The document provides an extensive overview of English and American literature, geography, history, language, society, and culture. It covers key historical events, linguistic developments, and cultural characteristics that shaped England and America from early civilizations to modern times. Additionally, it highlights the influence of various immigrant cultures on American society and the evolution of the English language into American English.

1. INTRODUCTION
OF ENGLISH
AND AMERICAN
LITERATURE
SHORT SUMMARY OF ENGLISH AND
AMERICAN GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY,
LANGUAGE, SOCIETY, AND CULTURE

2. ENGLISH
AND
AMERICAN
GEOGRAP
HY

3. ENGLISH AND
AMERICAN
GEOGRAPHY
• is pastoral land in fact 70% of its territory consists of
pastures and farm fields and only 1/10 of its land is
forested
UNITED
KINGDOM
ENGLA
ND• consists mostly of a large rolling central lowland that
transition into a wide flatter eastern plain along the
northern sea

4. ENGLAN
D’S
MAIN
RANGES
1.Cumbria
2.Pennines

7. ENGLISH AND
AMERICAN
GEOGRAPHY
• is the world’s third largest country in size, it is
located in North America
• America’s official name: UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
• Capital city: WASHINGTON D.C (DISTRICT
COLOMBIA)
• Total area: 3, 794, 083 SQUARE MILES
UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA

8. HIGHEST AND
LOWEST PEAKS
Denali
in Alaska
Death
Valley
with 20, 308 in
elevation
with -282 feet

11. TWO MAJOR
MOUNTAINS
Rocky
Mountain
Appalachian
Mountains

14. THREE MAJOR
RIVERS
Mississip
pi
River
Missouri
River
Colorado
River

18. HISTORY,
LANGUAGE,
SOCIETY, AND
CULTURE OF

19. THE
ORIGIN
AL
ENGLIS
ANGLES
SAXONS
JUTES OF NORTHERN GERMANY
BALTIC REGION

20. Anglo-
Saxon
Roots
Meanin
g
Example
s
less, lest
lacking,
fewer
less,
lessen
nama,
noma
reputatio
n
name,
nominate
kno- skill
know,
knowledge
ANGL
ES
• were one of the
Germanic peoples
who settled in
Great Britain in
the Post-Roman
Period

21. Anglo-
Saxon
Roots
Meanin
g
Example
s
ah-
relief or
understandi
ng
ah, ah
choo, ah
well
tru- faithful
truth, true,
trust
tal-
express in
words
tale, tell, talk
SAXO
NS
• were a cultural
group who spoke
Old English and
inhabited of what is
now England and
south-eastern
Scotland in the
Early Middle Ages

22. JUTES OF
NORTHERN
GERMANY
• Germanic people who
are believed to have
come from Jutland
(called Iutum in Latin) in
modern Denmark
inclusive Southern
Schleswig in Northern
Germany and part of
the Frisian coast

23. Words Meaning
ratas wheel
kirvis ax
BALTIC
REGION
• The Balts or Baltic
peoples are a group
of peoples
inhabiting the
eastern coast of the
Baltic Sea who
speak
Baltic languages.

24. HISTORY, LANGUAGE,
SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
OF ENGLAND
• maintained their hold in Wales and
Cornwall
INDIGENOUS
BRITONS
PICTS
• maintained their hold in Northern
Scotland

27. HISTORY, LANGUAGE,
SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
OF ENGLAND
• overrun the whole island including the
south of modern day Scotland
• they adopted Christianity tying their
fortunes directly to the Roman Church
ANGLO-
SAXONS

28. HISTORY, LANGUAGE,
SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
OF ENGLAND
• they also developed a flourishing
and wealthy culture which
attracted the unwelcome attention
of the “VIKING”
ANGLO-
SAXONS

30. HISTORY, LANGUAGE,
SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
OF ENGLAND
• peoples of SCANDIVANIA, who
descended on “ANGLE-LAND”
(ENGLAND) and for a time conquered
and ruled the northern part of it
VIKING
(PIRATE)

33. HISTORY, LANGUAGE,
SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
OF ENGLAND
• the first Saxon king of all England
AETHELSTAN
ANGLO-SAXON
ENGLAND
• developed its own distinctive language and
highly sophisticated culture until in 1066, it
was attacked and overrun by NORMANS

34. HISTORY, LANGUAGE,
SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
OF ENGLAND
• England was tied closely to
France, with a French-speaking
monarchy and ruling class
300 YEARS

