This document is a student's take-home exam on entrepreneurial leadership. It summarizes 4 articles on the topic and analyzes them to construct an entrepreneurial leadership model. The summaries find commonalities between the articles, such as the importance of creativity, education level, and calculated risk-taking. The student's model identifies 3 domains that contribute to entrepreneurial leadership: psychological profile, external factors gained from education/culture, and complementary skills that allow the leader to perform entrepreneurially.
Factors Affecting Work Motivation of Official Credit Staff in Ham Thuan Bac D...ijtsrd
This study inherits and develops the Kovach model 1987 , also references researches related to employee motivation to find out factors affecting the work motivation of staff working at official credit institutions in Ham Thuan Bac district, Binh Thuan province. Research data are collected from 176 employees working at official credit institutions by convenient sampling. Applying exploratory factor analysis and multivariate linear regression, the study has demonstrated impacting factors to employee motivation. They include learning and promotion opportunities, income and benefit, care and recognition, working environment, leadership style, nature of work, workplace relationship, empowerment, and job stability. Especially, the factor of learning and promotion opportunities has the most influence on the working motivation of official credit employees in Ham Thuan Bac district, Binh Thuan province. Nguyen Truong Thuan | Nguyen Quoc Nghi | Dinh Hoang Anh Tuan "Factors Affecting Work Motivation of Official Credit Staff in Ham Thuan Bac District, Binh Thuan Province" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47529.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/organizational-behaviour/47529/factors-affecting-work-motivation-of-official-credit-staff-in-ham-thuan-bac-district-binh-thuan-province/nguyen-truong-thuan
Democratic Leadership Styles and Industrial Relations Atmosphere of Some Sele...ijtsrd
This paper examined how democratic leadership style impacts on industrial relations atmosphere of some selected oil servicing firms in Port Harcourt. In line with the purpose of this paper as stated, the population of this study comprises of 761employees of some selected oil servicing firms in Port Harcourt. Taro Yamene sample size determination formula was used to determine the sample size. The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between democratic leadership styles and its impacts on industrial relations atmosphere. Questionnaire were the major instruments used in gathering primary data which were analyzed using regression analyses. The study found that democratic leadership style can achieve improvement along the terms of industrial relation atmosphere with more emphases on industrial harmony, if leaders are able to improve on the level of industrial relations peace or unity within the oil servicing firms in port Harcourt, we recommends that in order for firms to maintain their attractiveness in the industry, they must have be conscious the different leadership style available and be sure in applying it in different situation as things transpires within the industry. Ake, Okechukwu "Democratic Leadership Styles and Industrial Relations Atmosphere of Some Selected Oil Servicing Firms in Port Harcourt" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47616.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/47616/democratic-leadership-styles-and-industrial-relations-atmosphere-of-some-selected-oil-servicing-firms-in-port-harcourt/ake-okechukwu
HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT POLICIES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ICICI BANK AND P...paperpublications3
Abstract:HRD in banking sector is a continuous process to ensure the development of employee competencies, dynamism, motivation and effectiveness in systematic and planned manner. HRD is helpful in development of employee’s physical capacities, relationships attitudes, values, knowledge and skills. The study is aimed at assessing the extent of HRD Policies in ICICI Bank and Punjab National Bank and also comparative Analysis. For the purpose of the study, primary data is collected from 200 officer cadre employees of ICICI Bank and Punjab National Bank through a structured questionnaire. The study revealed that the Performance appraisal, Training and Development and Organizational development are better in ICICI Bank compared to Punjab National Bank.
Keywords:Human Resource Development Policies.
Managerial Career Success In Highly Political Organizationinventionjournals
The study of factors that influence career success in the organization has a long history in management. Considering organization as political arena, little research considers to study the associate between career success and high level of organizational politics. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to review the literature and develop a model of career success. This model could be applied as a framework for managers to develop their career attainment in the highly political environment. This article will propose a political arena model of career success, using personality, skill and behaviour attributes, as predictors. Theory underpinning of this framework is based on the political theory of leadership and SCCT Theory. Previous research shows that many factors have been identified as predictors of career success, but there is inconclusive evidence in the relation to organizational politics to these factors. This paper examines the influence of personal characteristics factors and organizational politics on manager’s intrinsic and extrinsic career success in the context of business organizations. Specifically, in line with literature-based analysis, a model that consists of three sets of predictor’s variables: political personality traits, political skill, political behaviour, perception of politics influence career success of business managers was developed. The model illustrating the linkage between personality trait, behaviour, skill as predictor and political level as moderator needs to be tested empirically. The results thus will serve to improve organizational career planning management and can help individuals to manage their career in the business organization
Impact of octapace model on banking employees a comparative study of private...Tapasya123
Organisational culture is an aspect that impacts every organisation’s functioning, different
organisation needs different kind of culture to be set up. It is defined in terms of
shared meaning, patterns of beliefs, rituals, symbols, and myths that evolve over time,
service to reduce human variability and control and shape employee behaviour in
organisation. The present research aims to compare private sector and public sector
banks in terms of values of employees. The study attempts to know the impact of
OCTAPACE model on banking employees of private and public sector banks in Rajasthan.
The sample includes equal number of employees from public and private sector banks.
The analysis shows that the employees perceive almost the same pattern in which the
various values exist in the organisations. The main implication of this research on
organisational culture suggest that there is a scope for further improvement in the
sample study organisations which would improve their work life by overcoming the
monotony.
Impact of OCTAPACE Model on Banking Employees: A Comparative Study of Private...professionalpanorama
Organisational culture is an aspect that impacts every organisation’s functioning, different
organisation needs different kind of culture to be set up. It is defined in terms of
shared meaning, patterns of beliefs, rituals, symbols, and myths that evolve over time,
service to reduce human variability and control and shape employee behaviour in
organisation. The present research aims to compare private sector and public sector
banks in terms of values of employees. The study attempts to know the impact of
OCTAPACE model on banking employees of private and public sector banks in Rajasthan.
