
courseCount++;
}
infile.close();
//Department
int deptCount = 0;
infile.open(\"Departme.
Can the peak to peak ripple current, IL, of a inductor be measured .pdf
Can the peak to peak ripple current, IL, of a inductor be measured using an oscilloscope? I am
doing an assignment on the buck- boost converter using Multisim.
Solution
Cathode ray oscilloscope(cro) is a voltage oriented device varies with respect to time. We cannot
measure directly current but by using voltage and resistor we can find unknown current value (
I.e peak to peak) using ohms law V= RI
And another easy way is clamp on current probe with an oscilloscope..
A statistic is a number describing an aspect of the scores in a samp.pdf
A statistic is a number describing an aspect of the scores in a sample
True or False
Solution
A statistic is a number describing an aspect of the scores in a sample
True or False
Answer: True
A statisticdescribes a sample, while a parameter describes an entire population. A sample is a
smaller subset that is representative of a larger population..
Angle in standavd position10pi7 =SolutionAn angle is in standa.pdf
Angle in standavd position10pi/7 =
Solution
An angle is in standard position if its vertex is located at the origin and one ray is on the positive
x-axis
The reference angle is measured from the terminal side of the original angle \"to\" the x-axis
10pi/7 = pi +3pi/7
----IIIrd quardarnt
Standard position angles = 3pi/7, -( 2pi- 3pi/7) = 3pi/7 , -19pi/7.
Dada la ecuacion de la conica -6x_1^2 + 20 x_1 x_2 + 8x_2^2 + 30 x_1.pdf
Dada la ecuacion de la conica -6x_1^2 + 20 x_1 x_2 + 8x_2^2 + 30 x_1 - 16 x_2 = 15
encontrar, por transformacion de efes, primero en traslacion y luego en rotacion Centro de la
coniea Orintacion de sus ejes principales Identifiear el tipo de conica: elipse, parabola o
hyoerbola
Solution
Ans-
the problem of a vibrating string such as that of a musical instrument was studied by Jean le
Rond d\'Alembert, Leonhard Euler, Daniel Bernoulli, and Joseph-Louis Lagrange.[4][5][6][7] In
1746, d’Alembert discovered the one-dimensional wave equation, and within ten years Euler
discovered the three-dimensional wave equation.[8]
The Euler–Lagrange equation was developed in the 1750s by Euler and Lagrange in connection
with their studies of the tautochrone problem. This is the problem of determining a curve on
which a weighted particle will fall to a fixed point in a fixed amount of time, independent of the
starting point.
Lagrange solved this problem in 1755 and sent the solution to Euler. Both further developed
Lagrange\'s method and applied it to mechanics, which led to the formulation ofLagrangian
mechanics.
Fourier published his work on heat flow in Théorie analytique de la chaleur (The Analytic
Theory of Heat),[9] in which he based his reasoning on Newton\'s law of cooling, namely, that
the flow of heat between two adjacent molecules is proportional to the extremely small
difference of their temperatures. Contained in this book was Fourier\'s proposal of hisheat
equation for conductive diffusion of heat. This partial differential equation is now taught to every
student of mathematical physics.
Example[edit]
For example, in classical mechanics, the motion of a body is described by its position and
velocity as the time value varies. Newton\'s laws allow (given the position, velocity, acceleration
and various forces acting on the body) one to express these variables dynamically as a
differential equation for the unknown position of the body as a function of time.
In some cases, this differential equation (called an equation of motion) may be solved explicitly.
An example of modelling a real world problem using differential equations is the determination
of the velocity of a ball falling through the air, considering only gravity and air resistance. The
ball\'s acceleration towards the ground is the acceleration due to gravity minus the acceleration
due to air resistance.
Gravity is considered constant, and air resistance may be modeled as proportional to the ball\'s
velocity. This means that the ball\'s acceleration, which is a derivative of its velocity, depends on
the velocity (and the velocity depends on time). Finding the velocity as a function of time
involves solving a differential equation and verifying its validity.
