Waste tyres are abundant, relatively safe but emit nasty stuff if they catch fire. Since whole tyres and tyre shred were banned from landfill fly tipping became an issue in the UK. But not any more as more and more innovative uses for waste tyre derived products are coming to the fore....

1. Environmental Regulation & Managing Waste Tyres John Dyne

2. Are waste tyres ‘difficult’? Quantities Fly tipping Tyre Scams Arson Spontaneous combustion Landfill ban Finding outlets

3. Waste Framework Directive ‘End-of-waste’ specifications and criteria should be developed for tyres ‘End of waste test’ ‘when it has undergone a recovery, including recycling, operation..’ (a) the substance or object is commonly used for specific purposes; (b) a market or demand exists for such a substance or object; (c) the substance or object fulfils the technical requirements for the specific purposes and meets the existing legislation and standards applicable to products; and (d) the use of the substance or object will not lead to overall adverse environmental or human health impacts.

5. Processing in accordance with Quality Protocol*

6. Conformity with material standard (e.g. PAS107:2007)*

7. Conformity with one of the size categories stated in Quality Protocol*

8. Conformity with specified engineering standards (civil/ landfill engineering)

9. Conformity with any additional customer specification

10. Material must achieve certification from an approved body / records*

13. Stored indefinitely with little prospect of being used, or

15. The regulation of materials being considered by the Waste Protocols Project Purpose of this position statement This position statement advises our staff and customers on how we intend to regulate wastes being considered by the Waste Protocols Project – a joint Environment Agency and WRAP (Waste & Resources Action Programme) initiative. The statement sets out our regulatory position for the interim period between when a material is accepted for inclusion in the Waste Protocols Project and a decision being made by the Environment Agency and European Commission under the Technical Standards and Regulations Directive 98/34/EC. The current waste streams and end uses being considered are listed in Annex 1.

16. 8. Tyre-derived rubber material Final use Processed for use in: • civil engineering (road applications): o as a replacement aggregate in the construction of roads including roadbed stabiliser, slope stabiliser, drainage fill and as an additive for rubberised asphalt; o as a loose or bound material in the surfacing of footpaths, nature trails, cycle paths, bridleways and roads. • civil engineering (non-road applications): o as a replacement aggregate in the construction of culverts, drainage channels and bridge abutments; o as a replacement aggregate in the construction and building industry, e.g. use in block fabrication; o as a bound rubberised product including wall and floor boarding (e.g. chairs and signposts) and railway crossing surface matting. • landfill engineering: as a replacement aggregate in the construction of landfill sites (e.g. as a drainage layer). • sports, recreation and leisure applications: o as unbound rubber granulate in sports surfacing (e.g. artificial turf, race courses, equestrian surfaces and running tracks); o as unbound rubber granulate in recreation and safety surfacing (playground surfaces, nature trails, bridleways, cycle trails); o as a bound rubber granulate and/ or powders in safety surface matting, anti-vibration matting, impact protection barriers and street furniture. • industrial and consumer applications: o automotive (e.g. new and remoulded tyres, mats and moulded parts); o street furniture and road surface matting (e.g. level crossings); o rubberised tiles and insulation mats; o rubber matting (e.g. livestock mats and mattresses); o as ingredients in rubberised adhesives and mastics; o manufacturing of consumer products (e.g. footwear and stationery); o carpet underlay. Relevant standards • BSI PAS 107 Specification for the manufacture and storage of size reduced tyre materials

17. We will adopt the following approach for wastes listed and used for one of the final uses specified for that waste type in Annex 1: • If you require a permit for the listed final use of the processed waste but you do not yet have one, we will not normally require you to have one provided:4 o the waste is not mixed with other wastes; o the waste is only mixed with non-wastes that improves its use or application; o the activity is carried out in such a way that it does not, or is unlikely to, cause nuisance or harm to human health or the environment.

18. Enforcement By not requiring you to obtain an environmental permit, we will not normally take enforcement for the lack of a permit unless the activity has caused, or is likely to cause, pollution or harm to health or a nuisance

19. Legal issues The tyre derived material must: be capable of a use specified in Annex 1 be unlikely to, cause nuisance or harm to human health or the environment not be submitted to a disposal operation not be mixed with other wastes Any pending proceedings would have to be stayed

20. Conclusions Tyres will remain an emotive subject The regulatory position statement is helpful The Wrap Quality Protocol and end of waste criteria is helpful There are a number of existing and emerging outlets for tyres

21. Potential outlets Remoulds and Retreads: the re-use of tyres for cars and light trucks. Tyre crumb used for carpet underlay Tyre crumb used in micro-asphalt Microbial Devulcanisation Equestrian Surface: Tyre chip for an all-weather gallop Baled tyre substitution of aggregate for landfill sites Tyre chips for lighter weight Construction Blocks Shore protection using waste tyres Tyre bales for use in embankment construction Conversion of used tyres and tyre shred into carbon black, oil and steel

22. Questions?