The document discusses various methods and materials for obturation of the root canal space. It describes the ideal properties of root canal filling materials like gutta-percha and sealers. Several techniques for obturation are outlined, including single cone, lateral compaction, vertical compaction, warm gutta-percha compaction, and thermoplasticized injectable gutta-percha. The importance of coronal sealing with temporary and permanent restorations is also highlighted.

1. • Obectlvesof obturatlon :
1. Total debrldement
2. Fluid tight seal
3. 3d obturatlon of RC system
• Study of endodontic success and failure
suggests:
Percolation pcriradicular exudate from the blood serum into
the incompletely filled canal the main cause of endodontic
failure.
• These products leaking from the apical foramen to produce
the pcriradicular inflammation.(physiochemical )
Extension ofthe Root Canal Filling
should be at the CDJ (0.5 to 1.0 mm from the radiographic apex)
Men to Obturate tbe Canal
I• When the canal is cleaned, shaped and dry.
2. After removal ofthe smear layer.
3. The tooth should be comfortable.
4. no foul odor.
5. The temporary filling is intact.
6. no sinus tract.
canal may be obtained with paper points, except in case
of apical periodontitis or growing cyst.
infected canal may increase postoperative
discomfort.
Ideal Root CanalFilling Material
1. Easily introduced
2. Seals the canal laterally and apically.
3. Not shrink after being inserted.
4. not affected moisture
5. Bacteriostatic
6. Radiopaque
7. Not stain the tooth.
8. Not irritate peri- radicular tissue.
9. Sterile or easily sterilized.
I 0. Easily n::movcu.
OBTURATION
Materials Used in Obturation
I. Solid-Core Materials
A. Gutta-percha
B, Sliver points
ll. The Sealers
A. Cements (Scalers)
I .Zinc-oxide eugenol
2. Calcium hydroxide
B. P/111(/c 11ndRnlna
I. AH26, AH Plus
2. Endo-fill
3, K~End.o (Glas5 ionomcr)
CP111te1
I. Chloropcrcha
2. lodoform pastes
Gutta-Percha
the material of choice.
two different forms, alpha (from tree) and beta
(commercial).
beta form has a melting point of640C and is more flexible.
Can be softened with chemical solvents.
expands" slightly on heating and shrinks as it return to body
temperature.
It becomes brittle as they age.
• standardized sizes coordinate with sizes of files.
• Non - standardized sizes are also present (extra- fine. fine-
fine. medium fine. fine medium, medium large, laree, and
extra-large).
· Can be disinfected by sodium hypochlorite.
iiillll
• Antibacterial gutta-percha 10% iodoform formulation
(newly developed). releasing free iodine for bacterial activity
• Active GP: Consists of a glass ionomer-impregnated gutta-
percha cone. Available in 0.04 and 0.06 tapered cones.
Composition
Gutta-percha 20%
Zinc Oxide 66%
Heavy metal sulfates 11%
Resins or waxes 3%
Advantages
I. excellent adaptation.
2. Can be softened by heat or organic solvent
(chloroform).
3. It is inert.
4. dimensional stability.
5. It is tissue tolerant (no- allergic)
6. Will not discolored the tooth structures.
7. It is radiopague.
8. Easly introduced and removed from the
canal.
Disadvantages
I. It lacks the adhering quality and a sealer is
needed.
2. It is difficult to introduce into a narrow root
canal.,
3. It has' a limited shelf life.
Dr M. Haroun

