The document summarizes research on improving shea production in Nigeria. It discusses problems with the shea industry like long gestation periods and inadequate processing. It also details NIFOR's research on shea distribution, vegetative propagation techniques, and establishing seedlings. Tables show shea tree density varies by region and propagation methods. The research aims to characterize shea populations, introduce proven varieties, master grafting, and protect natural regeneration to genetically improve shea in Nigeria over the long term.
This document outlines the lesson plan for Module 6 Lesson 6. The aim is to teach drawing geometric shapes and prepare students for an exam on Friday by having them complete homework, an exit ticket, and a do now activity. It also explains how to use a ruler to measure lengths in centimeters and inches, a compass to draw circles by adjusting the radius, and a protractor to measure angles.
O documento descreve um programa do governo de São Paulo para capacitar técnicos e agricultores em técnicas de agricultura orgânica. O programa ensina métodos naturais de adubação do solo e controle de pragas sem uso de produtos químicos. O programa oferece cursos, visitas a propriedades orgânicas e linhas de crédito para incentivar mais agricultores a adotarem práticas orgânicas.
This document contains a survey of 5 students regarding their mobile phone usage. The survey asks about the number of text messages sent per day, their use of Facebook, how they mainly use their mobile phone, their favorite app, and where they upload photos. Most students send 500 texts or more per day. All students said they like Facebook and mainly use their phone to send texts or connect to the internet. Their favorite apps included Facebook, Skype, and Photoscape. Most upload photos to Facebook, while one student uses Twitter.
The document discusses how the magazine targets and addresses its audience of 16-24 year olds. It aims to attract both males and females through featuring popular male and female artists from both Britain and America. The magazine uses informal language and brief descriptions to suit its audience's preferences. Images and interviews of young, successful artists are used to attract readers and give insights into their favorite musicians. The front cover photo and styling aims to present the featured artist as mainstream and appealing to the target demographic.
Analytical skills are essential workplace skills that allow for problem solving to keep productivity and other workforce areas functioning smoothly and efficiently. These skills involve taking responsibility and fixing problems that arise. Having analytical skills ensures necessary problem solving occurs.
This document outlines the lesson plan for Module 6 Lesson 6. The aim is to teach drawing geometric shapes and prepare students for an exam on Friday by having them complete homework, an exit ticket, and a do now activity. It also explains how to use a ruler to measure lengths in centimeters and inches, a compass to draw circles by adjusting the radius, and a protractor to measure angles.
O documento descreve um programa do governo de São Paulo para capacitar técnicos e agricultores em técnicas de agricultura orgânica. O programa ensina métodos naturais de adubação do solo e controle de pragas sem uso de produtos químicos. O programa oferece cursos, visitas a propriedades orgânicas e linhas de crédito para incentivar mais agricultores a adotarem práticas orgânicas.
This document contains a survey of 5 students regarding their mobile phone usage. The survey asks about the number of text messages sent per day, their use of Facebook, how they mainly use their mobile phone, their favorite app, and where they upload photos. Most students send 500 texts or more per day. All students said they like Facebook and mainly use their phone to send texts or connect to the internet. Their favorite apps included Facebook, Skype, and Photoscape. Most upload photos to Facebook, while one student uses Twitter.
The document discusses how the magazine targets and addresses its audience of 16-24 year olds. It aims to attract both males and females through featuring popular male and female artists from both Britain and America. The magazine uses informal language and brief descriptions to suit its audience's preferences. Images and interviews of young, successful artists are used to attract readers and give insights into their favorite musicians. The front cover photo and styling aims to present the featured artist as mainstream and appealing to the target demographic.
Analytical skills are essential workplace skills that allow for problem solving to keep productivity and other workforce areas functioning smoothly and efficiently. These skills involve taking responsibility and fixing problems that arise. Having analytical skills ensures necessary problem solving occurs.
This document discusses different propagation methods for shea (Vitellaria paradoxa), including propagation by seed, air layering, and grafting.
Propagation by seed involves collecting seeds from mature trees and either planting them directly or after a pre-germination period. Air layering is done by girdling, wrapping, and allowing a branch to root before removing it from the tree. Grafting involves joining a scion from a mature tree to a rootstock to reduce the tree's maturity period. Both top grafting and side grafting techniques are used. Success rates for air layering and grafting of shea can be up to 65% and 80%, respectively. Proper timing, materials
Windows ofrece una variedad de accesorios para mejorar la productividad y la experiencia del usuario. Algunos de los accesorios más populares incluyen el Bloc de notas para editar archivos de texto, el Calculadora para realizar cálculos matemáticos y el Reproductor de medios para reproducir archivos de audio y video. Estos y otros accesorios de Windows están diseñados para ser fáciles de usar y brindan funciones básicas pero útiles para el usuario promedio.