35. HISTORY, LANGUAGE,
SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
OF ENGLAND
• launched the successful “English” conquest of
Ireland and Wales in Scotland
FRENCH ENGLISH RULERS
KING ROBERT THE BRUCE
• managed to resist invasion and Scotland
remained a separate kingdom

39. HISTORY, LANGUAGE,
SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
OF ENGLAND
• was a wealthy country, flourishing on trade in fine
woolen cloth and notable for its vibrant
enthusiasm for the Catholic Church
MEDIEVAL ENGLAND
KING EDWARD III (14TH
CENTURY)
• went so far as to claim the French crown for
himself

41. HISTORY, LANGUAGE,
SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
OF ENGLAND
• England fought a long series of wars in France
to maintain their right to the French throne
HUNDRED YEARS WAR
WARS OF THE ROSES
• a bloody civil war in which rival branches of
the royal house fought for the throne

42. HISTORY, LANGUAGE,
SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
OF ENGLAND
• who seized the throne in 1485 as HENRY VII and
spent his reign strengthening his hold on it
HENRY TUDOR
HENRY VIII
• incorporated Wales into England though it
retained its distinctive language and identity

45. HISTORY, LANGUAGE,
SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
OF ENGLAND
• under her reign, such religious turmoil
culminated in the establishment of a hybrid
“CHURCH OF ENGLAND” which maintained
the structures, hierarchy, and fabric of the
Roman Church
ELIZABETH I

47. HISTORY, LANGUAGE,
SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
OF ENGLAND
• England developed as a highly
successful state with its government
heavily centralizedd on London which
provided close links to the continent
UNDER THE TUDORS

48. HISTORY, LANGUAGE,
SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
OF ENGLAND
• saw the growth of the power of the
English parliament and a closer more
interdependent relationship between
England and Scotland
TUDOR PERIOD

49. HISTORY, LANGUAGE,
SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
OF ENGLAND
• which alone had the power to make
STATUTE LAW was the body that gave
legal status to the Tudor religious
changes
PARLIAMENT

50. HISTORY, LANGUAGE,
SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
OF ENGLAND
• Stuart king of Scotland who thereby became
the King James I of England
• he originally hoped to combine the kingdoms
of England and Scotland in one kingdom of
“Great Britain” but the idea found no support
JAMES VI

52. HISTORY, LANGUAGE,
SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
OF ENGLAND
• was part of a wider conflict that
included a religious civil war in
Scotland and a major Catholic
rebellion in Ireland
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR

53. HISTORY, LANGUAGE,
SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
OF ENGLAND
• the LORD PROTECTOR of an English Republic
• he forced through union with Scotland and
imposed his control on Ireland by brute
force
OLIVER CROMWELL

55. HISTORY, LANGUAGE,
SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
OF ENGLAND
• he was the power vacuum that
was eventually filled by the
restoration of the monarchy
KING CHARLES II

57. HISTORY, LANGUAGE,
SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
OF ENGLAND
• a new kingdom that was produced by an ACT
AND TREATY UNION in 1707
GREAT BRITAIN
19TH CENTURY
• new British state rapidly became the wealthiest
and most powerful nation on the planet

59. HISTORY, LANGUAGE,
SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
OF ENGLAND
• remained by far the largest, most heavily
populated and wealthiest part of the
kingdom though it did stop the Victorians
from encouraging a heavily idealized image
of a rural England of picturesque country
villages
INDUSTRIAL ENGLAND

60. HISTORY, LANGUAGE,
SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
OF ENGLAND
• the creation of a SCOTTISH PARLIAMENT and
WELSH ASSEMBLY
• this led to a revival of English national feeling,
often expressed through sport, eventhough the
population of England was by then radically
transformed by immigration
1999

61. THREE MAIN PERIODS
OF A LANGUAGE IN
ENGLAND
Old
English
(450 -
1100 AD)
Middle
English
(1100 -
1500)
Modern
English

62. THREE MAIN PERIODS
OF LANGUAGE IN
ENGLAND
• the invading Germanic tribes spoke similar
languages, which in Britain developed into
what we now call OLD ENGLISH
• BEOWULF was an example of poem written
in Old English
OLD ENGLISH (450-
1100 AD)

63. THREE MAIN PERIODS
OF LANGUAGE IN
ENGLAND
• In 1066, WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR,
the duke of Normandy which is now
part of the Modern France invaded
and conquered England.
MIDDLE ENGLISH
(1100-1500)