The sample includes equal number of employees from public and private sector banks.
The analysis shows that the employees perceive almost the same pattern in which the
various values exist in the organisations. The main implication of this research on
organisational culture suggest that there is a scope for further improvement in the
sample study organisations which would improve their work life by overcoming the monotony.
The role of intellectual capital in promoting knowledge management initiativesMansour Esmaeil Zaei
This paper investigates the role of intellectual capital in promotion of successful knowledge management (KM) initiatives. The conclusions are based on the results of field studies conducted in the subsidiary companies of Ministry of Energy of Islamic Republic of Iran (Sistan & Baluchestan
Province). Before designing the conceptual framework, relevant literature pertaining to the history of the work at hand, was reviewed by the researcher. Based on the opinions of external experts, university professors and organization’s experienced executives, a research model was developed. Tools such as textual analysis and interviews were employed to explore relationships between intellectual capital and knowledge management. A survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire which measured research variables
like intellectual capital indexes and KM processes. The output of structural equations models (SEM) and LISREL statistical software showed that intellectual capital and its components have direct effects in promoting KM processes in the subsidiary companies of Ministry of Energy of Islamic Republic of Iran (Sistan & Baluchestan Province). By improving intellectual
capital and its indexes, knowledge management can be improved.
Factors Affecting Work Motivation of Official Credit Staff in Ham Thuan Bac D...ijtsrd
This study inherits and develops the Kovach model 1987 , also references researches related to employee motivation to find out factors affecting the work motivation of staff working at official credit institutions in Ham Thuan Bac district, Binh Thuan province. Research data are collected from 176 employees working at official credit institutions by convenient sampling. Applying exploratory factor analysis and multivariate linear regression, the study has demonstrated impacting factors to employee motivation. They include learning and promotion opportunities, income and benefit, care and recognition, working environment, leadership style, nature of work, workplace relationship, empowerment, and job stability. Especially, the factor of learning and promotion opportunities has the most influence on the working motivation of official credit employees in Ham Thuan Bac district, Binh Thuan province. Nguyen Truong Thuan | Nguyen Quoc Nghi | Dinh Hoang Anh Tuan "Factors Affecting Work Motivation of Official Credit Staff in Ham Thuan Bac District, Binh Thuan Province" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47529.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/organizational-behaviour/47529/factors-affecting-work-motivation-of-official-credit-staff-in-ham-thuan-bac-district-binh-thuan-province/nguyen-truong-thuan
Democratic Leadership Styles and Industrial Relations Atmosphere of Some Sele...ijtsrd
This paper examined how democratic leadership style impacts on industrial relations atmosphere of some selected oil servicing firms in Port Harcourt. In line with the purpose of this paper as stated, the population of this study comprises of 761employees of some selected oil servicing firms in Port Harcourt. Taro Yamene sample size determination formula was used to determine the sample size. The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between democratic leadership styles and its impacts on industrial relations atmosphere. Questionnaire were the major instruments used in gathering primary data which were analyzed using regression analyses. The study found that democratic leadership style can achieve improvement along the terms of industrial relation atmosphere with more emphases on industrial harmony, if leaders are able to improve on the level of industrial relations peace or unity within the oil servicing firms in port Harcourt, we recommends that in order for firms to maintain their attractiveness in the industry, they must have be conscious the different leadership style available and be sure in applying it in different situation as things transpires within the industry. Ake, Okechukwu "Democratic Leadership Styles and Industrial Relations Atmosphere of Some Selected Oil Servicing Firms in Port Harcourt" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47616.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/47616/democratic-leadership-styles-and-industrial-relations-atmosphere-of-some-selected-oil-servicing-firms-in-port-harcourt/ake-okechukwu
HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT POLICIES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ICICI BANK AND P...paperpublications3
Abstract:HRD in banking sector is a continuous process to ensure the development of employee competencies, dynamism, motivation and effectiveness in systematic and planned manner. HRD is helpful in development of employee’s physical capacities, relationships attitudes, values, knowledge and skills. The study is aimed at assessing the extent of HRD Policies in ICICI Bank and Punjab National Bank and also comparative Analysis. For the purpose of the study, primary data is collected from 200 officer cadre employees of ICICI Bank and Punjab National Bank through a structured questionnaire. The study revealed that the Performance appraisal, Training and Development and Organizational development are better in ICICI Bank compared to Punjab National Bank.
Keywords:Human Resource Development Policies.
Managerial Career Success In Highly Political Organizationinventionjournals
The study of factors that influence career success in the organization has a long history in management. Considering organization as political arena, little research considers to study the associate between career success and high level of organizational politics. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to review the literature and develop a model of career success. This model could be applied as a framework for managers to develop their career attainment in the highly political environment. This article will propose a political arena model of career success, using personality, skill and behaviour attributes, as predictors. Theory underpinning of this framework is based on the political theory of leadership and SCCT Theory. Previous research shows that many factors have been identified as predictors of career success, but there is inconclusive evidence in the relation to organizational politics to these factors. This paper examines the influence of personal characteristics factors and organizational politics on manager’s intrinsic and extrinsic career success in the context of business organizations. Specifically, in line with literature-based analysis, a model that consists of three sets of predictor’s variables: political personality traits, political skill, political behaviour, perception of politics influence career success of business managers was developed. The model illustrating the linkage between personality trait, behaviour, skill as predictor and political level as moderator needs to be tested empirically. The results thus will serve to improve organizational career planning management and can help individuals to manage their career in the business organization
Impact of octapace model on banking employees a comparative study of private...Tapasya123
Organisational culture is an aspect that impacts every organisation’s functioning, different
organisation needs different kind of culture to be set up. It is defined in terms of
shared meaning, patterns of beliefs, rituals, symbols, and myths that evolve over time,
service to reduce human variability and control and shape employee behaviour in
organisation. The present research aims to compare private sector and public sector
banks in terms of values of employees. The study attempts to know the impact of
OCTAPACE model on banking employees of private and public sector banks in Rajasthan.
