The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
MTA was developed as a dental repair material and is composed primarily of Portland cement, bismuth oxide, and calcium sulfate. There are two types, gray and white. MTA is biocompatible, alkaline, and promotes hard tissue formation. It has applications in root-end fillings, perforation repairs, apexification, and pulp capping. Some disadvantages include long setting time and difficulty in manipulation.
This document discusses factors to consider when selecting abutment teeth for fixed partial dentures. It outlines Ante's law which states the root surface area of abutment teeth should be greater than or equal to the teeth being replaced. Ideal abutments have adequate root length and bone support, proper crown-root ratio, and good periodontal health. Other considerations include a patient's occlusion, arch form, oral health, and long-term prognosis of the abutment teeth. Careful evaluation of anatomical, functional and biological factors is necessary for successful abutment selection and long-term outcomes.
Evaluation Methods of Depth of Cure for Dental.pptxTamer Hamdy
This document discusses various methods for evaluating the depth of cure of dental resin composite materials, including thickness measurements, scraping technique, hardness tests, atomic force microscopy, glass transition temperature measurements, and degree of conversion measurements using differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared or micro-Raman spectroscopy. No single technique can fully characterize the complex curing behavior, so a combination is typically used to evaluate factors like light absorption, scattering, filler properties, and how well material cures at different depths.
This document provides an introduction to removable partial dentures (RPDs). It defines key terminology like prosthesis, dentulous, edentulous, and abutment. It discusses the objectives and indications for RPDs, including preserving remaining tissues, replacing missing teeth, restoring function and esthetics. It also covers classifications of partial edentulism, components of RPDs like bases, teeth, and connectors, and different materials that can be used like acrylic and metal. Hazards of improper RPD design and advantages over fixed partial dentures are summarized.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Applications of ultrasonics in endodonticsMettinaAngela
This document discusses various applications of ultrasonics in endodontics. It covers topics like ultrasonic retreatment to remove gutta percha fillings, using ultrasonics for access refinement and to manage calcifications, removing separated instruments from the root canal, and retrieving old posts. Ultrasonics provides benefits for these procedures like more efficient removal of materials, enhanced safety and control, and minimal damage to tooth structure compared to other techniques. Specific tips, techniques and case reports are presented for different clinical applications of ultrasonics in endodontic retreatment and procedures.
A bite registration is used to record how the upper and lower teeth fit together. It involves placing soft wax between the dental arches and having the patient bite down to make an impression. This impression is then used to position study models accurately relative to one another. Specifically, baseplate wax or modeling wax is softened and placed in the mouth to capture the occlusal surfaces. The patient bites down firmly until the wax hardens, and then it is removed and disinfected for use in articulating dental models.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
MTA was developed as a dental repair material and is composed primarily of Portland cement, bismuth oxide, and calcium sulfate. There are two types, gray and white. MTA is biocompatible, alkaline, and promotes hard tissue formation. It has applications in root-end fillings, perforation repairs, apexification, and pulp capping. Some disadvantages include long setting time and difficulty in manipulation.
This document discusses factors to consider when selecting abutment teeth for fixed partial dentures. It outlines Ante's law which states the root surface area of abutment teeth should be greater than or equal to the teeth being replaced. Ideal abutments have adequate root length and bone support, proper crown-root ratio, and good periodontal health. Other considerations include a patient's occlusion, arch form, oral health, and long-term prognosis of the abutment teeth. Careful evaluation of anatomical, functional and biological factors is necessary for successful abutment selection and long-term outcomes.
Evaluation Methods of Depth of Cure for Dental.pptxTamer Hamdy
This document discusses various methods for evaluating the depth of cure of dental resin composite materials, including thickness measurements, scraping technique, hardness tests, atomic force microscopy, glass transition temperature measurements, and degree of conversion measurements using differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared or micro-Raman spectroscopy. No single technique can fully characterize the complex curing behavior, so a combination is typically used to evaluate factors like light absorption, scattering, filler properties, and how well material cures at different depths.