Types[edit]
Differential equations can be divided into several types. Apart from describing the properties of
the equation itself, these classes of differential equations can help inform the choice of approach
to a solution. Commonly us.
Assume that a new oxygen-transport protein has been discovered in ce.pdf
Assume that a new oxygen-transport protein has been discovered in certain invertebrate animals.
X-ray diffraction of the deoxy protein reveals that it has the dimeric structure shown in the figure
below in panel (a) with a salt bridge between residues histidine 13 and aspartic acid 85. The two
monomers interact by salt bridges between the C- and N-termini. The O2-binding site lies
between the two iron atoms shown, which are rigidly linked to helices A and C (see panel (b)). In
the deoxy form, the space between the iron atoms is too small to hold O2, and so the Fe atoms
must be forced apart when O2 is bound.
Answer the following questions, explaining your answer in each case in terms of the structure
shown below.
Is this molecule likely to show cooperative oxygen binding?
Is this molecule likely to exhibit a Bohr effect? Helix Helix Fe Fe a 13 13 Fe Fe oxygen
molecule Helix el IX Helix Helix (a) Structure of deoxy protein (b)Detail of the oxygen-binding
N and C denote N-termini site in the oxyform. and C-termini. The dyad axis (c) is perpendicular
to this page.
Solution
Yes, this molecule likely to show cooperative oxygen binding. Binding of oxygen to one of the
monomers will involve pushing away of the Fe atoms, and also a pushing away of the A and C
helix. The A and C helix of the other monomer are joined by salt bridges and widening of the
gap between the two helices on one monomer (lets say R state; i.e. which has bound Oxygen)
will favor the widening of the gap between the two helices on the other monomer (lets say T
state; i.e. which has not bound oxygen). This widening of the gap between the two helices will
favor the binding of oxygen to the Fe atoms with greater ease (hence, the transition from T to R
state), signifying cooperativity.
Yes, the molecule may likely exhibit Bohr effect as well. When, in the presence of CO2 or
otherwise, the pH falls, Histidine will be favored to exist in the protonated state and the salt
bridge will be stronger. This shall make the widening of the gap between the two helices difficult
and oxygen will not be able to bind (T state!). Conversely, when pH rises, the R state will be
favored..
You are lost in the national park of Bandrika. Tourists comprise 23.pdf
You are lost in the national park of Bandrika. Tourists comprise 2/3 of the visitors to the park
and give the correct answer to requests for directions with probability 3/4. If you ask a native
badrikan for directions the answer is always false.
(A) You ask a passer-by for directions to the exit. What is the probability that the directions are
correct?
(B) Calculate the probability that the passer-by was a tourist given that the directions were
correct.
(C) It turns out the directions are NOT correct. Calculate teh probability that the passer-by was a
tourist.
Solution
A.) P(Directions correct) = (2/3)*(3/4) + (1/3)*(0) = 1/2 = 0.5
B.) P(Tourist|Directions correct) = (2/3)*(3/4)/P(Directions correct) = 0.5/0.5 = 1
C.) P(Directions not correct) = 1 - P(Directions correct) = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5
P(tourist|Directions not correct) = (2/3)*(1/4)/P(Directions not correct) = (1/6)/0.5 = 1/3.
Describe in words the phylogenetic relationships among Eusthenoptero.pdf
Describe in words the phylogenetic relationships among Eusthenopteron, Tiktaalik, a modern
salamander, and you. Be sure to describe which are more closely related to each other.
Solution
Answer:
Eusthenopteron, Tiktaalik, modern salamander and humans mark a morphological transition
from fishes to tetrapods and to bipedals like humans.
Eusthenopteron was a large fish (predatory) that were mainly marine, but also inhabited shallow
esturine waters. Eusthenopteron share its phylogenetic relationships with early tetrapods on the
basis of its folded dentition. Moreover, its pectoral and pelvic fins were homologous to radius,
ulna, tibia and fibula of modern tetrapods.