The sample includes equal number of employees from public and private sector banks.
The analysis shows that the employees perceive almost the same pattern in which the
various values exist in the organisations. The main implication of this research on
organisational culture suggest that there is a scope for further improvement in the
sample study organisations which would improve their work life by overcoming the
monotony.
Impact of OCTAPACE Model on Banking Employees: A Comparative Study of Private...professionalpanorama
Organisational culture is an aspect that impacts every organisation’s functioning, different
organisation needs different kind of culture to be set up. It is defined in terms of
shared meaning, patterns of beliefs, rituals, symbols, and myths that evolve over time,
service to reduce human variability and control and shape employee behaviour in
organisation. The present research aims to compare private sector and public sector
banks in terms of values of employees. The study attempts to know the impact of
OCTAPACE model on banking employees of private and public sector banks in Rajasthan.
The sample includes equal number of employees from public and private sector banks.
The analysis shows that the employees perceive almost the same pattern in which the
various values exist in the organisations. The main implication of this research on
organisational culture suggest that there is a scope for further improvement in the
sample study organisations which would improve their work life by overcoming the monotony.
The role of intellectual capital in promoting knowledge management initiativesMansour Esmaeil Zaei
This paper investigates the role of intellectual capital in promotion of successful knowledge management (KM) initiatives. The conclusions are based on the results of field studies conducted in the subsidiary companies of Ministry of Energy of Islamic Republic of Iran (Sistan & Baluchestan
Province). Before designing the conceptual framework, relevant literature pertaining to the history of the work at hand, was reviewed by the researcher. Based on the opinions of external experts, university professors and organization’s experienced executives, a research model was developed. Tools such as textual analysis and interviews were employed to explore relationships between intellectual capital and knowledge management. A survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire which measured research variables
like intellectual capital indexes and KM processes. The output of structural equations models (SEM) and LISREL statistical software showed that intellectual capital and its components have direct effects in promoting KM processes in the subsidiary companies of Ministry of Energy of Islamic Republic of Iran (Sistan & Baluchestan Province). By improving intellectual
capital and its indexes, knowledge management can be improved.
Promoting employee loyalty through organisational learning A study of selecte...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications
Analysis of the Human Resources Efficiency by the Use of Data Envelopment Ana...inventionjournals
One of the important issues in Islamic management is attracting the employees' attention to their strengths and weaknesses.Strong employee recognition and rewarding them, and thereby creating an incentive to improve their efficiency are among the leading causes of efficiency evaluation. The main objective of the current study is to investigate the factors and characteristics affecting the effectiveness of employee efficiency evaluation system. For this purpose, firstly the factors and indices effective on leadership and management of the organization managers will be investigated and then, a desired pattern for efficiency determination will be provided. The statistical population of the study primarily included the senior managers of the public sector.the measurement instrument of the study was a 95-question questionnaire which was formed by the researcher by the use of management and administration theories based on the previous studies, analyzed by the confirmatory factor analysis. The questionnaire validity was measured by Cronbach's alpha and the total test validity was calculated as 0.823. The factor analysis results indicated that 7 factors affect the organization managers' leadership and administration.For this purpose, by the use of available information and questionnaires, the input data were collected for 8 selected units for Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) that regarding the input nature of the CCR model vector, the model was solved with three different approaches (definitive approaches, the definitive approaches with the fuzzy combination of the homogenous parameters, and the fuzzy approach with limited weights). By comparing the efficiency of different units and comparing their rankings in these three approaches, the efficient unit 5 and 6did well in terms of efficiency
Effect of Leadership styles on Organisational commitment.Deepak Chandhok
Research Project on finding effects of Leadership Styles on Organisational Commitment in government sector under the guidance of Dr.Purva Kansal(Associate professor), University Business School.
American Research Journal of Humanities & Social Science (ARJHSS) is a double blind peer reviewed, open access journal published by (ARJHSS).
The main objective of ARJHSS is to provide an intellectual platform for the international scholars. ARJHSS aims to promote interdisciplinary studies in Humanities & Social Science and become the leading journal in Humanities & Social Science in the world.
Akkermans et al. (2013) Competencies for the Contemporary CareerJos Akkermans
A new and promising area of research has recently emerged in the field of career
development: career competencies. The present article provides a framework of
career competencies that integrates several perspectives from the literature. The
framework distinguishes between reflective, communicative, and behavioral career
competencies. Six career competencies are discerned: reflection on motivation,
reflection on qualities, networking, self-profiling, work exploration, and career control.
Based on this framework, we developed the Career Competencies Questionnaire
(CCQ) and preliminarily validated it in two samples of young employees
between 16 and 30 years of age. The results provided initial support for the
content, factorial, discriminant, and incremental validity of the CCQ. We hope to
stimulate further discussion, research, and development of interventions in the area
of career development. Implications for theory and practice are also discussed.
: Stress is an individual’s response to a disturbing factor in the environment, and the consequence of
such reaction. Stress obviously involves interaction of the person and environment. Teaching profession was
once viewed as the low stressed occupation in the world. Teachers were enjoying their profession due to the
freedom they had to implement their plans in their profession. They had enough time to prepare themselves to
handle the lessons
CREATIVE SERVANT LEADERSHIP: A NEW WAY OF BEING AND LEADING OTHERSIAEME Publication
The world is crying out for moral, ethical, creative and effective leadership that serves others, invests in their development and fulfills a shared vision. Amongst the many leadership styles the one that best represents the ideals embodied in the human factor (HF) is servant-leadership. Leadership is the process of influencing the activities of an individual and group towards the achievement of a goal. In any given situation creativity and servant leadership have various characteristics in common. Both have attracted attention across world a wide range of professional, educational, and socio-political fields. Creative servant leadership thinking skills and behaviours support a person as a leader.