This document provides an introduction to removable partial dentures (RPDs). It defines key terminology like prosthesis, dentulous, edentulous, and abutment. It discusses the objectives and indications for RPDs, including preserving remaining tissues, replacing missing teeth, restoring function and esthetics. It also covers classifications of partial edentulism, components of RPDs like bases, teeth, and connectors, and different materials that can be used like acrylic and metal. Hazards of improper RPD design and advantages over fixed partial dentures are summarized.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Applications of ultrasonics in endodonticsMettinaAngela
This document discusses various applications of ultrasonics in endodontics. It covers topics like ultrasonic retreatment to remove gutta percha fillings, using ultrasonics for access refinement and to manage calcifications, removing separated instruments from the root canal, and retrieving old posts. Ultrasonics provides benefits for these procedures like more efficient removal of materials, enhanced safety and control, and minimal damage to tooth structure compared to other techniques. Specific tips, techniques and case reports are presented for different clinical applications of ultrasonics in endodontic retreatment and procedures.
A bite registration is used to record how the upper and lower teeth fit together. It involves placing soft wax between the dental arches and having the patient bite down to make an impression. This impression is then used to position study models accurately relative to one another. Specifically, baseplate wax or modeling wax is softened and placed in the mouth to capture the occlusal surfaces. The patient bites down firmly until the wax hardens, and then it is removed and disinfected for use in articulating dental models.
Ultrasonic inserts can be used for various applications in endodontics including surgical endodontics and non-surgical endodontics. Piezoelectric ultrasonic inserts vibrate linearly and are preferred over magnetostrictive inserts. They are classified based on design and use. Applications include root-end cavity preparation for surgery, removing obstructions like posts or separated instruments, and improving irrigant flow and effectiveness. Different tip designs are suited to specific tasks. Proper power settings and technique are important for safe and effective use.
This document discusses the use of sonics and ultrasonics in endodontics. It begins with an introduction and history of endosonics. It then covers the physics behind ultrasonics and sonics. Next, it discusses the biophysical effects of endosonics like cavitation and acoustic streaming. It provides an overview of irrigants and compares ultrasonics and sonics. It analyzes the use of ultrasonics and sonics for various endodontic procedures like shaping canals, debridement, post removal and offers a conclusion with references.
Indirect restorations are fabricated outside of the mouth using laboratory processed composites or ceramics. They are indicated for large defects or esthetic areas and provide better physical properties than direct composites. However, they have increased costs and time. Tooth preparation for indirect restorations requires rounded line angles, occlusal convergence, and extension to sound tooth structure. Impressions are needed to fabricate the restoration on a working cast.
This document discusses the use of ultrasound in endodontics. It describes two main methods of ultrasound production: magnetostriction and piezoelectric. Piezoelectric units are preferred as they produce linear motion without heat. Applications of ultrasound include access preparation, removing obstructions, activating irrigants, condensing gutta-percha, placing MTA, and surgical procedures like root-end cavity preparation and placement of root-end filling material. Ultrasound offers benefits like cleaner canals, less invasive surgery, and better filling of materials. A variety of tips are available for different procedures.
Ceramic inlays and onlays have improved as dental materials over time. They are indicated for small to moderate carious lesions, large lesions, endodontically treated teeth, and situations where metal is contraindicated. Contraindications include parafunction, poor oral hygiene, and inability to maintain isolation. Advantages include esthetics, strength, and biocompatibility, while disadvantages include cost, technique sensitivity, and inability to repair. Clinical procedures involve tooth preparation, impression, try-in, and cementation using bonding systems and resin cements to achieve adhesion between tooth and restoration.
The document discusses the evolution of electronic apex locators from early resistance-based devices to current multi-frequency impedance-based models. It describes the different generations of apex locators, including their modes of operation and relative accuracies. Recommendations are provided for optimizing the use of electronic apex locators in clinical practice, such as using irrigants, re-checking measurements after canal shaping, and ensuring a stable reading is obtained.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
An inlay is an indirect restoration that is constructed outside the mouth from materials like gold or porcelain and then cemented into a prepared tooth cavity. An onlay is similar to an inlay but covers one or more cusps and adjoining occlusal surface. Inlays and onlays are used for large restorations, weakened teeth, teeth at risk of fracture, and dental rehabilitation with metals. They have strengths like strength, biocompatibility, and controlling contours but also have disadvantages like higher costs and technique sensitivity. They can be made using direct or indirect methods.
