1) In June 1976, Palestinian and German terrorists hijacked an Air France flight and diverted it to Entebbe Airport in Uganda. They separated Israeli and Jewish passengers from others and threatened them.
2) Israel considered diplomatic and military options to free the hostages. On July 4th, Israeli commandos raided the airport, rescued all but 3 of the hostages, and killed all the hijackers with no civilian casualties.
3) The daring rescue operation was a success for Israel but caused some political tensions with Uganda and questions about tactics that led to casualties. It established a model for future high-risk hostage rescue missions.
Many aviation accidents, both commercial and private, are caused by defective equipment. If it can be shown that equipment failure or a defective plane component resulted in an aviation accident that caused injury or death, it may be possible to file a lawsuit against the liable parties. So to file your case contact http://alabama.attorney-group.com/airplane-accidents/
Presented by Xinshen Diao, Paul Dorosh, and James Thurlow, all with the International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC. This is part of the Global Crisis Country Series.
Many aviation accidents, both commercial and private, are caused by defective equipment. If it can be shown that equipment failure or a defective plane component resulted in an aviation accident that caused injury or death, it may be possible to file a lawsuit against the liable parties. So to file your case contact http://alabama.attorney-group.com/airplane-accidents/
Presented by Xinshen Diao, Paul Dorosh, and James Thurlow, all with the International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC. This is part of the Global Crisis Country Series.
The Forgotten Palestinians who live inside Israel. The Palestinians who live inside Israel are almost invisible. But they form 20% of the Israeli population and they are struggling for equality.
A 50 slide presentation on the rescue of its citizens held as hostage by Israel. Dates back to 1976. A great amount of military strategy behind the rescue.
As with other Western nations watching events unfold, Israel advocates the spread of democracy and stability throughout Egypt and the Middle East. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu expressed these sentiments when he spoke to Israel’s parliament in early February. He also warned about the dangers of Egypt being pushed to radicalization or influenced by Iran, a leading state sponsor of terrorism.
Egypt was the first Arab country to sign a peace agreement with Israel. The decision of the most powerful and influential Arab state to make peace with Israel reduced the likelihood of a large-scale Arab-Israeli war. It also brought Egypt into alliance with the West, helped strengthen moderate voices in the region and brought greater economic prosperity to the country.
Israel took political risks and sacrificed much to achieve peace, giving up oil fields, military bases, civilian settlements and a crucial land buffer for a promise of peace. Egypt kept its promise.
From the time of its independence, Israel waited 30 years for an Arab leader to show the courage and vision to make peace. Since 1977 Israel and Egypt have enjoyed more than three decades of peaceful relations.
Munitions dealers arrested for conspiracy to export military aircraft parts t...muculetz
Jeff Bush, Department of Justice, ICE Agent Sammy Cruzcoriano, Jeffrey H. Sloman, Acting United States Attorney for the Southern District of Florida, David Kris, Assistant Attorney General for National Security, Michael Johnson, Special Agent in Charge, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Export Enforcement, Anthony V. Mangione, Special Agent in Charge, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Office of Investigations, and Amie R. Tanchak, Resident Agent in Charge, U.S. Department of Defense, Government Conspiracy,Defense Criminal Investigative Service, R. Alexander Acosta, United States Attorney for the Southern District of Florida, Michael Johnson, Special Agent in Charge, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Export Enforcement, Anthony V. Mangione, Special Agent in Charge, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Office of Investigations, and Christopher Amato, Special Agent in Charge of the Pentagon's Defense Criminal Investigative Service, Southeast Field Office, Revolution in Romania,R. Alexander Acosta, U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Florida; David Kris, Assistant Attorney General for National Security; Michael Johnson, Special Agentin Charge, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Export Enforcement; Anthony V. Mangione, Special Agent in Charge, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Office of Investigations; and Amie R. Tanchak, Resident Agent in Charge, U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Criminal Investigative Service, Judge Patrick A. White, Judge Patricia A. Seitz, Judge John M. O’Sullivan, Attorney Mark Eiglarsh, Attorney Michael Cohen,C.I.A.,Defende Intelligence Agency,National Intelligence Agency,Department of State,Department of Navy,Interpol,F.B.I., National Security Agency, FBI Special Agent in Charge, Michael Johnson,Traian Bujduveanu,Revolution in Iran,Attorney Robert G. Amsel
2. Introduction
Operation Entebbe was a counter-terrorist hostage-rescue mission carried out by
commandos of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) at Entebbe Airport in Uganda on 4 July 1976.
A week earlier, on 27 June, an Air France plane with 248 passengers was hijacked, by
members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and the German Revolutionary
Cells, and flown to Entebbe, the main airport of Uganda.
The local government supported the hijackers and dictator Idi Amin personally welcomed
them. The hijackers separated the Israelis and Jews from the larger group and forced them
into another room.
That afternoon, 47 non-Israeli hostages were released.
The next day, 101 more non-Israeli hostages were allowed to leave on board an Air France
aircraft.
More than 100 Israeli and Jewish passengers, along with the non-Jewish pilot Captain Bacos,
remained as hostages and were threatened with death.
