Endocrine (chapter 11)
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The document discusses the endocrine system and polydipsia. The endocrine system is a collection of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate the body. Polydipsia is a medical symptom where a patient experiences excessive thirst.
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Blood
Blood performs several essential functions in the body:
1) It transports oxygen from the lungs to cells and carbon dioxide from cells to the lungs. It also transports nutrients from digestion to tissues and stores to tissues.
2) Blood carries hormones, vitamins, minerals, pigments, and enzymes to where they are needed in the body.
3) It maintains water balance and pH levels through buffers, and transports waste from cells to excretory organs.
Posterior pitutary
The posterior pituitary gland, also called the neurohypophysis, contains nerve endings from the hypothalamus that secrete two hormones: oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also called vasopressin). These hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary. ADH controls water conservation in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. Oxytocin aids milk ejection from the breasts during nursing and helps stimulate contractions during childbirth. Both ADH and oxytocin secretion are stimulated by increased extracellular fluid osmolarity and decreased blood volume or pressure.
mbbs ims msu
1) Body fluid is primarily composed of water, which acts as the solvent for dissolved substances. Water content decreases with age from 80% in infants to 45-52% in adult females and 60-63% in adult males.
2) Body water is contained within intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. Fluid balance is maintained when water intake equals output through drinking, eating, and metabolic processes.
3) Key transport mechanisms move molecules across cell membranes, including diffusion, osmosis, and active and facilitated transport utilizing membrane channels and pumps. The kidneys play a key role in regulating fluid balance and electrolyte levels through reabsorption and secretion in the nephron.
Oxytocin and vasopressin
This document summarizes oxytocin and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone or ADH). It describes that oxytocin is secreted by the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary and acts on mammary glands to cause milk ejection and on the uterus to facilitate birth and transport of sperm. ADH is also secreted by the hypothalamus and pituitary and has two main actions - retaining water in the kidneys by increasing water reabsorption and vasoconstriction. Conditions of inappropriate hypersecretion and hyposecretion of each hormone are also summarized.
Lecture 19
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Endocrine system mt 11 f
The document defines several medical terminology terms related to secretion, thirst, urine, and blood. It explains that the endocrine system secretes hormones into the body to deliver messages to cells. It defines terms like oligodipsia and polydipsia related to abnormal levels of thirst. Terms are also defined for conditions related to urine, like aciduria and polyuria. The document concludes by defining terms for conditions related to blood, such as hyperkalemia and hemolytic anemia.
Digestive system
Colonoscopy is an endoscopic exam of the colon and small intestine using a camera on a flexible tube inserted through the anus. Hernioplasty is a surgical procedure to repair a hernia that can be done through incisions or laparoscopically. Lavage generally refers to cleaning or rinsing and includes several medical procedures like gastric lavage. A bite-wing x-ray shows the biting surfaces of top and bottom teeth on one film to detect cavities between teeth.
Lymphatic and immune system terms
Sarcoidosis is a disease characterized by abnormal collections of chronic inflammatory cells forming nodules in multiple organs. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder where red blood cells become rigid and sickle-shaped, increasing complications. Leukemia is a type of blood or bone marrow cancer defined by an abnormal increase of white blood cells, with four major types including acute or chronic lymphocytic or myelogenous leukemia.
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Blood performs several essential functions in the body:
1) It transports oxygen from the lungs to cells and carbon dioxide from cells to the lungs. It also transports nutrients from digestion to tissues and stores to tissues.
2) Blood carries hormones, vitamins, minerals, pigments, and enzymes to where they are needed in the body.
3) It maintains water balance and pH levels through buffers, and transports waste from cells to excretory organs.
Posterior pitutary
The posterior pituitary gland, also called the neurohypophysis, contains nerve endings from the hypothalamus that secrete two hormones: oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also called vasopressin). These hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary. ADH controls water conservation in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. Oxytocin aids milk ejection from the breasts during nursing and helps stimulate contractions during childbirth. Both ADH and oxytocin secretion are stimulated by increased extracellular fluid osmolarity and decreased blood volume or pressure.
mbbs ims msu
1) Body fluid is primarily composed of water, which acts as the solvent for dissolved substances. Water content decreases with age from 80% in infants to 45-52% in adult females and 60-63% in adult males.
2) Body water is contained within intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. Fluid balance is maintained when water intake equals output through drinking, eating, and metabolic processes.
3) Key transport mechanisms move molecules across cell membranes, including diffusion, osmosis, and active and facilitated transport utilizing membrane channels and pumps. The kidneys play a key role in regulating fluid balance and electrolyte levels through reabsorption and secretion in the nephron.
Oxytocin and vasopressin
This document summarizes oxytocin and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone or ADH). It describes that oxytocin is secreted by the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary and acts on mammary glands to cause milk ejection and on the uterus to facilitate birth and transport of sperm. ADH is also secreted by the hypothalamus and pituitary and has two main actions - retaining water in the kidneys by increasing water reabsorption and vasoconstriction. Conditions of inappropriate hypersecretion and hyposecretion of each hormone are also summarized.
Lecture 19
This document discusses water balance and homeostasis in the human body. It explains that water is contained in two fluid compartments - intracellular and extracellular. Fluid balance is maintained when water intake equals output through various means like drinking, eating, and excretion. Key regulators of fluid balance include antidiuretic hormone, thirst, aldosterone, and the sympathetic nervous system. Imbalances can result in conditions like hypervolemia, overhydration, hypovolemia, and dehydration.
Endocrine system mt 11 f
The document defines several medical terminology terms related to secretion, thirst, urine, and blood. It explains that the endocrine system secretes hormones into the body to deliver messages to cells. It defines terms like oligodipsia and polydipsia related to abnormal levels of thirst. Terms are also defined for conditions related to urine, like aciduria and polyuria. The document concludes by defining terms for conditions related to blood, such as hyperkalemia and hemolytic anemia.
Digestive system
Colonoscopy is an endoscopic exam of the colon and small intestine using a camera on a flexible tube inserted through the anus. Hernioplasty is a surgical procedure to repair a hernia that can be done through incisions or laparoscopically. Lavage generally refers to cleaning or rinsing and includes several medical procedures like gastric lavage. A bite-wing x-ray shows the biting surfaces of top and bottom teeth on one film to detect cavities between teeth.
Lymphatic and immune system terms
Sarcoidosis is a disease characterized by abnormal collections of chronic inflammatory cells forming nodules in multiple organs. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder where red blood cells become rigid and sickle-shaped, increasing complications. Leukemia is a type of blood or bone marrow cancer defined by an abnormal increase of white blood cells, with four major types including acute or chronic lymphocytic or myelogenous leukemia.
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The document discusses various medical imaging and procedures related to the urinary system. KUB refers to imaging of the kidneys, ureters and bladder. Cystoscopy involves endoscopy of the bladder through the urethra. ESWL uses shock waves to non-invasively treat kidney stones. UTI stands for urinary tract infection which is a bacterial infection of any part of the urinary tract that causes frequent urination and pain. RP refers to retrograde pyelogram where contrast is injected into the ureter to image the ureter and kidney.
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diverse human activities.
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changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
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- 3. Example ENDOCRINE System of glands, each of which secretes a type of hormone directly into the bloodstream to regulate the body
- 5. Example Polydipsia Polydipsiais a medical symptom in which the patient displays excessive thirst.