Laser technology provides several benefits for prosthodontic and implant dentistry procedures. Lasers allow for precise soft and hard tissue incisions, coagulation to control bleeding, and reduction of postoperative pain and swelling. The erbium family of lasers can be used for soft tissue procedures as well as bone removal or contouring. This makes lasers useful for denture support surgery like vestibuloplasty and tuberosity reduction. Lasers also aid in second stage implant surgery by providing a dry, clean surgical site for immediate impressions. While many lasers can be used, erbium and carbon dioxide lasers interact minimally with dental implants.
This document discusses surgical removal of teeth and roots. It provides indications for surgical removal such as teeth that resist forceps extraction, brittle teeth, impacted teeth, and teeth requiring extensive bone removal. The principles of transalveolar extraction are outlined, including radiographic examination, accessing the field through a mucoperiosteal flap, reducing resistance through bone removal and/or tooth sectioning, removing tooth structure using elevators, debridement, and closure. Specific techniques are described for creating flaps, reducing bone, sectioning teeth, and using various elevators, burs, chisels, and rongeurs to carefully and safely remove impacted or embedded teeth and roots.
This document describes several methods for duplicating dentures, including the modified denture flask method. The key steps are:
1. Evaluating the original denture for defects and fit.
2. Attaching a wax sprue to the original denture.
3. Making an impression of the denture using alginate in a denture flask.
4. Pouring resin into the impression to duplicate the denture.
The goal is to produce a replica denture with a similar fit and appearance to replace a deteriorated original denture.
The document discusses the components and function of dental implants. There are two main components: fixtures, which interface with bone, and abutments, which connect to fixtures and support prosthetics. Accessories include cover screws, gingival formers, implant analogues, and impression copings. Fixtures integrate with bone via osseointegration. Abutments connect prosthetics like crowns or bridges to fixtures. Together, the components replace missing teeth and preserve bone through osseointegration.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses the first stage of comprehensive orthodontic treatment. The goals of the first stage are to align the teeth and correct vertical discrepancies by leveling the dental arches. Various techniques for archwire selection and tooth alignment are discussed, including for situations involving symmetric and asymmetric crowding, crossbites, impacted or unerupted teeth, diastema closure, and premolar extractions. Factors such as archwire material, size, and distance between attachments that influence tooth movement are also covered.
This document discusses various irrigation devices used in endodontics. It describes manual irrigation devices like syringes, brushes, and dynamic agitation. It also discusses machine-assisted devices like rotary brushes, sonic devices, ultrasonic irrigation, and pressure alternation devices like the EndoVac system. Recent advances discussed include lasers, light-activated disinfection, electrochemically activated water, and oxidative potential water.
Flexible removable partial dentures are made of thermoplastic resins like nylon that are more flexible than traditional acrylic partial dentures. They are easier to insert when there are undercuts in the dental arches. Flexible partial dentures distribute stress along the gums better than rigid partial dentures, causing less damage to oral tissues and greater comfort. While flexible dentures have advantages over traditional partial dentures, disadvantages include the potential for tooth detachment and staining over time.
This document compares and contrasts microabrasion and macroabrasion techniques for treating tooth discoloration. Microabrasion involves using a paste of hydrochloric acid and pumice or silicon carbide to dissolve and abrade the enamel surface. It is a conservative treatment that removes only superficial stains. Macroabrasion uses diamond or carbide burs to remove defects at a faster rate but with less control than microabrasion. Both techniques can improve the appearance of teeth affected by conditions like fluorosis but microabrasion allows for better control and more conservative removal of tooth structure.