TitleABC123 Version X1Humanistic and Existential Pers.docxherthalearmont
Title
ABC/123 Version X
1
Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories Worksheet
PSY/405 Version 5
2
University of Phoenix MaterialHumanistic and Existential Personality Theories WorksheetFill-in the Blank
1. Abraham Maslow proposed the _________________ theory of personality.
2. According to Maslow, self-fulfillment and realization of one’s full potential are examples of ________________ needs.
3. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs proposes that ____________ needs must be satisfied before ____________ needs will become motivators for behavior.
4. The belief that matter evolves from simpler to more complex forms is ____________________.
5. The ___________, according to Rogers, is one’s view of self as one wishes to be.
6. Carl Rogers believed that conditions of worth, incongruence, defensiveness, and disorganization are all considered ___________________________.
7. Rogers believed that __________________________, _______________________, and _________________ are necessary elements of psychotherapy.
8. _______________ is the structure that gives meaning to experience and allows people to make decisions about the future.
9. May proposed that ___________________ is the freedom of action, whereas __________________ is the freedom of being.
10. The basic concepts of existential theory are _______________ and ___________________.MatchingMatch the following theoretical components with their correct theorist or theorists.
Theoretical component
Theorist
1. Unconditional positive regard
A. Abraham Maslow
2. Eros
B. Carl Rogers
3. Love and belongingness needs
C. Rollo May
4. The self-concept
5. Guilt
6. Levels of awareness
7. Self-actualization
8. Neurotic anxiety
Short-Answer
1. According to Maslow, what are the characteristics of self-actualizing people? Why are these characteristics important?
The characteristics of self-actualizing people according to Maslow these people have realistic perceptions of themselves, others and the world around them. Accepting themselves and other for who they are. They are concern with solving problems outside of thenselves, including helping others and finding solutions to problems in the external world. These people are often motivated by a sense of personal responsibility and ethics. They are very spontaneous in their internal thoughts and outwards behavior. According to Maslow these charateristics are very important to have fulfillment of personal needs in terms of life’s meanings.
2. What are the strengths of the humanistic theories in regard to their explanation of personality?
One of the greatest strengths of humanistic theory is that it stresses personal choice and responsibility. It also justifies people idea of what being human means because it values personal ideals and fulfillment. Also it provides researchers with a flexible outline for observing the behavior of humans considering a person in the contex of environment also with personal perceptions and feelings.
3. What are the limitations of t ...
Entrepreneurial Competencies as a Tool for Improve the Enterprise Growth and ...ijtsrd
Entrepreneurial competencies are important to entrepreneurship growth and enterprise development of the success. The purpose of this paper has to undertake a conceptual review of research on entrepreneurial competencies in order to functional and operational areas provide an included description of contributions relating to entrepreneurial competencies. The article research work towards review of the evaluation of the concept of competencies through particular reference to its use in the context of competencies for entrepreneur needs. Conceptual research draws together views on competence of an entrepreneur before exploring and summarizing research on the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and business performance and growth. This report presents the state of the art on the topic of entrepreneurship competence identifying and comparing different theoretical and practical approaches from the academic and entrepreneurial world. Finally, the different perspectives adopted by researchers to the measurement of performance through entrepreneurial competencies are reviewed. Rajendra Prasad G R | Dr. Manjunath, K. R "Entrepreneurial Competencies as a Tool for Improve the Enterprise Growth and Entrepreneurial Activities: A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38250.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/38250/entrepreneurial-competencies-as-a-tool-for-improve-the-enterprise-growth-and-entrepreneurial-activities-a-study/rajendra-prasad-g-r
THE STUDY OF AMOUNT OF PREDICTING HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT, THROUGH KNOWLE...IJESM JOURNAL
Present research has analyzed the amount of predicting human resources development, through knowledge management value chain (creation, storage, distribution, application). All of the employees of a big Iranian Steel Industry Company took part in the survey. 232 people were chosen by using systematic sampling method and the sample size formula. To collect data, two researcher-made questionnaires of knowledge management and human resources development have been used. Also content validity and face validity of questionnaires in this research were confirmed by experts. The validity of both questionnaires was estimated by using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α) which equals to 0.87 in knowledge management and 0.83 in human resources development. Analysis of the data is done by using inferential statistics (including Pearson r, analysis of variance test and multiple regressions). The result has shown that among the variables of knowledge management, three variables (creation, storage and application) can predict human resources development.
Promoting employee loyalty through organisational learning A study of selecte...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications
Analysis of the Human Resources Efficiency by the Use of Data Envelopment Ana...inventionjournals
One of the important issues in Islamic management is attracting the employees' attention to their strengths and weaknesses.Strong employee recognition and rewarding them, and thereby creating an incentive to improve their efficiency are among the leading causes of efficiency evaluation. The main objective of the current study is to investigate the factors and characteristics affecting the effectiveness of employee efficiency evaluation system. For this purpose, firstly the factors and indices effective on leadership and management of the organization managers will be investigated and then, a desired pattern for efficiency determination will be provided. The statistical population of the study primarily included the senior managers of the public sector.the measurement instrument of the study was a 95-question questionnaire which was formed by the researcher by the use of management and administration theories based on the previous studies, analyzed by the confirmatory factor analysis. The questionnaire validity was measured by Cronbach's alpha and the total test validity was calculated as 0.823. The factor analysis results indicated that 7 factors affect the organization managers' leadership and administration.For this purpose, by the use of available information and questionnaires, the input data were collected for 8 selected units for Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) that regarding the input nature of the CCR model vector, the model was solved with three different approaches (definitive approaches, the definitive approaches with the fuzzy combination of the homogenous parameters, and the fuzzy approach with limited weights). By comparing the efficiency of different units and comparing their rankings in these three approaches, the efficient unit 5 and 6did well in terms of efficiency
Effect of Leadership styles on Organisational commitment.Deepak Chandhok
Research Project on finding effects of Leadership Styles on Organisational Commitment in government sector under the guidance of Dr.Purva Kansal(Associate professor), University Business School.