3.
4. Hijacking
On 27 June 1976, Air France Flight 139, an Airbus A300 (Airbus A300B4-203), registration F-
BVGG (c/n 019), originated from Tel Aviv, Israel, carrying 246 passengers and a crew of 12.
An additional 58 passengers, including four hijackers, waited to board at the Athens airport,
heading for Paris.
Soon after the 12:30 pm takeoff, the flight was hijacked by two Palestinians from the Popular
Front for the Liberation of Palestine – External Operations (PFLP-EO), and by two Germans,
Wilfried Böse and Brigitte Kuhlmann, from the German Revolutionary Cells.
The hijackers diverted the flight to Benghazi, Libya.
There it was held on the ground for seven hours for refuelling.
During that time the hijackers released a female hostage who pretended to have a
miscarriage.
The plane left Benghazi, and at 3:15 pm on the 28th, more than 24 hours after the flight's
original departure, it arrived at Entebbe Airport in Uganda.
The hijackers announced that the airline crew and non-Jewish passengers would be released
and put on another Air France plane brought to Entebbe for that purpose.
5.
6. Planning
In the week before the raid, Israel tried a number of political avenues to obtain the release of
the hostages.
At the request of the cabinet, he spoke with Amin on the phone many times, trying to gain
the release of the hostages, without success.
The Israeli government also approached the US government to deliver a message to
Egyptian president Anwar Sadat, asking him to request Amin to release the hostages.
At the deadline (1 July),the Israeli government offered to negotiate with the hijackers to
extend the deadline to 4 July.
This meant he could take a diplomatic trip to Port Louis, Mauritius to officially hand over
chairmanship of the Organisation of African Unity to Seewoosagur Ramgoolam.
This extension of the hostage deadline proved crucial to providing Israeli forces enough time
to get to Entebbe.
On 3 July, at 18:30, the Israeli cabinet approved the rescue mission, presented by Major
General Yekutiel "Kuti" Adam and Brig.
7.
8. Attack Route
Taking off from Sharm al-Sheikh,the task force flew down the international flight
path over the Red Sea, mostly flying at a height of no more than 30 m (100 ft)
to avoid radar detection by Egyptian, Sudanese, and Saudi Arabian forces.
Near the south outlet of the Red Sea the C-130s turned south and passed
south of Djibouti.
They turned west, passing through the African Rift Valley and over Lake
Victoria.
Two Boeing 707 jets followed the cargo planes.
The first Boeing contained medical facilities and landed at Jomo Kenyatta
International Airport in Nairobi, Kenya.
The commander of the operation, General Yekutiel Adam, was on board the
second Boeing, which circled over Entebbe Airport during the raid.
9.
10. Contd…
The Israeli forces landed at Entebbe at 23:00 IST, with their cargo bay doors already open.
A black Mercedes that looked like President Idi Amin's vehicle and Land Rovers that usually
accompanied Amin's Mercedes were brought along.
The Israelis hoped they could use them to bypass security checkpoints.
When the C-130s landed, Israeli assault team members drove the vehicles to the terminal
building in the same fashion as Amin.
As they approached the terminal, two Ugandan sentries, aware that Idi Amin had recently
purchased a white Mercedes, ordered the vehicles to stop.
The commandos shot the sentries using silenced pistols, but did not kill them.
As they pulled away, however, an Israeli commando in one of the following Land Rovers killed
them with an unsuppressed rifle.
Fearing the hijackers would be alerted prematurely, the assault team quickly approached the
terminal.
11.
12. Commemorations
In August 2012, Uganda and Israel commemorated the raid at a somber
ceremony at the base of a tower at the Old Entebbe Airport, where Yonatan
Netanyahu was killed.
Uganda and Israel renewed their commitment in the fight against terrorism
and to work towards humanity.
In addition, wreaths were laid, a moment of silence was held, speeches were
given, and a poem was recited.
The flags of Uganda and Israel waved side by side, demonstrating the two
countries' strong bilateral relations, next to a plaque with a history of the raid.
The ceremony was attended by Ugandan State Minister for Animal Industry
Bright Rwamirama and the deputy Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel Daniel
Ayalon, who laid wreaths at the site
13.
14. Aftermath
The government of Uganda, represented by the Foreign Minister Juma Oris, later convened a
session of the United Nations Security Council to seek official condemnation of the Israeli
raid,as a violation of Ugandan sovereignty.
The Security Council ultimately declined to pass any resolution on the matter, condemning
neither Israel nor Uganda.
In the ensuing years, Betser and the Netanyahu brothers—Iddo and Benjamin, all Sayeret
Matkal veterans—argued in increasingly public forums about who was to blame for the
unexpected early firefight that caused Yonatan's death and partial loss of tactical surprise.
As a result of the operation, the United States military developed highly trained rescue teams
modelled on the Entebbe rescue.
One notable attempt to imitate it was Operation Eagle Claw, a failed rescue of 53 American
embassy personnel held hostage in Tehran during the Iran hostage crisis.