2. Materials Used in Obturation
Sealers (Cements)
• Gutta-percha or silver points are cemented in the canal by using sealers to
fonn fluid-tight seal at the apex..
• Also fill patent accessory canals and multiple foramens.
Zinc Oxide Ca Hydroxide Resin
Ideal Root Canal Sealer
l . Provide an excellent seal when seL
2.. Produce adhesion the canal walls and the filling material.
3. radiopaque.
4. non-staining.
5. dimensionally stable.
6. easily mixed and introduced into the canals.
7. easily removed .
8. insoluble in tissue fluids..
9. bactericidal or discourage bacterial growth.
10. non-irritating to perirad.icular tissue.
l l. set slowly to ensure sufficient working time .
12. Not provoke an immune response in periradicular tissue.
13. not mutagcn.ic no.r carcinogenic.
Sealers mayhave:
I. Ncuroco."<ic cfficls,
2. Prolonged effect on ncn-c transmission. and Paresthesia
ifexmdcd illto die iaferior alvcab.r canal
Methods of Obturating the Root Canal Space
I. Single Cone Method
Used when:
I. The canal walls are narrow and parallel.
2. The primary cone fits snuely in the apical third.
3. The canal is too wide (a custom cone be cused).
4. The canal prepared by NiTi rotary tiles (use erent taper gutta-percha).
II. Lateral Compaction (Condensation) Technique
Before obturation, several important steps must first be completed:
l. Spreader size determination.
2. Master cone size determination.
3. Drying the canal after irrigation.
4. Mix.ing and placement of the sealer.
'For placing sealer·
Spreadershould be previously tested to reach to within 2.0 -3.0 mm ofapical constriction
.!A ./1 ./!
fl:I .rt-~
The initial (master} point mav not go completelv into the full length due to:
I. The master file was not use to its full extenL
2. Difference btt.vecn the size of instruments and guna-percha. (manufacture error).
3. Debris was dislodged into the canal.

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i!~,::,tionofTubular (Immature) Canals
l. Aflaring foremen of a"blunderbuss" sh
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ape.
. A non-constrictive temun
· .us.
A large tubular canal obturated bv:
I. Apcxification {Ca(OH)2 or lv1TA}.
2 primary · th
· pomt at has been blunted by cutting off the tip.
3. lnvcrted point technique.
4· Using 8 large "tailor-made point''.
5. Revascuarization.
IV. Vertical Compaction ofWarm Gutta-percha
- Gutta--pcrcha is wanned in the canal and compacted vertically by Scbilder's pluggers (nine pluggers ) .
Procedure
I. Filling the master gutta-percha (cut back slightly short, 0.5-1.0m)
2. Pre-fitting the vertical pluggers (wider plugger for coronal 1/3, narrower plugger for middle 1/3, and narrowest for
apical 1/3).
3. Heat transfer instruments (designed much like a spreader or use Touch'n heat)
4. Root canal sealer (use Kerr Sealer).
V. Warm Sectional Gutta-percha Obturation
VJ. Obturation of Curved Canal
Can be performed by using;
I. Rotary Nickel-Titanium instruments.
2. Wanned guna-percha with vertical compaction (Schilder technique).
3. System B (Buchanan technique).
4. Obtura 11, Ultrafil System, orThermafil.
S. Routine lateral compaction with NiTi spreader.
VII. LatenVVertical Comp2etion of Warm GatD-percba Obturation
- By using Endotec II.
- Endotech combines the two obturation techniques; wann venical and the
lateral compaction.
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Dr/ M. Haroun

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~ bturating the Root Canal Space
VHI. Obturation bYThermo-mechanical Compaction of
Th
Gutta-percha
ermomech . l
• Mes anica Compaction of Gutta-Percha
paddcn compactor (re b
Th_
e heat gcncr.tcd b . frict~ le 3 rcvme Hedstrom file, flt Into hondpicce 8000 to 20,000 rpm).
ap1ca1ty. ) on softened lhc l!Jlto-pcrcho ond the design of the blodcs forced the moteriol
Disadvantages
l. Fragility and fracture.
2- Overfilling due to the difficulty in mastering the technique.
NiTi Condenser is m3de ofnickel titanium for flexibility.
I I
J 1
• A= Maillefer condensor
• B= McSpaddcn NiTi thermocompactor
· C= Quiclcfill compactor
• D= Zipperer thermocompactor
IX. Thermopalsticized Iniectable Gutta-Percha
Obtoration
By u, lng:
I . Obfu111 II
• The temperature is digitally controlled ( 160 c-200 c).
The needle size either 20 puge (equal 10 a sae 60 file) or 2J pup ( eqwal to II size 40 file).
• Regular be-la,phase ~percha or easy flow can be used.
- A define apical matrix is im nr.
2. Ultnlil Sptrm
Consists of:
a. An injection syringe.
b. Gutta-percha cannulas with a needle anached.
c. A small portable 120-V healer with present thcnnostatically controlled temper.tture.
X. obturation using solid -core carrier (manual insertion)
By using:
I. ThermaFil
2. Densfil
4. Successfil
5. SimpliFill
Dr/ M. Haroun