American Research Journal of Humanities & Social Science (ARJHSS) is a double blind peer reviewed, open access journal published by (ARJHSS).
The main objective of ARJHSS is to provide an intellectual platform for the international scholars. ARJHSS aims to promote interdisciplinary studies in Humanities & Social Science and become the leading journal in Humanities & Social Science in the world.
Akkermans et al. (2013) Competencies for the Contemporary CareerJos Akkermans
A new and promising area of research has recently emerged in the field of career
development: career competencies. The present article provides a framework of
career competencies that integrates several perspectives from the literature. The
framework distinguishes between reflective, communicative, and behavioral career
competencies. Six career competencies are discerned: reflection on motivation,
reflection on qualities, networking, self-profiling, work exploration, and career control.
Based on this framework, we developed the Career Competencies Questionnaire
(CCQ) and preliminarily validated it in two samples of young employees
between 16 and 30 years of age. The results provided initial support for the
content, factorial, discriminant, and incremental validity of the CCQ. We hope to
stimulate further discussion, research, and development of interventions in the area
of career development. Implications for theory and practice are also discussed.
: Stress is an individual’s response to a disturbing factor in the environment, and the consequence of
such reaction. Stress obviously involves interaction of the person and environment. Teaching profession was
once viewed as the low stressed occupation in the world. Teachers were enjoying their profession due to the
freedom they had to implement their plans in their profession. They had enough time to prepare themselves to
handle the lessons
CREATIVE SERVANT LEADERSHIP: A NEW WAY OF BEING AND LEADING OTHERSIAEME Publication
The world is crying out for moral, ethical, creative and effective leadership that serves others, invests in their development and fulfills a shared vision. Amongst the many leadership styles the one that best represents the ideals embodied in the human factor (HF) is servant-leadership. Leadership is the process of influencing the activities of an individual and group towards the achievement of a goal. In any given situation creativity and servant leadership have various characteristics in common. Both have attracted attention across world a wide range of professional, educational, and socio-political fields. Creative servant leadership thinking skills and behaviours support a person as a leader.
TitleABC123 Version X1Humanistic and Existential Pers.docxherthalearmont
Title
ABC/123 Version X
1
Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories Worksheet
PSY/405 Version 5
2
University of Phoenix MaterialHumanistic and Existential Personality Theories WorksheetFill-in the Blank
1. Abraham Maslow proposed the _________________ theory of personality.
2. According to Maslow, self-fulfillment and realization of one’s full potential are examples of ________________ needs.
3. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs proposes that ____________ needs must be satisfied before ____________ needs will become motivators for behavior.
4. The belief that matter evolves from simpler to more complex forms is ____________________.
5. The ___________, according to Rogers, is one’s view of self as one wishes to be.
6. Carl Rogers believed that conditions of worth, incongruence, defensiveness, and disorganization are all considered ___________________________.
7. Rogers believed that __________________________, _______________________, and _________________ are necessary elements of psychotherapy.
8. _______________ is the structure that gives meaning to experience and allows people to make decisions about the future.
9. May proposed that ___________________ is the freedom of action, whereas __________________ is the freedom of being.
10. The basic concepts of existential theory are _______________ and ___________________.MatchingMatch the following theoretical components with their correct theorist or theorists.
Theoretical component
Theorist
1. Unconditional positive regard
A. Abraham Maslow
2. Eros
B. Carl Rogers
3. Love and belongingness needs
C. Rollo May
4. The self-concept
5. Guilt
6. Levels of awareness
7. Self-actualization
8. Neurotic anxiety
Short-Answer
1. According to Maslow, what are the characteristics of self-actualizing people? Why are these characteristics important?
The characteristics of self-actualizing people according to Maslow these people have realistic perceptions of themselves, others and the world around them. Accepting themselves and other for who they are. They are concern with solving problems outside of thenselves, including helping others and finding solutions to problems in the external world. These people are often motivated by a sense of personal responsibility and ethics. They are very spontaneous in their internal thoughts and outwards behavior. According to Maslow these charateristics are very important to have fulfillment of personal needs in terms of life’s meanings.
2. What are the strengths of the humanistic theories in regard to their explanation of personality?
One of the greatest strengths of humanistic theory is that it stresses personal choice and responsibility. It also justifies people idea of what being human means because it values personal ideals and fulfillment. Also it provides researchers with a flexible outline for observing the behavior of humans considering a person in the contex of environment also with personal perceptions and feelings.
3. What are the limitations of t ...
Entrepreneurial Competencies as a Tool for Improve the Enterprise Growth and ...ijtsrd
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IN THIS ASSIGNEMT THE AIM IS TO TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING IN THE APPLICATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL THEORIES THAT ARE RELATED TO HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT .THESE THEORIES CUTS ACROSS FROM NEOCLASSICAL CLASSICAL AND MODERN THEORIES SUCH AS CONTIGENCY THEORIEY. THERE HAS BEEN A RESEACH GOING ON TO WHETHER HUMAN RESOURCE HAS A KEY ROLE IN ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESS AS YOU READ THROUGH YOU WILL BE ABLE TO DISCOVER THE ASUMPTIONS AND FINDINGSHuman capital theory was initially well developed by Becker (1964) and it has
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explanations for the rapid development of Asian countries in the 1970s and 80s is
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‘costs the organisation should try to minimise’ into training and development as
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Entrepreneruial leadership
1. Student: Bakr Buji
1
TAKE-HOME
EXAMINATION
BED-3030
Entrepreneurial Leadership
Bakr Buji
SUBMITTED:
16th August 2012
2. Student: Bakr Buji
2
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to build a model of entrepreneurial leadership which combines the concept of entrepreneurial leadership and my opinion as well, and applying it on a real case. In this paper I make a summary of 4 articles which are relevant to entrepreneurial leadership, and analyze the articles through by comparing the materials mentioned in each of the articles. The constructed model is based on the presented information by the articles and my own understanding. The model illustrates the leader’s traits and skills required to make him entrepreneurial.