Tiktaalik (also called transitional fossil) marked the transition from aquatic to land in early
tetrapods. Although being a fish, it exhibited morphological characters similar to transition from
water to terrestrial life. It lacks the operculum which converts the bony connection between head
and body to a more flexible neck like structure. This allowed their head movements out of water.
Modern salamaders are tetrapod amphibians typically characterized by appearances which are
lizard like and have the unique capability of limb regeneration. They are related to modern day
humans with respect to the evolution of lungs and four limbs and also in the pattern of shull
development.
Among the organisms mentioned above, Eusthenopteron and Tiktaalik are more closely related
phylogenetically. Evidences include their fin morphology..
Why do scientists refer to Charles Darwins ideas about evolution a.pdf
Why do scientists refer to Charles Darwin\'s ideas about evolution as the theory of evolution?
A.After numerous hypotheses were developed by Charles Darwin, they were collected together
into a theory.
B.Contemporary scientists do not accept it as a viable way of looking at the world.
C.Evolution only works theoretically.
D.It is the best understanding that we have of that part of the natural world.
A.After numerous hypotheses were developed by Charles Darwin, they were collected together
into a theory.
B.Contemporary scientists do not accept it as a viable way of looking at the world.
C.Evolution only works theoretically.
D.It is the best understanding that we have of that part of the natural world.
Solution
D.It is the best understanding that we have of that part of the natural world.
Theory of Evolution is one of the best substantiated theories that explains the formation of
species on this planet. It is supported by evidence from a wide variety of scientific disciplines,
including paleontology, geology, genetics and developmental biology.
D.It is the best understanding that we have of that part of the natural world..
Which of the following terms refers to the ability to attend to cert.pdf
Which of the following terms refers to the ability to attend to certain stimuli in the environment
to process while ignoring distracting information?
Selective attention
None of these
Conscious attention
Divided attention
Selective attention
None of these
Conscious attention
Divided attention
Solution
So the answer is SELECTIVE ATTENTION ..
Which system performs better using OFDM to service two different us.pdf
Which system performs better: using OFDM to service two different users simultaneously with
two 20 MHz channels or using OFDMA to service these two users asynchronously using a 40
MHz channel? Can OFDMA achieve better performance than MU-MIMO? Justify your
reasoning in terms of the number of simultaneous users supported, multipath mitigation, and the
achievable data rate or throughput.
Hint: OFDMA may allow all channels of say the 2.4 or 5 GHz bands to be used simultaneously.
Solution
Multiple input, multiple output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is
the dominant air interface for 4G and 5G broadband wireless communications. It combines
multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) technology, which multiplies capacity by transmitting
different signals over multiple antennas, and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
(OFDM), which divides a radio channel into a large number of closely spaced subchannels to
provide more reliable communications at high speeds. Research conducted during the mid-1990s
showed that while MIMO can be used with other popular air interfaces such as time division
multiple access (TDMA) and code division multiple access (CDMA), the combination of MIMO
and OFDM is most practical at higher data rates.
MIMO-OFDM is the foundation for most advanced wireless local area network (wireless LAN)
and mobile broadband network standards because it achieves the greatest spectral efficiency and,
therefore, delivers the highest capacity and data throughput. Greg Raleigh invented MIMO in
1996 when he showed that different data streams could be transmitted at the same time on the
same frequency by taking advantage of the fact that signals transmitted through space bounce off
objects (such as the ground) and take multiple paths to the receiver. That is, by using multiple
antennas and precoding the data, different data streams could be sent over different paths.
Raleigh suggested and later proved that the processing required by MIMO at higher speeds
would be most manageable using OFDM modulation, because OFDM converts a high-speed data
channel into a number of parallel, lower-speed channels.
OFDMA with 40 MHz will perform better.