65. THREE MAIN PERIODS
OF LANGUAGE IN
ENGLAND
• NORMANS, the new conquerors
brought with them a kind of French
which became the language of the
Royal Court and the ruling business
classed
MIDDLE ENGLISH
(1100-1500)

66. THREE MAIN PERIODS
OF LANGUAGE IN
ENGLAND
• there was a time on that period where
there was a kind of linguistic class
division where lower classed spoke
English and the upper class spoke
French
MIDDLE ENGLISH
(1100-1500)

67. THREE MAIN PERIODS
OF LANGUAGE IN
ENGLAND
• English became a dominant language of
Britain in 14th century but with many
French words added
• Chaucer began writing the Canterburry
Tales
MIDDLE ENGLISH
(1100-1500)

68. THREE MAIN PERIODS
OF LANGUAGE IN
ENGLAND
• it was also this period when English
replaces Latin as the language of
instruction in most schools as well as
replacing French as the language of law
and is used Parliament for the first time
MIDDLE ENGLISH
(1100-1500)

69. THREE MAIN PERIODS
OF LANGUAGE IN
ENGLAND
• TWO MAIN PERIODS
1.EARLY MODERN ENGLISH (1500-1800)
2.LATE MODERN ENGLISH (1800-
PRESENT)
MODERN ENGLISH

70. TWO MAIN
PERIODS
OF MODERN
ENGLISH
• THE GREAT VOWEL SHIFT a sudden and
distinct change in pronunciation with vowels
being pronounces shorter and shorter
• LINGUIST OTTO JESPERSEN coined the term
EARLY MODERN ENGLISH
(1500-1800)

71. TWO MAIN
PERIODS
OF MODERN
ENGLISH
• WILLIAM CAXTON who established the first
PRINTING PRESS
• the invention of printing which meant that
there was a common language in print that
brought standardization in English
EARLY MODERN ENGLISH
(1500-1800)

72. TWO MAIN
PERIODS
OF MODERN
ENGLISH
• BOOKS became cheaper and many
people learned to read, spelling, and
grammar became fixed
EARLY MODERN ENGLISH
(1500-1800)

73. TWO MAIN
PERIODS
OF MODERN
ENGLISH
TABLE ALPHABETICALL
• the first English Dictionary was
published in 1604
EARLY MODERN ENGLISH
(1500-1800)

74. TWO MAIN
PERIODS
OF MODERN
ENGLISH
1564
• Shakespeare was born; Hamlet
was one of his works
EARLY MODERN ENGLISH
(1500-1800)

75. TWO MAIN
PERIODS
OF MODERN
ENGLISH
1782
• Britain abandoned its colonies
and is later became USA
EARLY MODERN ENGLISH
(1500-1800)

76. TWO MAIN
PERIODS
OF MODERN
ENGLISH
• the main difference with
Early Modern English is
VOCABULARY
LATE MODERN ENGLISH (1800-
PRESENT

77. TWO
FACTORS
The industrial
Revolution and
technology
created a need
for new words.
British Empire
covered one
quarter of the
earth’s surface and
the English
language adopted
foreign words from
many countries.

78. TWO MAIN
PERIODS
OF MODERN
ENGLISH
1828
• WEBSTER published his AMERICAN ENGLISH
DICTIONARY
1928
• OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY was also published
LATE MODERN ENGLISH (1800-
PRESENT

79. HISTORY,
LANGUAGE,
SOCIETY, AND
CULTURE OF

80. AMERICAN
HISTORY AND
LANGUAGE
• led by LEIF ERICSON were the first
Europeans to reach America aboout
the year 1000 but failed to establish
a settlement
ICELANDIC VIKINGS

82. AMERICAN
HISTORY AND
LANGUAGE
• an Italian navigator sailed west
from Europe and landed on one of
the Bahama islands in the
Caribbean Sea on 1492
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS

84. SIGNIFICANTS PERIODS OF AMERICAN
HISTORY
The Colonial Era
A New Nation
Slavery and Civil
War
The Late 19th
Century
World War II
Decades of
The Cold War

85. SIGNIFICANT
PERIODS OF
AMERICAN
HISTORY
1620
• PURITANS founded PLYMOUTH
COLONY and later became
MASSACHUSETTS
THE COLONIAL ERA