Background
Entrepreneurship is a new topic, but it has a positive relation with the economic growth1, so it became one of the important topics recently, and needs more research and study to develop this science further. Leadership is strongly relevant to entrepreneurship, since is based on the leader who can lead the entrepreneurial activities correctly and actively. However entrepreneurship is a broad area and has many definitions in different dimensions, but here I need to go through different definitions of entrepreneurial leadership. One of definitions defines it as the dynamic process of presenting vision, making commitments among followers and risk acceptance when facing opportunities that cause efficient use of available resources, along with
1 http://people.few.eur.nl/thurik/Research/Books/Thurikf.pdf
3. Student: Bakr Buji
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discovering and utilizing new resources with respect to leader’s vision. In fact, entrepreneurial leadership includes all necessary abilities for constant value creation of managers with respect to company’s goals. Entrepreneurial leaders consider entrepreneurship as a basis to gain a competitive advantage and to outshine rivals (Lee & Venkataraman, 2006, pp.114). In other definitions of entrepreneurial; Leadership is organizing a group of people to achieve a common goal using proactive entrepreneurial behavior by optimizing the risk, innovating to take advantage of opportunities, taking personal responsibility and managing change within a dynamic environment for the benefit of the organization (Roebuck 2004).
The used articles
No.
Title
Author(s)
Year
Journal/
Publisher
Reference Name 1 A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development Alexander Ardichvilia, Richard Cardozob, Sourav Rayc. 2003 Universities of Illinois,Minnesota,Concrodia (Ardichvilia,2003)
2
Personality and Entrepreneurial
Leadership: A Study of the Heads of the UK’s Most Successful Independent Companies
Nigel Nicholson
1998
European Management Journal/ Elsevier
(Nicholson, 1998) 3 Designing a Scale for Measuring Entrepreneurial Leadership in SMEs Seyed Amir Mousavi Hejazi, Mohamad Mehdi Maleki and Mohammad Javad Naeiji 2012 Islamic Azad University – Tehran North Branch (Hejazi,2012)
4
Personality Traits among Entrepreneurial and
H. Mushtaq Ahmad
2010
Department of Management Sciences, Bahria
(H. Mushtaq Ahmad, 2010)
4. Student: Bakr Buji
4
Methodology approach
Different methodological approaches have been used in the used articles. Each approach serves a different purpose. One kind of research methodology doesn’t fit all purposes. Purposes of research is classified to four categories, exploratory, descriptive, explanatory, emancipatory (Robson ,2002).
In the summarized articles, they have been used in many different methodological researches approach, which enhance their results. Research approaches are classified in
two main categories:
Quantitative research
In this strategy, unstructured flexible design is used. For example in the first article (Ardichvilia,2003) they have used Dubin’s theory building method to judge the research method. Dubin is building theory is considered as the most comprehensive method. Dubin’s theory is still built on translation of a theoretical model to testable hypothesis, and through the identification of hypothesis 2 .In article (Ardichvilia,2003) entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development have been used to create the hypothesis . In the article (Ardichvilia, 2003), the units of theory have been used are; entrepreneurial alertness, information asymmetry and prior knowledge, social networks, and personality traits.
2 http://www.idheap.ch/idheap.nsf/9a665b63d3a8260cc1256a0800365df0/1b86cf7620a1a808c1257538004a544d/$FILE/Chermack%202005.pdf
Professional CEOs in SMEs
University Islamabad
5. Student: Bakr Buji
5
In the second article (Nicholson, 1998) , they have used the NEO PI-R to measure the personality through the five major domains of personality and the six facets that define each domain. ( again try not to use the same words so close in a sentence) The five domain scales and thirty facet scales of the NEO PI-R facilitate a comprehensive and detailed assessment of normal adult personality. The NEO PI-R is recognized internationally as a gold standard for personality assessment3. The purpose here is to create a comparison between; leaders, Leaders, Managers and NEO Norms. In (Nicholson, 1998), they used a managerial control sample within a population numbered around 200, and it was quite various - or which varied in nationality, kind of firms, and function. Also the target leadership sample was around 68 participants, even they offered 116 companies’ chief executives to participate in the study.
Qualitative research
In this strategy unstructured flexible design is used, for example, in the study by (Ardichvilia,2003), the researcher used the survey by Hills et al. (1997) to test hypothesis about social networks to assert if the entrepreneurs who have extended networks identify significantly more opportunities more than others. Also they used survey Hills et al. (1997) about personality traits. In the third article (Hejazi,2012), the researcher used statistical society of founders and top managers of SMEs in manufacturing and service categories in Tehran Province. He sent to 34 companies in service and 27 companies in manufacturing category. In
3 http://www.unifr.ch/ztd/HTS/inftest/WEB- Informationssystem/en/4en001/d590668ef5a34f17908121d3edf2d1dc/hb.htm
6. Student: Bakr Buji
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the fourth article (H. Mushtaq Ahmad, 2010), the researcher gathered data in his study from 386 founders and from top managers in the manufacturing and service SMEs Data and tested by factor analysis. The questionnaire contained 4 different factors: strategic, communicative, personal, and motivational entrepreneurial leadership. The results explain that demographic, variables like gender, age, educational level and experience of entrepreneurial activities in Pakistan. Therefore in total 124 participants were included, 62 entrepreneurial CEOs and 62 professional CEOs. The study was carried out in 2 different cities in Pakistan, and they selected successful participants in their field.
