The document defines the environment as all external living and non-living factors that surround humans. It identifies the physical, biological, and social components of the environment and lists factors like poor water, air pollution, poor housing, and soil pollution that can influence health. The document discusses sanitation as a way of life that involves clean households, neighborhoods, communities, animal habitats, farms, and businesses. The main goal of sanitation is to promote and protect health beyond just the construction of toilets. Environmental sanitation involves controlling physical environmental factors that could negatively impact human physical development, health, and survival.