88. SIGNIFICANT
PERIODS OF
AMERICAN
HISTORY
JULY 4, 1775
• the CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
adopted a DECLARATION OF
INDEPENDENCE
THE COLONIAL ERA

89. SIGNIFICANT
PERIODS OF
AMERICAN
HISTORY
• the last major battle of the
America Revolution at
Yorktown, Virginia in 1781
THE COLONIAL ERA

90. SIGNIFICANT
PERIODS OF
AMERICAN
HISTORY
• fighting continued for two (2) years
and officially ended with the TREATY
OF PARIS in 1783, by which England
recognized American Independence
THE COLONIAL ERA

91. SIGNIFICANT
PERIODS OF
AMERICAN
HISTORY
• the constitution made the
government to divide it within
three (3) branches
A NEW NATION

92. THREE BRANCHES
OF GOVERNMENT
Legislativ
e
(congress
)
Executive (the
president and
the federal
agencies)
Judicial
(federal
courts)

93. SIGNIFICANT
PERIODS OF
AMERICAN
HISTORY
• during this period, there were two
towering figures with different
agendas and goals
A NEW NATION

94. TWO
TOWERING
FIGURES
George
Washington
Thomas
Jefferson

95. SIGNIFICANT
PERIODS OF
AMERICAN
HISTORY
GEORGE WASHINGTON
• who was a war’s military hero and the
first U.S. President, favoring a strong
president and central government
A NEW NATION

97. SIGNIFICANT
PERIODS OF
AMERICAN
HISTORY
THOMAS JEFFERSON
• who was the Principal Author of the Declaration
of Independence, favoring to allot more power
to the states because they would be more
accountable to people
A NEW NATION

99. SIGNIFICANT
PERIODS OF
AMERICAN
HISTORY
ANDREW JACKSON
• became the first outsider elected president in
the year 1828, born in a poor family and
outside the cultural traditions of the Atlantic
Seaboard
SLAVERY AND CIVIL WAR

101. SIGNIFICANT
PERIODS OF
AMERICAN
HISTORY
SLAVERY
• was permitted in the new state of
Missouri and Arkanstan Territory and it
continued for years
SLAVERY AND CIVIL WAR

102. SIGNIFICANT
PERIODS OF
AMERICAN
HISTORY
CIVIL WAR
• was the most traumatic episode
in American History
SLAVERY AND CIVIL WAR

103. SIGNIFICANT
PERIODS OF
AMERICAN
HISTORY
• within few years after the Civil
War, United States became a
leading industrial power
THE LATE 19TH CENTURY

104. SIGNIFICANT
PERIODS OF
AMERICAN
HISTORY
• paved the way for series of
inventions: telephone, light bulb,
phonograph, and motion pictures
THE LATE 19TH CENTURY

108. SIGNIFICANT
PERIODS OF
AMERICAN
HISTORY
1898
• US and Spain went to war
THE LATE 19TH CENTURY

109. SIGNIFICANT
PERIODS OF
AMERICAN
HISTORY
DECEMBER 1941
• the Japanese bombed the Pearl Harbor
naval base in Hawaii brought the US into
the war against Japan, Germany, and Italy
WORLD WAR II

112. SIGNIFICANT
PERIODS OF
AMERICAN
HISTORY
AUGUST 1945
• the war in Japan came to a swift end when
PRESIDENT HARRY TRAUMAN ordered the
use of atomic bombs against the cities of
HIROSHIMA and NAGASAKI
WORLD WAR II

118. SIGNIFICANT
PERIODS OF
AMERICAN
HISTORY
• nearly 200, 000 civilians
were killed
WORLD WAR II

119. SIGNIFICANT
PERIODS OF
AMERICAN
HISTORY
• tensions developed between
United States and its
wartime ally SOVIET UNION
THE COLD WAR

120. SIGNIFICANT
PERIODS OF
AMERICAN
HISTORY
• careers had been destroyed and the
American People had all but lost sight
of the cardinal American virtue:
TOLERATION OF POLITICAL DISSENT
THE COLD WAR

121. SIGNIFICANT
PERIODS OF
AMERICAN
HISTORY
1960
• when JOHN F. KENNEDY was elected
as President who promised to “GET
THE COUNTRY MOVING AGAIN”
THE COLD WAR

123. SIGNIFICANT
PERIODS OF
AMERICAN
HISTORY
OCTOBER 1962
• when Kennedy faced with the most drastic crisis
of cold war, the Soviet Union had been caught
installing nuclear missiles in Cuba, close enough
to reach American Cities in a matter of minutes
THE COLD WAR