5. Methods orObturating the Root Canal Space
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LX T hermop I ti ·
· a s cized Injectable Gutta-Percha Obturation
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SimpliFill . ·~·---·...-·•-,....,.,-
A new two- h ed .
1 u' P as obturat1on method
· sc of a stainless st I · - ·
port. f ee earner to place and compact a 5mm gutta-percha segment mto the apical
•on o the canal.
2. Use a spcciall d . d . .
Y esigne synnge to backfill the remainder of the canal with Ketac-Endo sealer with
gutta-percha.
fN.;,J,/, ,..
Backfill Obturation Gun
• Cordless
• Heat insulated nose cone for safe handling
• Multiple heat settings
• No leakage, easy to clean
• Easy loading gutta-percha
• Swivel & non-swivel needle
- According to the manufacturer, LightSpeed NiTi in_strum~ntation is recom~end~d. .
Therefore, this technique conserves dentin (less flann_
g), simple, and no earners •~ left m the canal.
Furthennore, it eliminates additional internal forces smce no spreader or plugger 1s used to compact
the apical plug.
Advantages
I. Create an apical stop.
2. Confining irrigating solutions to the canal.
3. Preventing overfilling.
4. Minimizing periradicular inflammation.
5. Enhancing healing.
6. Stimulating apical cementum deposition.
7. Less leakage.
Aplcnl Thi rel Fllllnu
I. Dentin chlp9.
2 Calcium hydroxide,
J: Dcminerollzcd dentin.
ii, Lyophil lzcd bone.
5. Tricalci um phosphate.
6. Hydroxyopatltc.
7. Collagen.
Temporary Coronal Fimng Materials Id be made to
• Proper selection of a temJ?Or8!Y coronal filling, during or after treatment. shou
prevent bacterial cont31mm_
auon._ .
- Long-tenn temporizallons madvmble. . . · · Is over the
Coronal seal can be enhanced by application of s~pplemental restorative matena
cana! orifi~e and (final) restoradtodion as_
soolln ~ts~•~~-
th is immediately for tooth that needs
The ideal time to restore an en onuca Y u~" e
minimal restoration. with r · f bonded material
Another method to retard leakage is by covering the floor a rnrng ~O d
e.g. a resin-modified GIC, Imm thick, no bacterial l~e occurred at ays.
·Proiiemes ofGood Temporary Filling-Material · ·
I. Good sealing.
2. Lack ofporosity.
3. Good abrasion and compression resistance.
4. Easy of insertion and removal.
5. Compatibility with intra-canal medications.
6. Good esthetic appearance.
The leading temporary cement present on the market are:
I. Cavit
2. JRM (is a ZOE cement).
3. TERM (is a light-cure composite).
4. Zinc phosphate cement.
5. Polycarboxylate cement.
6. Glass ionomer.
7. SuperEBA cement.
Final Coronal Restoration (Microleakage) _ .
• Many root canal filling fail because of bacterial entry from leaking coronal restorauons as
fail from periradicular leakage.
- To prevent microleakage, one must use a new adhesive resin that can adhere to all tooth.
- It is recommended that retreatment of obturated tooth should be done if it has been exposed to
the oral cavity for at least 1 mooth
Dr/ M. Haroun