The document summarizes a study that explored the environmental perceptions of 112 housewives living in rural communities in the Alta Sierra Tarahumara region of Mexico. Some key findings include:
1. Indigenous women had lower levels of education and environmental knowledge compared to Mestizo women.
2. The majority perceived overexploitation of natural resources as negatively impacting the environment, especially the depletion of water and oxygen. Logging was seen as the most damaging economic activity.
3. Women with children in school had more diverse environmental interests and perceived issues like garbage and drought as problems, while those without children focused more on forest fires and latrines.
This document provides summaries of research, publications, presentations, and awards for faculty members in the UTSA College of Public Policy between January 2015 and September 2015. It highlights work by Lloyd Potter, Corey Sparks, Francine Romero, Rogelio Saenz, Heywood Sanders, Christopher Reddick, Martell Teasley, Patricia Jaramillo, Emmett Gill, Candace Christensen, Alfred Perez, Steven Hoffman, Marie Tillyer, and Michael Gilbert. It also summarizes grants and awards received by the Policy Studies Center and researchers like Byongook Moon and Roger Enriquez.
Published by NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS - A group of national refereed, peer-reviewed, scholarly, academic periodicals. William Allan Kritsonis, PhD, Editor-in-Chief, NFJ (Since 1982)
WILLIAM ALLAN KRITSONIS was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies. He was honored by the Texas National Association for Multicultural Education as Professor, Scholar, and Pioneer Publisher for Distinguished Service to Multicultural Research Publishing. The ceremony was held at Texas A&M University-College Station. He was inducted into the prestigious William H. Parker Leadership Academy Hall of Honor. He was an Invited Visiting Lecturer at the Oxford Round Table at Oriel College in the University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Dr. Kritsonis was a Visiting Scholar at Columbia University’s Teacher College in New York, and Visiting Scholar in the School of Education at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
This study explored the lived experiences of 10 street children (6 males and 4 females) aged 14-18 in Durban, South Africa through in-depth interviews. It found that street children commonly experienced violence and substance abuse, which posed risks to their health. However, they also demonstrated resilience through personal strength, cultural values, religion, peer support, and participating in sports. The study concluded protective factors should be strengthened through interventions focusing on mental health, violence prevention, substance use reduction, and daily activities to provide meaning and hope for street children.
Analysis of the socioeconomic factors affecting women’sAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the socioeconomic factors that affect women's contributions to household welfare in Mubi North Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. The study found that most respondents were married with a mean age of 42 and average household size of eight people. While 70% had some formal education, women's income contributions to households were below 30% for 90% of respondents. Regression analysis showed that age and income were significant factors influencing women's contributions, with contributions increasing with age and income. The study recommends equipping rural women with knowledge of nutrition and education to enable greater contributions to food security and children's education.
Terrell Allen Hayes is an Associate Professor of Sociology at High Point University. He received his Ph.D. in Sociology from Vanderbilt University in 1996. His research interests include focused deterrence strategies in crime prevention, consumer culture, social class, deviance in the workplace, and corporatization in higher education. He has taught a variety of sociology courses at HPU since 2001 and has mentored numerous undergraduate research projects.
The perception process involves three steps: selection, sorting, and interpretation. In selection, our senses select certain stimuli from the environment to enter our awareness based on intensity, repetition, and change. In sorting, we organize and prioritize the selected information based on our experiences. In interpretation, we assign meaning to the sorted data by searching our memories and relating it to previous experiences. This three-step process of selection, sorting, and interpretation allows us to perceive and understand the world around us.
Difference perception and their effect on communicationVijay Vasani
This document discusses the difference between perception and communication and how they affect each other. It defines communication as conveying information between people to create understanding, and perception as how people interpret sensory information to form views of the world. Communication and perception are interrelated - a message can be perceived differently depending on factors like culture, environment, and self-perception. The document also describes different types of perception like self-perception, learned perception, environmental perception, cultural perception, and physical perception. Finally, it discusses how perception affects communication, as people perceive things differently, and the role of communication is to convey messages to build desired perceptions.
This document provides summaries of research, publications, presentations, and awards for faculty members in the UTSA College of Public Policy between January 2015 and September 2015. It highlights work by Lloyd Potter, Corey Sparks, Francine Romero, Rogelio Saenz, Heywood Sanders, Christopher Reddick, Martell Teasley, Patricia Jaramillo, Emmett Gill, Candace Christensen, Alfred Perez, Steven Hoffman, Marie Tillyer, and Michael Gilbert. It also summarizes grants and awards received by the Policy Studies Center and researchers like Byongook Moon and Roger Enriquez.
Published by NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS - A group of national refereed, peer-reviewed, scholarly, academic periodicals. William Allan Kritsonis, PhD, Editor-in-Chief, NFJ (Since 1982)
WILLIAM ALLAN KRITSONIS was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies. He was honored by the Texas National Association for Multicultural Education as Professor, Scholar, and Pioneer Publisher for Distinguished Service to Multicultural Research Publishing. The ceremony was held at Texas A&M University-College Station. He was inducted into the prestigious William H. Parker Leadership Academy Hall of Honor. He was an Invited Visiting Lecturer at the Oxford Round Table at Oriel College in the University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Dr. Kritsonis was a Visiting Scholar at Columbia University’s Teacher College in New York, and Visiting Scholar in the School of Education at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
This study explored the lived experiences of 10 street children (6 males and 4 females) aged 14-18 in Durban, South Africa through in-depth interviews. It found that street children commonly experienced violence and substance abuse, which posed risks to their health. However, they also demonstrated resilience through personal strength, cultural values, religion, peer support, and participating in sports. The study concluded protective factors should be strengthened through interventions focusing on mental health, violence prevention, substance use reduction, and daily activities to provide meaning and hope for street children.