125. SIGNIFICANT
PERIODS OF
AMERICAN
HISTORY
• after the World War II, the Presidency has
alternated between Democrats and
Republicans, but Democrats had held
majorities in the Congress - both Houses of
Representatives and Senate
DECADES OF CHANGE

126. AMERICA
N

127. AMERICAN
ENGLISH
• have been created or changed from
other English terms to produce a
language that differs from our
forefathers, signifying our uniqueness
and independence
AMERICANISMS

128. AMERICAN
ENGLISH
• the English colonists began to notice
that their language was quite
different from that spoken in their
Motherland
1720

129. AMERICAN
ENGLISH
• the English were calling American’s
language as “barbarous” and referred
to “Americanisms” as barbarisms
1735

130. AMERICAN
ENGLISH
• the first official reference to the “American
dialect” was made by SAMUEL JOHNSON a
year after he published his Dictionary of
the English Language
1756

132. AMERICAN
ENGLISH
• NOAH WEBSTER wrote in his
Dissertations on the English language:
“The reasons for American English being
different than English are simple:
1789

133. AMERICAN
ENGLISH
• As an independent nation, our honor
requires us to have a system of our
own, in language as well as
government.”
1789

134. AMERICAN
ENGLISH
• when the US took its first census,
there were four million Americans,
90% of whom were descendants of
English colonist
1790

135. AMERICAN
ENGLISH
• words that were no longer used
in England
OBSOLETE

136. AMERICAN
ENGLISH
1.“groundhog” (an animal that didn’t exist in
England)
2. “lightning rod” (for whiskey and hundreds of
others)
3. “fork” (eating utensils; a branch of a road or a
river)
EXAMPLES:

137. AMERICAN
ENGLISH
• when the State of Illinois General Assembly
passed the act stating in the part: The official
language of the State of Illinois shall be
known hereafter as the “American” language
and not as the “English” languages
1923

138. AMERICAN
SOCIETY AND
CULTURE

139. AMERICAN
SOCIETY AND
CULTURE
CULTURE
• “encompasses religion, food, what we wear,
how we wear it, our language, marriage, music,
what we believe is right or wrong, how we sit
at the table, how we greet visitors, how we
behave with loved ones, and a million other
things,”

140. AMERICAN
SOCIETY AND
CULTURE
CULTURE
• said CRISTINA DE ROSSI, an anthropologist at
Barnet and Southgate College in London
AMERICAN CULTURE
• encompasses the customs and traditions of the
United States

141. AMERICAN
SOCIETY AND
CULTURE
UNITED STATES
• is the third largest country in the world with
a population of more than 325 million,
according to the U.S. Census Bureau
• a child is born every 8 seconds and a person
dies every 12 seconds

142. AMERICAN
SOCIETY AND
CULTURE
UNITED STATES
• U.S culture has also been shaped by the cultures
of:
1.NATIVE AMERICANS
2. LATIN AMERICANS
3. AFRICANS
4. ASIANS

143. AMERICAN
SOCIETY AND
CULTURE
UNITED STATES
• is sometimes described as a “MELTING
POT” in which different cultures have
contributed their own distinct
“flavors” to American culture

144. AMERICAN
SOCIETY AND
CULTURE
RELIGION
• about 71% of Americans identify
themselves as Christians, according to
information gathered by the Pew Research
Center, a nonpartisan research group in
2017

145. AMERICAN
SOCIETY AND
CULTURE
AMERICAN STYLE
• clothing styles vary by social status,
region, occupation, and climate
• jeans, sneakers, baseball caps, cowboy
hats, and boots are some items of clothing
that are associated with Americans

150. AMERICAN
SOCIETY AND
CULTURE
AMERICAN STYLE
WELL-KNOWN AMERICAN BRANDS
1.Ralph Lauren
2.Calvin Klein
3.Michael Kors
4.Victoria Secret

151. AMERICAN
SOCIETY AND
CULTURE
AMERICAN FASHION
• is widely influenced by celebrities and
the media, and fashion sales equal
around $200 billion per year, according
to a paper published by Harvard
University in 2007

152. AMERICAN
SOCIETY AND
CULTURE
THE ARTS
• the United States is widely known
around the world as a leader in
mass media production, including
television and movies

153. Thank
You!