Which of the following is a method of reproduction that plants canno.pdf
Which of the following is a method of reproduction that plants cannot do to generate offspring?
sexual reproduction
fragmentation
apomixis
binary fission
Solution
Correct answer is binary fission
plants can reproduce by
sexual reproduction- sexual reproduction is the formation of off spring by the fusion of gamates.
For example sexual reproduction in angiosperm
fragmentation- It is a form of asexual reproduction in which an organism split into fragments
such as molds, lichens and many more plants
apomixis- it is also an asexual reproduction..
What is an interface How is extending a class different from impl.pdf
What is an interface ?
How is extending a class different from implementing an interface ?
Solution
Interface :-
Interface is also one type class; it is a fully un-implemented class. It is used for creating a new
type of object only by declaring set of operations of this object. So interface contains only public
static final variables and public abstract methods for declaring object operations. Interface is
mainly introduced to develop multiple implementation inheritance.
How is extending a class different from implementing an interface ?
Because a class can extend an another class.
But one and only a class implements an interface.
Example :-
Interface I1 { }
Interface I2 { }
class A { }
class c extends A { }
class c extends A implements I1,I2 { }.
Using Windows Batch in command prompt. - Call this programCreate a.pdf
Using Windows Batch in command prompt. - Call this program
Create a batch file that when executed will display the following. Include a pause between each
command
1 - For the current computer find the path that is used to search for executable programs.
2 - Find fiu.edu\'s ip address.
3 - Show the active connections in the current computer
4 - Find the routers used to reach google.com
5 - The IP address of the current computer
Do the same above with Linux Terminal Mode
Solution
Create a text file in desktop. Rename it using .bat extension. Open it with note pad and type the
following command there:
ECHO OFF
1) dir /s /b *.exe
PAUSE
2) ping , where is the computer name or domain name
PAUSE
3) when the cmd opens type - netstat -a
PAUSE
4) ping google.com
PAUSE
5) on cmd window type- ipconfig
PAUSE
save the file..
what are the consequences of HWE on allele and genotype frequencies.pdf
what are the consequences of HWE on allele and genotype frequencies?
Solution
The Hardy-Weinberg law states that the proportions or frequencies of the alleles in gene pool of
a population remain constant or at equilibrium from generation to generation unless acted upon
by agents other than sexual recombination. The genotypic frequencies stabilize after one
generation in proportions determined by allelic frequencies. The Hardy-Weinberg equation
provides a standard to measure the changes in allele frequencies occurring in the natural
populations without this equation the change in the frequency of alleles the magnitude and
direction of the alleles and the forces responsible for change in allele characteristics can not be
detected.
Apart from the natural selection the change in the composition of the gene pool of a population is
influenced by other conditions as follows:-
Mutations alter the gene pool by changing one allele in to another.
Mutations are the heritable changes in the genotype and can be caused by addition or deletion of
few nucleotides in a DNA molecule or segments of chromosomes or whole set of chromosomes.
Mutations may occur spontaneously and randomly. The rate of spontaneous mutations is
generally low but can bring about the evolutionary change because the variation is acted upon by
evolutionary forces.
Movement of individuals leads to the transfer of alleles in to the population and can change the
gene pools.
The gene flow or movement of alleles occurs due to immigration or emigration of individuals.
Incase of plants the gene flow is possible through the movement of pollen between populations.
The gene flow can introduce new alleles in to the populations or can change the frequency of
existing alleles. The overall effect of gene flow is to decrease the difference the populations.
Large population size can alter the frequencies or relative proportions of alleles in a gene pool.
Population size is more important to estimate the frequency of alleles in the gene pool. A
defective allele with 1% frequency in a population containing 1 million individuals the affected
population would be 20,000. If few individuals of this population with the defective gene are
destroyed before producing the progeny the effect on the frequency on defective allele would be
negligible. In a population of 50 individuals the frequency of defective allele would be 1 in 80.
Thus, the change in the gene pool takes place by chance is known as genetic drift and it plays a
major role in determination of evolution of small populations.