Analysis of the socioeconomic factors affecting women’sAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the socioeconomic factors that affect women's contributions to household welfare in Mubi North Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. The study found that most respondents were married with a mean age of 42 and average household size of eight people. While 70% had some formal education, women's income contributions to households were below 30% for 90% of respondents. Regression analysis showed that age and income were significant factors influencing women's contributions, with contributions increasing with age and income. The study recommends equipping rural women with knowledge of nutrition and education to enable greater contributions to food security and children's education.
Terrell Allen Hayes is an Associate Professor of Sociology at High Point University. He received his Ph.D. in Sociology from Vanderbilt University in 1996. His research interests include focused deterrence strategies in crime prevention, consumer culture, social class, deviance in the workplace, and corporatization in higher education. He has taught a variety of sociology courses at HPU since 2001 and has mentored numerous undergraduate research projects.
The perception process involves three steps: selection, sorting, and interpretation. In selection, our senses select certain stimuli from the environment to enter our awareness based on intensity, repetition, and change. In sorting, we organize and prioritize the selected information based on our experiences. In interpretation, we assign meaning to the sorted data by searching our memories and relating it to previous experiences. This three-step process of selection, sorting, and interpretation allows us to perceive and understand the world around us.
Difference perception and their effect on communicationVijay Vasani
This document discusses the difference between perception and communication and how they affect each other. It defines communication as conveying information between people to create understanding, and perception as how people interpret sensory information to form views of the world. Communication and perception are interrelated - a message can be perceived differently depending on factors like culture, environment, and self-perception. The document also describes different types of perception like self-perception, learned perception, environmental perception, cultural perception, and physical perception. Finally, it discusses how perception affects communication, as people perceive things differently, and the role of communication is to convey messages to build desired perceptions.
A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibiaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the determinants of savings in Namibia from 1991 to 2012. It reviews previous literature on savings determinants in developing countries. The study uses time series analysis including unit root tests, cointegration, and error correction models to analyze the relationship between savings and variables like income, inflation, population growth, deposit rates, and financial deepening in Namibia. The results found inflation and income have a positive impact on savings, while population growth negatively impacts savings. Deposit rates and financial deepening were found to have no significant impact. The study reinforces previous work and emphasizes the importance of improving income levels to achieve higher savings rates in Namibia.
A transformational generative approach towards understanding al-istifhamAlexander Decker
This document discusses a transformational-generative approach to understanding Al-Istifham, which refers to interrogative sentences in Arabic. It begins with an introduction to the origin and development of Arabic grammar. The paper then explains the theoretical framework of transformational-generative grammar that is used. Basic linguistic concepts and terms related to Arabic grammar are defined. The document analyzes how interrogative sentences in Arabic can be derived and transformed via tools from transformational-generative grammar, categorizing Al-Istifham into linguistic and literary questions.
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
This document provides a review of trends in Salmonella and antibiotic resistance. It begins with an introduction to Salmonella as a facultative anaerobe that causes nontyphoidal salmonellosis. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella is then discussed. The document proceeds to cover the historical perspective and classification of Salmonella, definitions of antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella including modification or destruction of antimicrobial agents, efflux pumps, modification of antibiotic targets, and decreased membrane permeability. Specific resistance mechanisms are discussed for several classes of antimicrobials.
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
This document presents definitions and properties related to generalized D*-metric spaces and establishes some common fixed point theorems for contractive type mappings in these spaces. It begins by introducing D*-metric spaces and generalized D*-metric spaces, defines concepts like convergence and Cauchy sequences. It presents lemmas showing the uniqueness of limits in these spaces and the equivalence of different definitions of convergence. The goal of the paper is then stated as obtaining a unique common fixed point theorem for generalized D*-metric spaces.
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aimed to synthesize motivation theories into a universal model for managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was guided by Maslow and McGregor's theories. A sample of 303 marketing executives was used. The results showed that managers will be most effective at motivating marketing executives if they consider individual needs and create challenging but attainable goals. The emerged model suggests managers should provide job satisfaction by tailoring assignments to abilities and monitoring performance with feedback. This addresses confusion faced by Nigerian bank managers in determining effective motivation strategies.
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
This document presents a framework for evaluating the usability of B2C e-commerce websites. It involves user testing methods like usability testing and interviews to identify usability problems in areas like navigation, design, purchasing processes, and customer service. The framework specifies goals for the evaluation, determines which website aspects to evaluate, and identifies target users. It then describes collecting data through user testing and analyzing the results to identify usability problems and suggest improvements.
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
Gender analysis of rural dwellers accessibility to free natural resources in ...Alexander Decker
This document analyzes gender differences in access to free natural resources among rural dwellers in Ussa Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. It finds that both men and women access resources like fruits, fish, and fuelwood, but men have greater access to bush meat, honey, and materials for housing and tools, while women focus more on vegetables, mushrooms, and medicinal plants. It also finds that women take more of the resources they gather home for household consumption, while men sell a larger portion for income. The document recommends increased gender-based training to encourage sustainable management of natural resources and contribute to food security and poverty reduction.
This document discusses several studies on the relationship between children, nature, and conservation. It notes that children are often excluded from conservation studies that look at factors like race, income, and location. Exposure to green spaces is important for children's cognitive, emotional, and physical development. However, studies show that urban children and those from lower-income families often have less access to nature. The document examines how social views of nature can influence children's understanding of conservation and their relationship with the natural world.
This document summarizes research on natural resource management strategies in northern Ghana. It finds that both informal, traditional strategies and formal strategies are important for sustainability. Traditional strategies emphasized respect for nature and prohibiting overexploitation through spiritual beliefs and rules passed down over generations. However, population growth is depleting resources. The research concludes that local and formal/modern knowledge systems must collaborate continuously to address resource depletion through mutually reinforcing laws and management practices. A combination of ethnographic research methods and surveys were used to understand perspectives of local experts and community members.
