The document discusses different types of environmental politics in the United States, including entrepreneurial politics, interest group politics, majoritarian politics, and client politics related to farmers and pesticides. It also covers definitions of key terms like environmental impact statements and control-and-command regulation. Major events that shaped environmental policy are outlined, such as the creation of the EPA in 1970 in response to an oil spill, and challenges of regulating issues like acid rain, automobiles, and agricultural pesticides. Scientific uncertainty is noted as an ongoing factor complicating environmental policymaking.

1. Environment By: Hannah Duncan Zach Johnson Nathan Mitchener Jing Sun Coral Williams

2. Definitions Entrepreneurial politics: benefits everyone and limits few Client Politics Farmers and pesticides Interest group politics Acid Rain Majoritarian politics: benefits many but limits money Cars

3. Definitions Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Statement of possible impact of something on environment used to stop/change projects Control-and-Command Improve air and water quality by setting detailed rules enforced by courts

4. Environmental Policy US much different from Europe More adversarial and more interactive(more arguments in US and states have a voice) Government and business leaders wrote policies for England

5. Entrepreneurial Politics 1969: Oil spill on Santa Barbara, California Creation of EPA Tougher Clean Air Act Water Quality improvement Act Endangered Species Act

6. Global Warming Need for more research Back-and-forth between skeptics and activists Scientific uncertainty

7. Majoritarian Politics Public supports tough laws when someone else pays NEPA Often needs material incentives Bridges, streets, etc

8. Automobiles Public demanded improvements States became the enforcers Industry and consumers objected to new standards

9. Interest Groups: Acid Rain Acidic caused by sulfur and nitrogen emissions Scientific uncertainties fuels argument Steel Mills/Electric Power Plants claim damage to environment not completely their fault Environmentalists claim damage primarily from steel mills/electric power

10. Attempts to Regulate 1977: Passed bill that requires “scrubbers” to be placed in all new factories 1990: Clean Air Act--businesses can buy emission credits 2004+: More proposed but not passed

11. Agricultural Pesticides Farmers v. Regulation Farmers well-organized and well-represented in government EPA: research pesticides--few pesticides taken off market Generally only taken off when well publicized Farmers got subsidies

12. Uncertainties Unclear goals (command-and-control strategies) and problems Unrealistic expectations of costs and results Focus easily changed Rules replaced by incentives Complaints