This document discusses root canal obturation and provides guidelines for optimal root canal filling. It outlines the goals of obturation as completely filling the canal system's complex anatomy with hermetic sealing agents. Objectives include preventing reinfection and creating an environment for healing. Ideal filling materials are described. The steps of obturation include rubber dam application, verifying preparation completion, fitting and condensing the master cone and accessory gutta percha cones. Radiographic evaluation criteria are provided and underfills are discussed as incomplete obturations that cannot be corrected with increased force. Non-surgical retreatment removes filling materials to regain access to the canal system.
SELECTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL TEETHShankar Hemam
This document discusses the selection and arrangement of artificial teeth for complete denture prostheses. It covers factors to consider for anterior tooth selection such as shade, size, and form. Shade is determined by age, sex, complexion and patient preference. Size is selected based on methods using pre-extraction guides, anthropological measurements, theoretical concepts, and anatomical landmarks. Form is based on the patient's face shape, profile, and concepts of dentogenics and dynesthetics which aim to create natural-looking teeth. The document also discusses posterior tooth selection and common errors in tooth arrangement.
Ultrasonik Kaynak Makinaları ve Ultrasonik Otomasyon Sistemleri, ultrasonik güç kaynağı, piezo çevirici ve horn adı verilen kaynak kalıbından oluşmaktadır. Sonikel Ultrasonik, ultrasonik kaynak ve ultrasonik kesim konusunda sektörü bilgilendirmekte ve eğitimler vermektedir.
Ultrasonic inserts can be used for various applications in endodontics including surgical endodontics and non-surgical endodontics. Piezoelectric ultrasonic inserts vibrate linearly and are preferred over magnetostrictive inserts. They are classified based on design and use. Applications include root-end cavity preparation for surgery, removing obstructions like posts or separated instruments, and improving irrigant flow and effectiveness. Different tip designs are suited to specific tasks. Proper power settings and technique are important for safe and effective use.
This document discusses the use of sonics and ultrasonics in endodontics. It begins with an introduction and history of endosonics. It then covers the physics behind ultrasonics and sonics. Next, it discusses the biophysical effects of endosonics like cavitation and acoustic streaming. It provides an overview of irrigants and compares ultrasonics and sonics. It analyzes the use of ultrasonics and sonics for various endodontic procedures like shaping canals, debridement, post removal and offers a conclusion with references.
Indirect restorations are fabricated outside of the mouth using laboratory processed composites or ceramics. They are indicated for large defects or esthetic areas and provide better physical properties than direct composites. However, they have increased costs and time. Tooth preparation for indirect restorations requires rounded line angles, occlusal convergence, and extension to sound tooth structure. Impressions are needed to fabricate the restoration on a working cast.
This document discusses the use of ultrasound in endodontics. It describes two main methods of ultrasound production: magnetostriction and piezoelectric. Piezoelectric units are preferred as they produce linear motion without heat. Applications of ultrasound include access preparation, removing obstructions, activating irrigants, condensing gutta-percha, placing MTA, and surgical procedures like root-end cavity preparation and placement of root-end filling material. Ultrasound offers benefits like cleaner canals, less invasive surgery, and better filling of materials. A variety of tips are available for different procedures.
Ceramic inlays and onlays have improved as dental materials over time. They are indicated for small to moderate carious lesions, large lesions, endodontically treated teeth, and situations where metal is contraindicated. Contraindications include parafunction, poor oral hygiene, and inability to maintain isolation. Advantages include esthetics, strength, and biocompatibility, while disadvantages include cost, technique sensitivity, and inability to repair. Clinical procedures involve tooth preparation, impression, try-in, and cementation using bonding systems and resin cements to achieve adhesion between tooth and restoration.
The document discusses the evolution of electronic apex locators from early resistance-based devices to current multi-frequency impedance-based models. It describes the different generations of apex locators, including their modes of operation and relative accuracies. Recommendations are provided for optimizing the use of electronic apex locators in clinical practice, such as using irrigants, re-checking measurements after canal shaping, and ensuring a stable reading is obtained.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
An inlay is an indirect restoration that is constructed outside the mouth from materials like gold or porcelain and then cemented into a prepared tooth cavity. An onlay is similar to an inlay but covers one or more cusps and adjoining occlusal surface. Inlays and onlays are used for large restorations, weakened teeth, teeth at risk of fracture, and dental rehabilitation with metals. They have strengths like strength, biocompatibility, and controlling contours but also have disadvantages like higher costs and technique sensitivity. They can be made using direct or indirect methods.