This paper examines the profile of the tribal families from Palghar district. The study was conducted at the Palghar district. A sample of 120 tribal families were considered as respondents for present study. The respondents were interviewed with the help of specially designed schedule. Collected data was classified, tabulated and analysed by using various statistical method. The result of the study showed that most of the respondents have 'medium' family education status, 'medium' family size, 'medium' annual family income, 'cultivation' as their major occupation, 'marginal' land holding, 'fair' cropping pattern, 'medium' farming experience and 'low' social participation. The extension workers should consider these facts while planning and executing programmes for development of the tribal families living in Palghar district.
The document discusses the relationship between women and the environment. It notes that in the 1970s, Esther Boserup's book sparked interest in this topic. In the 1980s, policymakers began considering gender issues in environmental management. Women often have profound traditional knowledge of the natural world. The document also discusses how women's roles in agriculture and as gatherers of wood fuel came under increased scrutiny. It notes that environmental development has significant impacts on women.
This document discusses women's health information needs in developing countries. It reviews literature on how women in developing nations seek health information and the barriers they face. Key barriers include lack of education, cultural and social norms, financial constraints, distance to resources, and gender inequality. Rural and illiterate women especially struggle to access reliable health information to make informed choices about their care.
The document discusses a study on the awareness of anganwadi workers regarding female foeticide in Kathua district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. It finds that while the workers were generally aware of female foeticide and its causes, their knowledge of relevant laws was low. Only 6% knew about the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, and many were unaware of legal fines and imprisonment for sex determination. The study aims to increase awareness among anganwadi workers of the issue and existing policies to address female foeticide.
The document summarizes a study on intra-household labor distribution and the role of women in family decision making in Bangladesh. It analyzed 3 samples of households and found that:
1) Male members spent more time on productive work like crops and livestock while females spent more on reproductive work.
2) Females spent significant time on productive work as well and their workload increased after joining a poverty-reduction project.
3) After joining the project, 50% of females in some households became more involved in family decision making.
Gender And Disaster Risk Reduction Ifrc CaribbeanLn Perch
This document provides an overview of gender and disaster risk reduction. It begins with definitions of key terms like gender mainstreaming and gender analysis. It then presents case studies on the different impacts of disasters on women and men in Grenada, St. Lucia, and St. Kitts and Nevis. The document discusses how gender analysis is important for understanding social inequalities and power differentials between women and men. It also explores how gender should be considered in areas like vulnerability, response, and management in disaster and environmental contexts.
The Relationship of Coping Mechanisms to the Role of 4PS Families in Northern...YogeshIJTSRD
This study analyzed the relationship between the roles and coping mechanisms of the recipient of 4Ps in the province of Northern Samar considering the 4Ps recipients as the representatives of the poor families. It described the socio demographic characteristics of the poor families in the selected communities in the Northern Samar. It analyzed the emergent roles of families in relation to income generation, provision of basic needs and family spending. The power patterns among poor families were also examined. It also discussed the coping mechanisms of poor families in terms of income generation, provision of basic needs and family spending. This study considered the heads of poor families in the drawing out area. The recipients of the PantawidPamilyang Pilipino Program 4Ps were basically the subjects of the study. They were drawn through purposive sampling technique. The findings revealed that a majority of the parents of the poor families of Northern Samar were elementary graduates, with a monthly income of one thousand or less which were generally earned from farming as the major sources of income and were found to spend much for their “food-. A majority of the poor families had nuclear structure, with carpentry and “others- as their special skills had single houses type with light materials that need minor repair however, a majority owned their respective dwelling places but these were used to be attacked by typhoons. In terms of income generation, family coping mechanisms of poor families in Northern Samar, the frequently practiced mechanisms was generally, the culture of sharing is observed in the family while the seldom practiced was a member of the family has to stop schooling and work to augment the income of the family. It further illustrated that the profile of the poor families such as educational attainment and monthly income was significant predictors in generating income, in the provision of basic needs and family spending. Veronica A. Aleria "The Relationship of Coping Mechanisms to the Role of 4PS Families in Northern Samar, Philippines" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43780.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/43780/the-relationship-of-coping-mechanisms-to-the-role-of-4ps-families-in-northern-samar-philippines/veronica-a-aleria
This document provides a research inquiry memo describing a grounded theory study. The study aims to understand how lack of urban green spaces in low-income Black and Hispanic neighborhoods in Chicago contributes to health inequities. The researcher will conduct interviews with 30 residents from three neighborhoods to understand their experiences with urban green spaces. The data will be analyzed using grounded theory methods, including open, axial, and selective coding to generate a theory about the relationship between urban green spaces and health inequities. The findings could help address environmental injustices and inform policy changes to improve urban green spaces in marginalized communities.
Women's participation in communal forests: experience from Nicaragua's indige...CIFOR-ICRAF
In this CIFOR-hosted session of the 2014 IUFRO World Congress, experts examined the implications of forest and land tenure reforms in Nicaragua and elsewhere (in Asia, Africa and Latin America) with emphasis on local institutions, governance, livelihoods, and gender dynamics.
The study examined the knowledge level of disadvantaged women beneficiaries on horticultural crop production technologies in Tripura, India. A survey was conducted of 200 randomly selected women beneficiaries belonging to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. The results found that 49% of respondents had high knowledge, 38% had medium knowledge, and 13.5% had low knowledge. The respondents' age, education level, media exposure, landholding size, and social participation were all positively correlated with higher knowledge levels.
A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibiaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the determinants of savings in Namibia from 1991 to 2012. It reviews previous literature on savings determinants in developing countries. The study uses time series analysis including unit root tests, cointegration, and error correction models to analyze the relationship between savings and variables like income, inflation, population growth, deposit rates, and financial deepening in Namibia. The results found inflation and income have a positive impact on savings, while population growth negatively impacts savings. Deposit rates and financial deepening were found to have no significant impact. The study reinforces previous work and emphasizes the importance of improving income levels to achieve higher savings rates in Namibia.