I believe the various study approaches enhance the study about the entrepreneurial leadership, even though it might be sort of uncertainties in some studies because of the number of definitions of entrepreneurial leadership and no accurate in attitude evaluating tools which used to analysis people perspective- that have been used in many present studies-, also it is possible for error due to self-expression during the questionnaire or survey.
The summary of the articles
Articles 1: A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development (Ardichvilia,2003)
This paper has been talking about identification the entrepreneurial opportunity and it’s development. While elements of opportunity are recognized, so it needs careful investigation.
7. Student: Bakr Buji
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The successful opportunity development process leads to successful businesses. And the most important part of this article which we focus on it more is about the entrepreneur who conduct the opportunity until it becomes a business and the elements which influence the entrepreneur to make him identify business opportunities to create and deliver a value for the stakeholders. The first unit of theory is entrepreneural alertness which means the recognition of opportunity, by showing high alertness, and being sensitive to information about everything relevant to the opportunity like the market, the user problems, unmet needs and interests, and novel combination of resources. Higher alertness increases the possibility of an opportunity being recognized. The second unit of theory information asymmetry and prior knowledge, Entrepreneur will catch the opportunity according to his prior knowledge which allows him to recognize the opportunity. The prior knowledge can be in the markets and how to serve it, and the customer’s problem.The third is social network, the strength of weak ties which can provide unique information more than strong ties. So the entrepreneur who extended his network can identify more opportunities plus the quality of the network contacts affect others characteristics like creativity and alertness. The opportunity is evolved by three cognitive activities, information gathering, thinking through talking, and resources assessing. These activities can be run through the social network as well. The fourth Personality traits, and here the most important 2 traits are; the connection between optimism and higher opportunity recognition –the optimism is inside view of the potential success of the venture-, and the second traits is the creativity to discover opportunities that others do not see.
8. Student: Bakr Buji
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The study also concluded that entrepreneurial alertness appears as a more powerful concept, and the relationship between opportunity identification and personality traits except creativity and optimism seems to be weak.
The study also talked about how the opportunity types can be based on the market needs or value sought if it’s identified or unidentified, and based on value creation capability if it’s identified or unidentified. And the best opportunity can be found if both of them are identified.
Article 2 : Personality and Entrepreneurial Leadership (Nicholson, 1998)
This article holds a comparison between leaders, managers and NEO norms through the five major domains of personality through questionnaire between them to show the differences in personality traits. The five major domains that were used here in this article are neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, openness, and conscientiousness. Through this study it concludes that leaders differ from NEO norm in scales lower neuroticism, higher extraversion, and lower agreeableness. Specifically in the facets of high activity, lower aesthetics, lower straightforwardness, lower altruism, higher achievement-striving. Also the study shows that leaders differ from manager in lower gregariousness, higher order, and higher self discipline.
Leaders differ from managers and NEO norms higher conscientiousness domain, and specifically lower depression, lower self-consciousness, lower vulnerability, higher assertiveness, lower action, lower compliance, and higher dutifulness facets.
9. Student: Bakr Buji
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In this study, they hypothesized that even the assertiveness score was higher than both the managers and the NEO norm sample, but it still can’t be considered like a strong requirement for leadership. And activeness score doesn’t differ from managers, so it can be considered important for being a manager generally.
In the present article (Nicholson, 1998), they divided the leadership for 3 kinds according to the link between the traits and the role attainment. The first one is the strongest; that the leader has many traits which make him/her possesses a sufficient psychological profile to maintain his position. The second is a weaker cause of the presence or absence of certain traits which makes it difficult to attain the leadership position since some of the traits are essential to sustain the position. The third is a weaker cause certain traits are desirable for individual to lead
Article 3: Designing a Scale for measuring entrepreneurial leadership in SMEs (Hejazi,2012)
The purpose of this article (Hejazi,2012) is to building a new identification of entrepreneurial leadership and assess how to evaluate it differently than other traditional evaluation tools. In this study, they combined three theories, transformational leadership, team oriented leadership, and value oriented leadership, it also considers the expert’s perspectives as well. They used new scales for the evaluation like firstly; strategic factors, secondly; communicative factors, thirdly; personal factors, and fourthly; motivational factors which is the most exclusive in this research and haven’t been used before.
10. Student: Bakr Buji
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Demographical variables of the study show that gender has an impact on strategic and communicative factors, in case of men, the response average was high on a strategic factor, and in case of women the average response was high on communicative factor. Non one of the previous studies have taken the demographical side in the consideration. Even researches shows that men were more successful than women when it comes to strategic management field. Also the study shows that young entrepreneurs have shown a higher response with motivational dimension of entrepreneurial leadership.
The study also shows the educational level has a big impact on some strategic factors like; assigning vision, establishing a system for gathering information and predicting future problems.
This study also has referred to two important points; entrepreneurial leaders are affected by organizational systems. For example in bureaucratic structures, there are less opportunities to exploit the entrepreneurial leader’s capabilities, and social intelligence role in showing leader’s entrepreneurial behaviors.
Article 4: Personality Traits among Entrepreneurial and Professional CEOs in SMEs (H. Mushtaq Ahmad, 2010)
The purpose of this study (H. Mushtaq Ahmad, 2010) is to explore what differentiating what between entrepreneurial CEOs and professional CEO’s or top managers when it comes to psychological attributes, through examining how the five motivational motives like need for achievement, locus of control, risk taking propensity, ambiguity tolerance, and type-A
11. Student: Bakr Buji
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personality. The study revealed that the entrepreneurial CEOs have higher score on need for achievement, locus of control, risk taking propensity, ambiguity tolerance, but the study shows that professional CEOs have higher score on Type-A personality than entrepreneurial CEOs.
The study concluded that Type-A personality is the strongest variable of professional CEOs, but the need for achievement is the strongest variable of entrepreneurial CEOs, followed by locus of control: risk taking propensity, and ambiguity tolerance for entrepreneurial CEOs.