Laser technology provides several benefits for prosthodontic and implant dentistry procedures. Lasers allow for precise soft and hard tissue incisions, coagulation to control bleeding, and reduction of postoperative pain and swelling. The erbium family of lasers can be used for soft tissue procedures as well as bone removal or contouring. This makes lasers useful for denture support surgery like vestibuloplasty and tuberosity reduction. Lasers also aid in second stage implant surgery by providing a dry, clean surgical site for immediate impressions. While many lasers can be used, erbium and carbon dioxide lasers interact minimally with dental implants.
This document discusses surgical removal of teeth and roots. It provides indications for surgical removal such as teeth that resist forceps extraction, brittle teeth, impacted teeth, and teeth requiring extensive bone removal. The principles of transalveolar extraction are outlined, including radiographic examination, accessing the field through a mucoperiosteal flap, reducing resistance through bone removal and/or tooth sectioning, removing tooth structure using elevators, debridement, and closure. Specific techniques are described for creating flaps, reducing bone, sectioning teeth, and using various elevators, burs, chisels, and rongeurs to carefully and safely remove impacted or embedded teeth and roots.
This document describes several methods for duplicating dentures, including the modified denture flask method. The key steps are:
1. Evaluating the original denture for defects and fit.
2. Attaching a wax sprue to the original denture.
3. Making an impression of the denture using alginate in a denture flask.
4. Pouring resin into the impression to duplicate the denture.
The goal is to produce a replica denture with a similar fit and appearance to replace a deteriorated original denture.
The document discusses the components and function of dental implants. There are two main components: fixtures, which interface with bone, and abutments, which connect to fixtures and support prosthetics. Accessories include cover screws, gingival formers, implant analogues, and impression copings. Fixtures integrate with bone via osseointegration. Abutments connect prosthetics like crowns or bridges to fixtures. Together, the components replace missing teeth and preserve bone through osseointegration.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses the first stage of comprehensive orthodontic treatment. The goals of the first stage are to align the teeth and correct vertical discrepancies by leveling the dental arches. Various techniques for archwire selection and tooth alignment are discussed, including for situations involving symmetric and asymmetric crowding, crossbites, impacted or unerupted teeth, diastema closure, and premolar extractions. Factors such as archwire material, size, and distance between attachments that influence tooth movement are also covered.
This document discusses various irrigation devices used in endodontics. It describes manual irrigation devices like syringes, brushes, and dynamic agitation. It also discusses machine-assisted devices like rotary brushes, sonic devices, ultrasonic irrigation, and pressure alternation devices like the EndoVac system. Recent advances discussed include lasers, light-activated disinfection, electrochemically activated water, and oxidative potential water.
Flexible removable partial dentures are made of thermoplastic resins like nylon that are more flexible than traditional acrylic partial dentures. They are easier to insert when there are undercuts in the dental arches. Flexible partial dentures distribute stress along the gums better than rigid partial dentures, causing less damage to oral tissues and greater comfort. While flexible dentures have advantages over traditional partial dentures, disadvantages include the potential for tooth detachment and staining over time.
This document compares and contrasts microabrasion and macroabrasion techniques for treating tooth discoloration. Microabrasion involves using a paste of hydrochloric acid and pumice or silicon carbide to dissolve and abrade the enamel surface. It is a conservative treatment that removes only superficial stains. Macroabrasion uses diamond or carbide burs to remove defects at a faster rate but with less control than microabrasion. Both techniques can improve the appearance of teeth affected by conditions like fluorosis but microabrasion allows for better control and more conservative removal of tooth structure.
This document discusses root canal obturation and provides guidelines for optimal root canal filling. It outlines the goals of obturation as completely filling the canal system's complex anatomy with hermetic sealing agents. Objectives include preventing reinfection and creating an environment for healing. Ideal filling materials are described. The steps of obturation include rubber dam application, verifying preparation completion, fitting and condensing the master cone and accessory gutta percha cones. Radiographic evaluation criteria are provided and underfills are discussed as incomplete obturations that cannot be corrected with increased force. Non-surgical retreatment removes filling materials to regain access to the canal system.
SELECTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL TEETHShankar Hemam
This document discusses the selection and arrangement of artificial teeth for complete denture prostheses. It covers factors to consider for anterior tooth selection such as shade, size, and form. Shade is determined by age, sex, complexion and patient preference. Size is selected based on methods using pre-extraction guides, anthropological measurements, theoretical concepts, and anatomical landmarks. Form is based on the patient's face shape, profile, and concepts of dentogenics and dynesthetics which aim to create natural-looking teeth. The document also discusses posterior tooth selection and common errors in tooth arrangement.
Ultrasonik Kaynak Makinaları ve Ultrasonik Otomasyon Sistemleri, ultrasonik güç kaynağı, piezo çevirici ve horn adı verilen kaynak kalıbından oluşmaktadır. Sonikel Ultrasonik, ultrasonik kaynak ve ultrasonik kesim konusunda sektörü bilgilendirmekte ve eğitimler vermektedir.
C:\Documents And Settings\Pc\Desktop\Difraktometre çEşItleri Ve Veri Toplama
endodonti'de sonik ve ultrasonik cihazlar FELAN
1.
2. Ultrasonik titreşimler ses dalgalarıyla aynı
tipte ancak frekansları daha fazla olan
mekanik titreşimlerdir.
İnsan kulağı 16 Hz -20 kHz arasındaki sesleri
duyabilir.
Ultrasonik titreşimler (25 - 40 kHz)
magnetostriktif veya piezoelektrik etki
sonucu elde edilir.
Sonik cihazlar 2-3 kHz frekans aralığında
titreşimler oluştururlar.
3. Nod - antinode
Ultrasoniklere göre
daha az agresiftirler.
Ultrasonik sistemlerin
yüksek frekanslarını
elimine etmek
amacıyla
üretilmişlerdir.
Havalı başlıkları
ünit’e takılarak
kullanılır.
4. MAGNETOSTRİKTİF US
Magnetostriktif çubuk
Manyetik alan
Çalışan uç daha fazla
eliptik hareket gösterir.
Ciddi ölçüde sıcaklık
oluşturur.
Su soğutma sistemi
ihtiyacı vardır.
PİEZOELEKTRİK US
Piezoelektrik kristal
Elektriksel akım
Hareket ileri-geridir.
Sadece çalışan ucun
temas ettiği yerde
sürtünmesel ısı oluşur.
Soğutma ihtiyacı
yoktur.
* Piezoelektrik iletken eğe’ye daha fazla enerji iletir. Magnetostriktif sisteme
göre daha güçlüdür.
5. Kök kanallarına girişi geliştirmek
Pulpa taşlarının uzaklaştırılması
Kök kanallarının irrigasyonu
Postların, kanal içinde kırılmış kanal aletlerinin ve
kanalları tıkayan diğer artıkların uzaklaştırılması
Kanal patlarının kök kanal duvarlarına dağıtılması
Güta-perka kanal dolgusunun kondansasyonu
Periapikal cerrahi işlemler
Beyazlatma sırasında dentin geçirgenliğinin
arttırılması
Çok sert simanın kök kanalından uzaklaştırılması
6. Kanallara girişi geliştirmek için çok sayıda
dönen frezler mevcuttur.
Ultrasonikler yüksek kesme etkinlikleri
olmalarına rağmen rotasyon yapmazlar
bu yüzden daha güvenli ve kontrollüdürler.
Özellikle üst molarlar’da MB2’yi bulurken
ya da diğer dişlerin aksesuar kanallarında,
ve sekonder dentini uzaklaştırırken
US’lerden yararlanırız.
7.
8. 1. Kırık aletlerin uzaklaştırılması
“Staging platform” oluşturulur.
Daha sonra uygun ultrasonik uçlarla kırık
aletin koronal ucunda çevresel bir boşluk
oluşturulur.