A transformational generative approach towards understanding al-istifhamAlexander Decker
This document discusses a transformational-generative approach to understanding Al-Istifham, which refers to interrogative sentences in Arabic. It begins with an introduction to the origin and development of Arabic grammar. The paper then explains the theoretical framework of transformational-generative grammar that is used. Basic linguistic concepts and terms related to Arabic grammar are defined. The document analyzes how interrogative sentences in Arabic can be derived and transformed via tools from transformational-generative grammar, categorizing Al-Istifham into linguistic and literary questions.
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
This document provides a review of trends in Salmonella and antibiotic resistance. It begins with an introduction to Salmonella as a facultative anaerobe that causes nontyphoidal salmonellosis. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella is then discussed. The document proceeds to cover the historical perspective and classification of Salmonella, definitions of antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella including modification or destruction of antimicrobial agents, efflux pumps, modification of antibiotic targets, and decreased membrane permeability. Specific resistance mechanisms are discussed for several classes of antimicrobials.
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
This document presents definitions and properties related to generalized D*-metric spaces and establishes some common fixed point theorems for contractive type mappings in these spaces. It begins by introducing D*-metric spaces and generalized D*-metric spaces, defines concepts like convergence and Cauchy sequences. It presents lemmas showing the uniqueness of limits in these spaces and the equivalence of different definitions of convergence. The goal of the paper is then stated as obtaining a unique common fixed point theorem for generalized D*-metric spaces.
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aimed to synthesize motivation theories into a universal model for managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was guided by Maslow and McGregor's theories. A sample of 303 marketing executives was used. The results showed that managers will be most effective at motivating marketing executives if they consider individual needs and create challenging but attainable goals. The emerged model suggests managers should provide job satisfaction by tailoring assignments to abilities and monitoring performance with feedback. This addresses confusion faced by Nigerian bank managers in determining effective motivation strategies.
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
This document presents a framework for evaluating the usability of B2C e-commerce websites. It involves user testing methods like usability testing and interviews to identify usability problems in areas like navigation, design, purchasing processes, and customer service. The framework specifies goals for the evaluation, determines which website aspects to evaluate, and identifies target users. It then describes collecting data through user testing and analyzing the results to identify usability problems and suggest improvements.
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
Gender analysis of rural dwellers accessibility to free natural resources in ...Alexander Decker
This document analyzes gender differences in access to free natural resources among rural dwellers in Ussa Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. It finds that both men and women access resources like fruits, fish, and fuelwood, but men have greater access to bush meat, honey, and materials for housing and tools, while women focus more on vegetables, mushrooms, and medicinal plants. It also finds that women take more of the resources they gather home for household consumption, while men sell a larger portion for income. The document recommends increased gender-based training to encourage sustainable management of natural resources and contribute to food security and poverty reduction.
This document discusses several studies on the relationship between children, nature, and conservation. It notes that children are often excluded from conservation studies that look at factors like race, income, and location. Exposure to green spaces is important for children's cognitive, emotional, and physical development. However, studies show that urban children and those from lower-income families often have less access to nature. The document examines how social views of nature can influence children's understanding of conservation and their relationship with the natural world.
This document summarizes research on natural resource management strategies in northern Ghana. It finds that both informal, traditional strategies and formal strategies are important for sustainability. Traditional strategies emphasized respect for nature and prohibiting overexploitation through spiritual beliefs and rules passed down over generations. However, population growth is depleting resources. The research concludes that local and formal/modern knowledge systems must collaborate continuously to address resource depletion through mutually reinforcing laws and management practices. A combination of ethnographic research methods and surveys were used to understand perspectives of local experts and community members.
This paper examines the profile of the tribal families from Palghar district. The study was conducted at the Palghar district. A sample of 120 tribal families were considered as respondents for present study. The respondents were interviewed with the help of specially designed schedule. Collected data was classified, tabulated and analysed by using various statistical method. The result of the study showed that most of the respondents have 'medium' family education status, 'medium' family size, 'medium' annual family income, 'cultivation' as their major occupation, 'marginal' land holding, 'fair' cropping pattern, 'medium' farming experience and 'low' social participation. The extension workers should consider these facts while planning and executing programmes for development of the tribal families living in Palghar district.
The document discusses the relationship between women and the environment. It notes that in the 1970s, Esther Boserup's book sparked interest in this topic. In the 1980s, policymakers began considering gender issues in environmental management. Women often have profound traditional knowledge of the natural world. The document also discusses how women's roles in agriculture and as gatherers of wood fuel came under increased scrutiny. It notes that environmental development has significant impacts on women.
This document discusses women's health information needs in developing countries. It reviews literature on how women in developing nations seek health information and the barriers they face. Key barriers include lack of education, cultural and social norms, financial constraints, distance to resources, and gender inequality. Rural and illiterate women especially struggle to access reliable health information to make informed choices about their care.
The document discusses a study on the awareness of anganwadi workers regarding female foeticide in Kathua district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. It finds that while the workers were generally aware of female foeticide and its causes, their knowledge of relevant laws was low. Only 6% knew about the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, and many were unaware of legal fines and imprisonment for sex determination. The study aims to increase awareness among anganwadi workers of the issue and existing policies to address female foeticide.
The document summarizes a study on intra-household labor distribution and the role of women in family decision making in Bangladesh. It analyzed 3 samples of households and found that:
1) Male members spent more time on productive work like crops and livestock while females spent more on reproductive work.
2) Females spent significant time on productive work as well and their workload increased after joining a poverty-reduction project.