The gene pool is altered when the population is deviated by the random mating.
Random mating results in the mating of population with the close neighbors and large
populations contain the closely related individuals. Inbreeding is resulted due to non random
mating of closely related individuals. The non random mating does not change the frequencies of
alleles in the gene pool but affects the genotypic frequencies..
What are three major operating characteristics of air filtersSo.pdf
What are three major operating characteristics of air filters?
Solution
Characteristics of Air Filters:
1. The material of the air filters attracts the particles in the air, so that they get stick to it, and
does not pass through it. Sometimes an absorbent like charcoal may be also used with the filter
material to abosrb the dust.
2. The performance depends on the ability to arrest the movement of the particles but allowing
the air, so their design varies as per the requirement. Some high performance filters can filter
very small particles.
3. Some filters may be made reusable with the rewashing, but they are very less common.
Three common types of air filters are:
(a)Fibreglass Filters:
They use fibreglass layers to form the filter media.
(b) Polyester and pleated filters
they have higher air resistance than fibreglass but can stop smaller size particles as well.
(c) High efficiency particulate arrestance (HEPA) filters. Very fine particles can be arrested by
such filters. It filters 99.97 percent of all particles of size 0.3 microns or larger..
What are “nonsense syllables” and what is their importanceSolut.pdf
What are “nonsense syllables” and what is their importance?
Solution
A.Nonsense syllables are meaningless sets of two consonants with a vowel switched in between.
They are used in psychological experiments regarding speech, understanding and memory,
particularly in the area of cognitive psychology. Nonsense syllables relies on simple acoustic
coding and maintenance rehearsal rather than on elaborative rehearsal, semantic coding or other
ways of making learning meaningful..
Three kinds of macromolecules are present in cell membranes. What ar.pdf
Three kinds of macromolecules are present in cell membranes. What are they? What larger
structures do they make? What are the essential aspects of these structures that dictate their
function?
Solution
Three kinds of macromolecules are present in cell membranes:
Lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates
These three macromolecules together to form a complex phospholipid bilayer in which
periplasmic proteins are distributed in a mosaic manner. The large fluid mosaic structure is
formed from these macromolecules composed of phospholipid bilayers with protein channels for
the transport of organic & inorganic nutrients including trace metal. Normally, the essential
aspects of these structures composed of \"porins, protein channels, integral proteins” that dictate
their function for the selective permeability, diffusion of nutrients across the membrane into &
out of the cell finally to attain homeostasis
For instance, fluid mosaic model describes that two-dimensional liquid layer of cell membrane
where proteins distributed like mosaic model in the phospholipid bilayer. This model mostly
accepted by biologists Role of the protein molecules in this model cell membrane layers are
membrane extracellular protein domains in connection to the lipid bilayer membrane. Membrane
phospholipids are the molecules with hydrophillic polar heads towards the solvent such as water
whereas hydrophobic tail located towards the center of the layer and this bilayer formed by
micelles, as fatty acids possess one polar associated with another nonpolar head. Cell membrane
possesses a property known as selective permeability. Cell membrane consists of phopholipid
bilayer that also include several of the transmembrane proteins, ion channels etc. Small, non-
polar molecules with hydrophobic nature diffuse more easily into the cell membrane. Similarly,
proteins interact and assemble themselves to form several layers of structures in our body.
Small particles are such as oxygen and CO2, urea can cross the lipid bilayer easily through
diffusion compared to glucose (channel mediated-sodium dependent transport into the cell),
amino acids (channel mediated) and various ions etc. Atoms.
There are five girls and five boys at a party. In how many ways can .pdf
There are five girls and five boys at a party. In how many ways can they be seated in a row of
six?
Solution
Each boy and each girl is different from each other. Although there are 5 boys, those are 5
different boys, that is.
Thus, we just have 10 distinct objects, taken 6 at a time.
The order of seating matters, so we do permutations.
Thus,
#ways = 10P6 = 151,200 [ANSWER].
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