Ni-ti aletler ultrasonik enerji karşısında
parçalanmaya, kanal içinde tekrar
kırılmaya eğilimlidirler. Paslanmaz çelikler
ni-ti lere göre daha dirençlidirler.
9.
10. Ultrasonik uçlar daha önce oluşturulmuş
iskelet platformda aletin koronalde görülen
ucu ile diş dokusu arasına sokulup saat
yönünün tersine uygulanır.
Bu, kırık fragmanı yerinden oynatıcı, sökücü
etki gösterir.
Bazen kırık alet koronal yönde kendiliğinden
sıçrayabilir.
Uzun ve ince uçlar, düşük ayarlarda
kullanılmalıdır.
17. Kanal içindeki bir postu uzaklaştırırken post
ve kanal arasındaki yapıştırıcı simanı
kırabilmek için daha kalın bir uç kullanılır.
Kökün içinde sıkışan kısmı ile kök dışında
kalan kısım en az aynı boyda olmalıdır.
Rezin bazlı simanlar ile yerleştirilen postlarda
ultrason etkisiz kalmaktadır.
18. Post sökümünde önemli olan post ile diş yapısı
arasındaki yapıştırıcı siman yapısını
çözebilmektir.
Ultrasonikler işlem sırasında ısı yayarlar ve bu ısı
dentin ve periodontal ligament vasıtasıyla
iletilir. Kök dışında 10 dereceden daha yüksek ısı
artışlarında;
PDL’de geridönüşümsüz hasarlar
Kemikte nekroz
Dentinde rezorbsiyon olabilmektedir.
19. Bu yüzden piezoelektrik sistemlerde
bile su ile soğutma göz önünde
bulundurulmalıdır. Uzun süre
ultrasonikler uygulanmamalıdır.
Isı transferinde;
uzunluk
çap
postun konumu
post materyalinin türü*
dentin kalınlığı gibi faktörler önemlidir.
20.
21.
22. Radyografik değerlendirmeler iyi yapılmalıdır.
Ultrasoniklerle açılan çevresel boşluk etrafındaki
dentin miktarına dikkat edilmelidir
Seramik ve metal postlar ısıyı daha rahat
iletirler.
Ultrasonik uçların ucuna kadar ulaşabilen su
soğutma sistemleri
Ultrasonik enerji uygulanırken yeterli aralar
verilmelidir.
Diğer soğutucuları kullanmaktan
kaçınılmamalıdır. (etil klorid vs.)
Gerektiğinde ultrasonik enerjiye ek olarak post-çekiciler
gibi mekanik aletlerin kullanımından
çekinilmemelidir.
23. Gümüş konlar yumuşak materyallerdir. Frezin yanlış
yönlendirilmesi konda hasara, aşınmaya ve vakada
hatalara sebep olabilir. Bu yüzden ultrasonik uçların
kullanımı tercih edilmelidir.
Ultrasonik uçlarla daha kontrollü bir şekilde gümüş
konlara temas etmeden dentin temizlenir.
Daha sonra forseps ya da hemostat ile kolayca
gümüş kon yerinden çıkarılır.
Yeterli ulaşım sağlandığında gümüş kona
uygulanan forsepse ultrasonik uçlar temas ettirilerek
dolaylı yoldan gümüş konu aşırmadan US enerji
uygulanmış olur.
25. İrrigasyon solusyonları 2 yönde etki
gösterirler:
Mekanik durulama yeteneği
Kimyasal etki
Sıvının ultrasonik vibrasyonu sırasında 2
türlü fiziksel etki gözlenir;
A. Akustik streaming (akustik akım)
B. Kavitasyon
26.
27. Temizlenmesi zor alanlar:
Çift kanallar arası anastamozlar
İstmuslar
Kompleks kanal sistemleri
28. 1. Daha çok dentin artığı, bakteri ve pulpa
dokusu uzaklaştırılmaktadır.
2. Meydana gelen ısı artışıyla NaOCl’nin
antibakteriyel ve organik doku çözücü
potansiyeli artış göstermektedir.