3) After joining the project, 50% of females in some households became more involved in family decision making.
Gender And Disaster Risk Reduction Ifrc CaribbeanLn Perch
This document provides an overview of gender and disaster risk reduction. It begins with definitions of key terms like gender mainstreaming and gender analysis. It then presents case studies on the different impacts of disasters on women and men in Grenada, St. Lucia, and St. Kitts and Nevis. The document discusses how gender analysis is important for understanding social inequalities and power differentials between women and men. It also explores how gender should be considered in areas like vulnerability, response, and management in disaster and environmental contexts.
The Relationship of Coping Mechanisms to the Role of 4PS Families in Northern...YogeshIJTSRD
This study analyzed the relationship between the roles and coping mechanisms of the recipient of 4Ps in the province of Northern Samar considering the 4Ps recipients as the representatives of the poor families. It described the socio demographic characteristics of the poor families in the selected communities in the Northern Samar. It analyzed the emergent roles of families in relation to income generation, provision of basic needs and family spending. The power patterns among poor families were also examined. It also discussed the coping mechanisms of poor families in terms of income generation, provision of basic needs and family spending. This study considered the heads of poor families in the drawing out area. The recipients of the PantawidPamilyang Pilipino Program 4Ps were basically the subjects of the study. They were drawn through purposive sampling technique. The findings revealed that a majority of the parents of the poor families of Northern Samar were elementary graduates, with a monthly income of one thousand or less which were generally earned from farming as the major sources of income and were found to spend much for their “food-. A majority of the poor families had nuclear structure, with carpentry and “others- as their special skills had single houses type with light materials that need minor repair however, a majority owned their respective dwelling places but these were used to be attacked by typhoons. In terms of income generation, family coping mechanisms of poor families in Northern Samar, the frequently practiced mechanisms was generally, the culture of sharing is observed in the family while the seldom practiced was a member of the family has to stop schooling and work to augment the income of the family. It further illustrated that the profile of the poor families such as educational attainment and monthly income was significant predictors in generating income, in the provision of basic needs and family spending. Veronica A. Aleria "The Relationship of Coping Mechanisms to the Role of 4PS Families in Northern Samar, Philippines" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43780.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/43780/the-relationship-of-coping-mechanisms-to-the-role-of-4ps-families-in-northern-samar-philippines/veronica-a-aleria
This document provides a research inquiry memo describing a grounded theory study. The study aims to understand how lack of urban green spaces in low-income Black and Hispanic neighborhoods in Chicago contributes to health inequities. The researcher will conduct interviews with 30 residents from three neighborhoods to understand their experiences with urban green spaces. The data will be analyzed using grounded theory methods, including open, axial, and selective coding to generate a theory about the relationship between urban green spaces and health inequities. The findings could help address environmental injustices and inform policy changes to improve urban green spaces in marginalized communities.
Women's participation in communal forests: experience from Nicaragua's indige...CIFOR-ICRAF
In this CIFOR-hosted session of the 2014 IUFRO World Congress, experts examined the implications of forest and land tenure reforms in Nicaragua and elsewhere (in Asia, Africa and Latin America) with emphasis on local institutions, governance, livelihoods, and gender dynamics.
The study examined the knowledge level of disadvantaged women beneficiaries on horticultural crop production technologies in Tripura, India. A survey was conducted of 200 randomly selected women beneficiaries belonging to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. The results found that 49% of respondents had high knowledge, 38% had medium knowledge, and 13.5% had low knowledge. The respondents' age, education level, media exposure, landholding size, and social participation were all positively correlated with higher knowledge levels.
Discriminant analysis of discrimination against people with disabilityAlexander Decker
This study used discriminant analysis to identify characteristics of people who discriminate against persons with disabilities in Tamale, Ghana. The analysis revealed that survey respondents who had discriminated were more likely to be:
1) Under 40 years of age
2) Male
3) Educated
4) Working in the formal sector
The analysis accurately classified survey respondents as having discriminated or not at a rate of 94.7%, demonstrating that these variables are useful predictors of discrimination against persons with disabilities.
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Ritual Communication in Preservation of Local Wisdom of Medicinal Plants Util...AJHSSR Journal
: Deforestation in Indonesia tends to increase from time to time. In 1970s it had reached 300.000
hectares that increased to 600.000 hectares (1981); and one million hectares in 1990. Since1996, the
deforestation rate climbed to an average of two million hectares per year.The destruction of the tropical forest is
due to the loss of local communities around the forest that have traditional ecological knowledge such as the
utilization of medicinal plants and spring source. In addition, they also have socio-economic dependence on the
forest in fulfilling their needs including food and health. The utilization of medicinal plants and spring source is
the local wisdom of the people of Waesano Village, Sanonggoang, West Manggarai Regency. Local wisdom is a
form of culture that can be defined as the whole system of ideas, action, and results of human’s work in social
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International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
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Environmental perception of the housewives in the communities of the alta sierra tarahumara, chihuahua, mexico
1. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol 3, No.8, 2012
Environmental Perception of the Housewives in the Communities of
the Alta Sierra Tarahumara, Chihuahua, Mexico
Salvador Balderrama*, Toutcha Lebgue-Keleng, Oscar Viramontes-Olivas, Ricardo Soto-Cruz, Leonor Cortés,
César Quintana-Martínez and Águeda Durán-Valles.
Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Km. 1 F.R. Almada, Chihuahua 31453,
México.
*Email of the corresponding author: sbalderr@uach.mx
Abstract
In order to explore the perceptions of housewives who live in rural communities with large indigenous populations, a
study was conducted in a community of the Sierra Madre of Chihuahua, northern Mexico, an area with a high level
of marginalization. One hundred and twelve structured interviews were conducted based on a questionnaire that
included such aspects as: socio-economic profile, background and basic knowledge about the environment,
environmental issues, impacts of economic activities and priority issues for information and training. It was found
that the ethnic, age, educational level and status of mothers, are important variables that influence how the
environment is perceived. The depletion of vital resources (water and oxygen) is perceived as the most important
impact of the overexploitation of natural resources; the Mestizo women showed a greater knowledge of the
environment as compared the Indigenous ones.