The present study (H. Mushtaq Ahmad, 2010) categorized all managers in 3 categories of non-conscious motivational groups; being motivated by achievement, affiliation, power. Achievement motive distinguishes the entrepreneurial CEOs than others since entrepreneurial CEOs score better in this point, but others make decisions to increase their popularity. Affiliation motive leads sometimes to trying to secure job for the family through taking a decision to build a business. Power motive leads to make a decision in order to feel dominant over organization or to feel the ability to influence others. The combination of non-conscious motives creates effective, motivated leaders. Mangers who are motivated by power can be highly responsible toward the company and the most effective.
Key findings
After going through the present articles, I see there are censuses about entrepreneurial leadership and an entrepreneurial leader concept. Some articles looked at the entrepreneurial leadership from a different perspective according to their interest in the study or perhaps for
12. Student: Bakr Buji
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societal reason which could give benefit to the society and develop the entrepreneurial leadership concept.
In the study by (Ardichvilia,2003), I can see that the entrepreneurial alertness is the most important factor effecting the identification of the opportunity, since the entrepreneur with high entrepreneurial alertness has more possibilities to recognize more opportunities. In the third article by (Hejazi,2012), the study concluded that the education level is important for being entrepreneurial. In my point of view I think the good education will heighten the entrepreneurial alertness, since it’s about recognizing all the relevant items of the opportunity, and the recognition comes from having knowledge about all these items which you get through the education. So after finding out the link between entrepreneurial alertness and the education level, I believe that the both studies reached to the same point even though they look to the subject from different dimensions.
In the first article by (Ardichvilia,2003), the study concluded that the creativity is important trait and relevant to being entrepreneurial, and in the second article by (Nicholson, 1998), the study concluded that creativity is important trait for being entrepreneurial, but it’s irrelevant for being managers. I agree with the 2 articles about that because if we look to the definition of being an entrepreneurial leader and a traditional manager, we see that the entrepreneurial leader should come up with new strategies or new ideas continuously, and that is exactly what the creativity brings.
13. Student: Bakr Buji
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In the first article by (Ardichvilia,2003), it’s mentioned that the entrepreneurial is continuously looking for new opportunities. And in the second article (Nicholson, 1998), we can see Excitement seeking scores a high level amongst the CEO’s. So both studies enhance the same concept as we can see.
The articles talked about the taking risk trait in the entrepreneurial leader, they almost agreed about that the entrepreneurial leader should take the risk carefully. I completely agree with that, but I would agree more with the first study by (Ardichvilia,2003), when it talked about taking the calculated risk.
My entrepreneurial leadership model
Here I build this model (figure1) according to the present articles. My model is divided into 3 domains; the first domain is a psychological profile which includes all the important traits which s/he is born with- for being an entrepreneurial leader. The second domain includes all the external factors which help to create entrepreneurial leaders, and it can be gained through education or through the social life or through the cultural influence. Between the first and second elements, I find that the most important area is entrepreneurial alertness and the model clarifies- from my point of view- the most important traits or elements which associated directly to the entrepreneurial alertness. The third domain is a complementary domain in this model which includes the tangible elements that help him/her to show the entrepreneurial skills. So if the elements in the first and second domain are able to
14. Student: Bakr Buji
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create the entrepreneurial alertness, then the entrepreneurial leader will have the capability to see the opportunity.
figure1: The entrepreneurial leadership model from my point of view.
Conclusion
During my reading of the present studies, I believe that the entrepreneurial leader has some traits which s/he born with that help him/her, such as; creativity, optimism, activity, and some other- please refer to the model- to be entrepreneurial, but also the natural traits can’t be enough and don’t make that professional entrepreneurial leader without the external factors which can be through the education, culture’s influence, or practicing. The atmosphere around the person plays an important role to motivate for being an entrepreneurial leader, like
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the affiliation motive, which leads to seek for something that can save the future for the family for example, or being in competitive environment which motives one to achieve something new.
Implication of the model on my business future
After building the model as how I think the entrepreneurial leadership can be, I then set a comparison between the traits in each domain in the model, and what I have and I should have. I conclude that I have to focus on the second domain which contains the external factors like education. So since I have background in I.T. and I’m planning to do another course in another subject which is going to increase my knowledge. And other interests coupled with my prior work/life experience is to having the social network in the area where I’m going to settle in, I have small social network during the university, work, and social life. I still need to improve my communicative skills which I think can be achieved through practice and education.
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References
1. Ardichvili, Alexander, Richard Cardozo, and Sourav Ray. "A Theory of Entrepreneurial Opportunity Identification and Development." Journal of Business Venturing 18.1 (2003): 105-23. Print.
2. Nicholson, Nigel. "Personality and Entrepreneurial Leadership: A Study of the Heads of the UK’s Most Successful Independent Companies." (1998)
3. Hejazi, Seyed, Mohamad Maleki, and Mohamad Naeiji. "Designing a Scale for Measuring Entrepreneurial Leadership in SMEs." (2012): 71-77. Print.
4. Ahmad, H. Mushtaq. "Personality Traits among Entrepreneurial and Professional CEOs in SMEs." (2010): 203-13. Print.
5. Acs, Zoltan, and David Audretsch. "The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Economic Growth." The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Economic Growth (July 2002)
6. Chermack, Thomas J. "Studying Scenario Planning: Theory, Research Suggestions, and Hypotheses." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 72.1 (2005): 59-73. Print.
7. Costa, Paul T. "NEO-PI-R - Manual." NEO-PI-R - Manual. Hogrefe Testsystem, 2007. Web. 14 Sept. 2012. <http://www.unifr.ch/ztd/HTS/inftest/WEB- Informationssystem/en/4en001/d590668ef5a34f17908121d3edf2d1dc/hb.htm>.