3. US enerji EDTA’nın etkinliğinde pek değişiklik
yapmamıştır.
4. Yüksek frekanstaki ses dalgalarının daha
etkili bir akustik akış oluşturmasından dolayı,
ultrasonik irrigasyon sonik irigasyondan
daha etkilidir
30. Endodontik cerrahi
Sonic ve ultrasonik uçlar 1990ların
başlarında endodontik cerrahide yaygınca
kullanılmaya başlandı.
Rotasyonla dönen frezlerin dezavantajları:
1. Kök ucuna ulaşımın zorluğu
2. Kanala paralel olmayan preparasyonlar
3. Kökün lingual perforasyon ihtimali
4. Yetersiz derinlikte preparasyon
31. Ultrasonik uçların avantajları:
o Daha derin ve konservatif kaviteler
o Orijinal kanal yoluna uygun bir preparasyon
o daha merkezsel bir preparasyon ve lateral
perforasyonların önlenmesi
o İki kanallı dişlerle istmus yapılarının
kaldırılmasına olanak sağlar.
o Daha az smear tabakası
o Daha az zamanda daha az komplikasyon
yaratan bir yöntemdir.
Dezavantjları:
o Çatlak ve mikrofraktürler
32.
33.
34. Gütta perka’nın ultrasonik
kondensasyonu
MTA yerleştirilmesi
Kök kanal preparasyon
Kanal patlarının kök kanal duvarlarına
dağıtılması
Beyazlatma sırasında dentin
geçirgenliğinin arttırılması
Çok sert simanın kök kanalından
uzaklaştırılması
Gütta perkanın uzaklaştırılması
Ultrasonik uçlar kanalın ortasında konumlandırılmalı, kanal duvarlarına temas göstermemelidir.
Güç ayarının ve uç tasarımının etkili olduğu gorülmektedir.
Diamond coated SS US retrouçlar
İriganın (%1 NaOCI ya da %17 EDTA)
pulpa odasında ultrasonik aktivasyonu, dentin geçirgenliğini belirgin bir şekilde
Artırmaktadır. kavite duvarlarına temas ettirilmeden kullanılmıştır
Titreşim sonucu siman tozlaşır ve devamlı
irigasyonun etkisi ile parçalanan siman koroner kısımdan dışarı akar.Bu işleme tüm
siman kök kanalından uzaklaştırılıncaya kadar devam edilir.Klinik araştırmalar bu
işlemin zaman kazandırıcı olduğunu gösterse de eğelerin kırılması olasılığı önemli bir
komplikasyondur.Eğri kanallarda kanalın şekli değişebilir.Bunu önleyebilmek için sık
sık film çekilmeli ve eğenin izlediği yol kontrol edilmelidir.Tüm simana ulaşmak veya
kök kanalını aletlerle genişletmek mümkün olmuyorsa cerrahi müdahale gerekebilir
Smooth SS US’ler daha az kırık formasayonu yapmışlar.
BUC -1 Pulpa tavanını kaldırmada
canal ağızlarına ulaşmada ve geliştirmede
MB2 kanalı bulmada, mesial duvarı düzeltmede
BUC -1A ucu BUC-1 tarzında üretilmişdir ancak daha dardır. Özellikle retreatment vakalarında tek kökteki iki kanal arasındaki isthmus yapılarını kaldırmada kullanılır.
kırık aletleri çıkarmada daha uygundur.
BUC -2pulpa taşlarını kaldırmada çok etkilidir. Tasarımından dolayı pulpa tabanında aşındırma yapmaz. Buc-2a daha ufak bir versiyonudur ve keskin köşeleri düzeltmede etkilidir.
BUC-3 çok keskin ucu vardır. Kalsifiye kanallarda apikale doğru aşındırmada ve postların etrafını serbestleştirmede kullanılırlar. BUC-3A daha dar yapılanması sebebiyle kökün ½ koronalinde kırılmış enstrümanların çıkartılmasında etkilidir.
IRRI = Ultrasonic irrigationREDO= RetreatmentCAVI = Access cavity preparationMAXI = Removal of metal posts