Keywords: environmental perception, housewives, rural communities, Sierra Tarahumara
1. Introduction
The inclusion of the environment in the schemes of economic and social development creates a need to monitor the
quality and environmental perception of the population (Alcalá et al., 2006). The study of what the inhabitants of a
community know, think and feel about their environment is necessary to propose programs and policies that encourage
citizen participation (Starr et al., 2000). The community must be consulted, individually, about their values, thinking
and behavior, compared to their quality of life and solving its environmental problems (Kos et al., 2003).
Women play key roles in the community, as wives and mothers, many of which are the only providers of home and
take an active part in the organization and the community activities. Data presented by the National Institute of Women
INM (2008) reinforce the perception that women are managing the provision of services to the household, in greater
proportion than men. Despite this, women in rural areas, either mestizo or indigenous, have limitations for inter-and
extra-regional communication, so that their views and perceptions of their environment are not commonly heard and
considered in community planning (Lazos & Godinez, 2000).
Ruiz & Castro (2011) highlight the difficult situation of Latin American women and their ability to perceive
environmental degradation in ecological and social terms. There is an urgent need to include women in areas where
communication and decision-making occurs take place (Lazos & Godinez, 2000).
In rural communities of the Sierra Tarahumara, due to its geographical isolation and etnodemographic characteristics,
perceptions of social groups on their environment are unknown. Knowledge of the perceptions of women in these
communities, in context, brings help to the understanding of their values and attitudes and enables effective interaction
among stakeholders in its development.
This study aimed to explore perceptions on the environment of housewives in the municipality of Guadalupe y Calvo,
located south of the Alta Sierra Tarahumara in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico.
2. Materials and methods
The study was conducted in the municipality of Guadalupe y Calvo, located in the Alta Sierra Tarahumara, 400 km
southwest of Chihuahua City, in an area with high deprivation (CONAPO, 2000). The population is divided into three
main towns, which together account for 2,371 inhabitants (INEGI, 2005). The minimum sample size was determined
using the formula:
208
2. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol 3, No.8, 2012
,
where: n = minimum sample size; r = expected potential error of the media; z = confidence interval; CV = coefficient
of variation y N = population size (Scheaffer et al., 1987) . To calculate n, a population of 526 households was
considered, an expected error to the media of 10 %, a confidence interval of 95 % and a coefficient of variation of
60% in the variable years of schooling.
To the population group made up by housewives, a questionnaire composed of demographic data (gender, age,
education, agricultural status), degree of knowledge of its natural resources, economic activities and community
services, causes of environmental degradation and strategies for community participation was applied. One hundred
and twelve structured interviews were conducted to housewives, through home visits by a female interviewer. Data
collection was performed within a five month period in 2010. The SPSS software was used for capturing and analyzing
the data. The analysis consisted of a description in numerical frequency and percentage; the results were compared by
ethnicity, age, education and children in that are in school.
3. Results discussion
3.1 Socioeconomic Profile
Table 1 presents the ethnic and linguistic group of women interviewed. Although most (58%) of respondents said they
were indigenous, only 33% of the sample reported speaking Raramuri, the indigenous language. One hundred percent
of the women who spoke the language said to be indigenous, although 28 (43%) reported that Spanish was their
primary language. This is similar to that published by INEGI (2004), where Mexican rural communities (with less than
2,500 inhabitants), had 41% of their population self presenting as indigenous, tough they did not speak the language.
More than two thirds of the women interviewed (68%) had children in school, from primary to professional.
The age of respondents ranged between 17 and 82, with an average of 38. Indigenous women were three years younger
on average than the mestizo, with 36.8 vs. 39.8 years. The average schooling of all women was of 7.05 years, with
8.9% with no formal instruction. These values were higher than the municipality average in the 2010 Census, where
years of schooling and the percentage of women with no schooling was 5.13 and 25%, respectively (INEGI, 2010).
Among ethnic groups, indigenous women were shown to have lower schooling, lower average years of schooling (6.7
vs. 7.5) and a greater number of women with no education (12.3 vs. 4.3%). This average for the indigenous group was
lower than published by INEGI (2004) for Mexico, 7.7 years for indigenous people 15 years of age or older. Similarly,
there is consistency with the 2000 census data from INEGI, in the proportion of indigenous women with no education
in Mexico, a group that comprised 11.6% of indigenous women. In this study, age and schooling were inversely and
moderately correlated (r2 = - .45), although significantly (P <0.01). It was clear that older women were less educated,
the group of women over 50 (16) had an average of 2.8 years.
A minority of women (12%) reported being landowners, as the rest said to be inhabitants in the communities. The main
occupation of the interviewed (80%) was house shores. Other activities included professional (6.2%), employed
(4.5%) and technical training (3.6%).
3.2 Background / experience
The vast majority of respondents (76%) reported having participated in some community activity focused on
protecting the environment. By far the most common tasks were cleaning campaigns (87%), followed by fire brigades
(7%) and reforestation (4%).
Just over half the women in the study (60%) reported having attended at least one lecture or course on the environment,
while 56 of them (50%) reported having done more than twice. However, to explore the accuracy of their concepts of
ecology, the answers to “Have you heard the word ecology?”, “Have you heard about climate change?” or have
selected the most appropriate definition to the term ecology was not different between groups of women who had not
attended a talk and those who had attended at least one. Of the three questions, the percentage of correct answers was
60% for women with and without participation in talks.
Table 2 shows the responses to a series of questions that explored the degree of familiarity of the total population of
housewives and their ethnic groups, on concepts and issues associated with the environment. In general, respondents
had an acceptable relationship with environmental issues in the community. As shown, the Mestizo women were
immersed in the environmental language than the native ones. In all cases, the Mestizo group showed a greater
understanding of the basics of the environment. Among the factors included in this study that could explain this
difference are on the one hand, less access to education of the indigenous group, which allows the theoretical
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3. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol 3, No.8, 2012
knowledge and on the other, housewives in the local ethnic group were younger, leading to the assumption of a lower
empirical knowledge.
The data indicate that there is social activity in the community around issues related to protecting the environment.
However, the notion of the existence of federal institutions responsible for conservation is relatively low, since less
than half of the women interviewed reported knowing at least one of these units. Federal organizations: Semarnat
(Ministry for the Environment and Natural Resources), Profepa (Law Enforcement Agency) and Conafor (National
Forestry Commission) were the best known, in that order of frequency.
3.3 Perception of climate change
At least two of every three women (70%) reported having heard about climate change. Perceived differences in the
way in which this phenomenon occurs, are shown in Table 3. Apparently, the effects of climate change were associated
with alterations in the patterns of annual or short-term temperature conditions, rather than the moisture.
3.5 Perception of productive activities and their impact
The relative importance of productive activities was explored with the question: “Which of the following economic
activities is the most important?” In all comparisons of responses by ethnicity, age and education, commerce was
identified as the most important. Consistently, the perception of the importance increased with age, from 52% of
women in the younger group (30 or younger), up to 100% in the older group (> 50 years). There was no clear trend
between the groups analyzed, on what would be the second most important productive employment. It is surprising that
the study area, located in a region rich in forest resources, agricultural production operations were perceived with a
secondary role in the economy. The fact that 80% of housewives reported being residents in this study, this limits their
access to land-use, such as profit sharing of forest use, and access to farmland. Even so, most of the landowners
mentioned commerce as the main activity. This context may be associated with a dependence on external revenue
product of employment of its workforce outside the study area.
More than two thirds (69%) perceived that production operations caused some damage to the environment (Table 4).
Of this group, over half (60%), said logging has the strongest negative impact on the environment. By including the
sawmill, as part of this activity, the percentage rises to four units, showing the forest industry as the most damaging to
the environment. Although farming was second in impact, it is surprising that commerce, as economic activity is
perceived with negative effects on the environment, as shown by 13% of the opinions. This perception may be
associated with the generation and dispersion of waste, a fact that is evident in wrappings and disposable containers
found throughout the area.
3.6 Influence of children attending school
This variable was found to have significant influence on the perception of women about their environment and society.
Figure 1 shows the categorization of responses to the question: “What economic activity causes environmental
damage?” For this, there was a disparity of opinion about the environmental impact of each of the productive
occupations. For women with children, the effects of the forest industry and commerce seem to be very clear, while the
group without children in school, although it includes forestry as the most important, points out other activities with
significant adverse impacts, such as livestock and sawmills
The perception of women about the effects of human activities that lead to overexploitation of natural resources is
shown in Figure 2, where one can see that the respondents perceive a vital resource depletion of primary resources for
life (water and oxygen). In much less frequently, the effects are seen globally, as climate change or socio-economic
effects such as loss of jobs or social conflicts.
By asking the question “What do you think is the main environmental problem in your community?” Almost 90% of
responses were associated with forest, which highlights the excessive logging and forest fires. These perceptions can
be seen attached to the reality of Chihuahua state forests. Data from the National Forestry Commission (Conafor, 2011)
placed the state with the worst conditions on the national level respect to these events, with 1,687 fires in 2011 that
affected 87,920 hectares.
3.7 Topics of interest for courses or talks
More than half of women 68 (61%) have received at least one course or talk on environmental education and ecology,
although in this group, four out of five (82%) said they had participated in more than two events.
The differences in environmental perception of interest to the community, including housewives who had received or
not received talks on environmental issues is presented in Table 5. In both cases, the issue of forest fires was the one
who attracted most attention. The respondents with greater exposure to information on environmental issues, thematic
interests showed more diverse with a marked preference for the issue of garbage and considered other possible sources
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of problems in their community, such as pests, drought and excessive logging. Meanwhile, women with less exposure
to environmental information, showed considerably more interest in the issues of forest fires and the use of latrines.
As for preferences by age and ethnicity, Table 6 shows that interest in forest fires increased with age, while the issues
of river pollution, vegetation and drought of the municipality, had the opposite trend. The differences between ethnic
groups are seen in the marked preference for river pollution on indigenous women and vegetation of the municipality
in the mestizo group
3.8 Relative importance for the public services
Health was the most outstanding community service in 90% of cases (Table 7). The importance of services, water and
electricity, was perceived similarly by the two ethnic groups. The more noticeable differentiated perceptions were the
mestizo group preference given to drainage and sewage, while indigenous women assigned greater importance to
telecommunications services and urban cleaning.
3.9 Interaction with the children
Two-thirds of housewives, 75 (67%) had children attending school, the majority of them (79%) at primary and
secondary levels. Four out of five mothers (83%) claimed to have communication with their children about
environmental issues. The topics that children and young people, from different grade levels, comment with parents at
home are shown in Table 8. Litter and forest care, together comprise the two-thirds of the issues that children and
young people socialize at home, particularly primary and secondary levels. As perceived by the mothers interviewed,
the attention of young high school and above, would be oriented in a particular way to the global warming issue.
The theme on the effects of global warming was mentioned only by women who had children studying. This difference
in findings might be attributed to communication between mothers and children in school, particularly in the levels of
secondary school and higher, since this phenomenon was perceived as one of the main topics.
This aspect of the relationship between parents and children, highlights the potential of the latter as agents of informal
education in rural households in the communities of this study. Verbal communication between members of the social
group of the study, was the main source of information on the problems of the community in 95% of the cases. An
alternative route far less important was the television (5%). The use of this medium was higher in mothers with learners
compared with those without (8.2% vs. 2.8%). The presence of children and youth in the homes of the housewives in
this study, could be a factor that encourages parents to have a TV and, consequently, to receive information in this way
on environmental issues. Strategically it is important to consider the training of students on environmental issues
through educational programs in their schools, for it has a multiplier effect in rural communities.
Perceptions of what local authorities should do to care for the environment, also differed between groups with and
without children in school. While the latter tended to concentrate their suggestions into one or two activities such as
waste management / garbage dump (53 vs 37%) and monitoring (8.3 vs 2.7%), the first had a more distributed opinion
among the categories of options . In this case, the differences among the suggestions on talks on environmental
education (20% vs. 8.3%) and the care of the forest / reforestation (18.7% vs. 11.1%) could be associated with the
interaction that women ought to maintain their children in school.
4. Conclusions and recommendations
The ethnic composition of housewives in the study area, age, education level of mothers and their status were
important variables that influence how we perceive the environment. This context gives mountain communities such as
the one in this study, a variety of ways to appreciate the area where they live and the processes that affect their
environment.
Most women have experience on the environment, either through talks or activities primarily related to street cleaning
and care of the forest. The destruction of this resource, excessive logging and fires, were perceived as a major
environmental problem.
Mothers with children in school showed to be better informed about current issues on the environment. More than
education, ethnicity and age, children as a source of information was the variable that had the most influence on the
environmental culture in this part of the female community. This gives a strategic role for regional school systems as a
means of environmental awareness in the community, as verbal communication "for talks" is by far the most important
means of transferring information.
To improve the effectiveness and scope in environmental awareness and involvement of women in these communities,
programs and activities must consider the diversity of socioeconomic circumstances.
References
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Vol 3, No.8, 2012
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Table 1. Ethnic composition and language spoken in number and percentage of women interviewed (n = 112).
Ethnicity Language spoken
Indigenous 65 (58 %) Spanish 75 (67 %)
Mestizo 47 (42 %) Raramuri 37 ( 33 %)
Table 2. Level of familiarity of the women interviewed, total, Indigenous and Mestizo, with formal basic elements on
the environment (n = 112).
Total of Indigeno Mestizo
women us
Question Freq. Freq. Freq.
(%) (%) (%)
Have you ever heard the word ecology?
69 (62 %) 36 (55 %) 33 (70 %)
Have you heard the Word climate change?
78 (70 %) 41 (63 %) 37 (77 %)
Do you know the name of any agency or institution
46 (41 %) 22 (34 %) 24 (51 %)
responsible for the environmental care?
Do you know of any environmental care program
implemented in your community? 91 (81 %) 51 (79 %) 40 (85 %)
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Table 3. Responses grouped by number and percentage, to the question
On your opinion, what is climate change? (n = 78)
Response Num (%)
Sudden and unexpected changes in temperature 46 (59 %)
Changes in the seasons of the year 15 (19 %)
Global warming and natural disasters 6 (8 %)
Melting of the poles 3 (4 %)
Other 8 (10 %)
Total 78 (100 %)
Table 4. Responses of the women interviewed to the question:
What economic activity causes damages to the environment? (n=77)
Economic activity Frequency Percentage
Timber 46 59.7
Cattle production 11 14.3
Commerce 10 13.0
Agriculture 3 3.9
Livestock in general 4 5.2
Logging 3 3.9
Total 77 100.0
Table 5. Answers to the question: What topic would you like to be made known in your municipality? According to the
previous experience of participation of women in courses or talks on environmental education.
Two or more courses or talks None
Topic Num % Num %
Forest fires 17 30.4 19 43.2
Waste 14 25.0 4 9.1
River pollution 12 21.4 8 18.2
Problems of latrines 9 16.1 13 29.5
Plagues 2 3.6 -- --
Excessive logging 1 1.8 -- --
Drought 1 1.8 -- --
Total 56 100.0 44 100
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Table 6. Number of women and percentage of thematic options for female respondents, by age group (n = 112)
Age group (years) Ethnic group
Indigenous Mestizo
Theme Up to 30 31 to 50 51 or more (n=65) (n=47)
Fires 51% 69 % 75 % 60 % 70 %
Waste 59 % 64 % 56 % 62 % 62 %
Excessive logging 43 % 63 % 44 % 51 % 57 %
River pollution 54 % 36 % 31 % 55 % 21 %
Vegetation of municipality 30 % 24 % 19 % 19 % 34 %
None fertile soils 24 % 24 % 25 % 26 % 23 %
Drought 32 % 15 % 31 % 23 % 23 %
Plagues 5% 2% 19 % 5 % 6%
Table 7. The most important public services in the community by ethnic group of the women interviewed.
Indigenous (%) Mestizo (%)
Service (n=65) (n=47)
91 89
Health
Drinking water 77 81
Drainage and sewage 39 66
Electricity 34 34
Telecommunications 32 17
Urban sanitation 28 13
Table 8. Frequency and percentage of children perceptions of the main environmental problems, according to the
school level being attended.
School being attended Freq.
Topic Primary Secondary High School College Sub total
Waste problem 5 12 1 28 7
Forest care 2 6 3 21 8
Global warming 2 2 4 2 10 3
Pollution problems 4 4 8 1
Water care 2 1 3
Hygiene at home 2 2
Deterioration of the ozone layer 1 1
Others 1 12
Total 38 21 12 4 75 00
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Figure 1. Perceptions of women with and without children in school, of the economic activities with the greatest
impact on the environment
Figure 2. Perception of the total sample of women interviewed about the possible effects of over exploitation of
natural resources
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