Teachers and coaches play an important role in community youth sport and development programs by delivering engaging sessions tailored to participants' needs. Their strong relationships with participants are key to ensuring sessions are fun and beneficial. The Liverpool FC Foundation delivers a range of initiatives using sport to inspire positive changes among youth. They focus on increasing sport participation, improving life chances, social action, and supporting other charities. Their programs include Premier League 4 Sport, which engages youth in sports like football and badminton, and Kickz, which uses football to promote social inclusion and reduce crime in deprived areas. Coaches teach skills while aiming to achieve social objectives.
This resume summarizes Timothy P. Beutjer's career experience in sales management roles within the pharmaceutical industry spanning from 1984 to the present. Over his career, he has held several director and manager level positions with responsibilities like leading sales teams, exceeding sales quotas, and mentoring other managers. He has a track record of strong performance reviews and promotions. His resume emphasizes achievements like awards, salary increases, and rankings as a top performer among his peers.
The document describes the state of the earth before creation according to Genesis 1:2. It states that the earth was formless and empty, with darkness covering the deep (tehom) and God's spirit hovering over the waters. The Hebrew words "tohu wabohu" describing the earth as formless are explained, and other biblical references provide context about the primordial state of the earth before God brought form and order through creation.
What’s driving demand around the globe australia - james keldoulisMacadamiaSociety
The document discusses the Australian macadamia market. It provides statistics on Australian nut consumption and macadamia kernel sales by key markets from 2002-2011. Charts show macadamia retail volumes by category from 2010-2012 and compare macadamia and cashew pricing from 2007-2012. The document promotes macadamias as good for business and health.
Varietal improvement and conservation the australian macadamia improvement ...MacadamiaSociety
The document summarizes the Australian Macadamia Improvement Program, which has the goal of genetically improving macadamia trees. The program involves breeding, regional variety trials, conservation efforts, and screening for traits like husk spot and fruit spotting bugs. Breeding priorities include yield, quality, disease resistance, and tree size. The program follows a two-stage testing process, first evaluating seedling progeny and then grafted trees in regional trials. After over 20 years, the program expects to increase industry profits by 30% through higher-yielding varieties developed in the second generation of breeding.
Jesse Reader - Inspiring change in the Australian apple industryMacadamiaSociety
The document summarizes how the Australian apple industry increased production from 19 tons per hectare to 40 tons per hectare in 6 years through an intensive productivity and extension program led by AgFirst. Key factors in the industry's transformation included establishing clear production goals, benchmarking costs and returns, intensifying orchard planting densities and management practices, improving crop load regulation and quality, and providing growers with ongoing education through field days and technical resources. The success of the program demonstrates that significant gains are possible in other fruit industries like apples through collaborative effort and a willingness to challenge existing practices.
Richard Sampson Genest - Consumption around the globe today and predictions f...MacadamiaSociety
1) Asia, led by China and Japan, is driving increased global consumption of macadamias.
2) In Japan, macadamias are most popular as part of chocolate treats, and health benefits are a key driver of interest. Volume growth is expected to be modest.
3) China is currently focused on inshell macadamia imports for entertainment purposes, but the kernel market is growing and younger consumers may prefer it for convenience.
On farm innovations that increase production investing into soil profiling ...MacadamiaSociety
This document discusses rejuvenating a mature macadamia orchard that was 25 years old. The orchard was experiencing low yields, poor quality, tree diseases, and low returns. Practices were changed including increasing fertilizer, organic matter, pruning, watering, and bee activity. These changes led to increased yields, quality, soil and tree health, and decreased disease. Graphs show yield increases from 2006-2012 at three farms following these practices. The conclusion recommends regular pruning to increase sun exposure and consistent organic matter to improve soil health while maintaining fertilizer to balance the orchard rejuvenation.
Jolyon Burnett - Innovation and investment summaryMacadamiaSociety
The document summarizes the key themes from the 2014 AMS 40th Anniversary Industry Conference. The three big themes discussed were: 1) looking to other industries to increase productivity, 2) thinking globally and acting locally, and 3) challenging everything done and seeking continuous improvement. Specific topics covered under each theme included canopy management, pests/diseases, global nut supply, and setting ambitious productivity goals. The conference encouraged participants to pursue improvement with passion and to make progress each day.
Canopy management mature orchard canopy management – a 20 year grower’s per...MacadamiaSociety
Warren Elvery manages the 330 hectare Victoria Park Plantation with over 70,000 macadamia trees averaging 20-25 years old. He discusses various canopy management techniques to maximize yield and profits including tree training, pruning, topping, staghorning, sacrificial pruning, and phasing out/replanting trees. The goals are to maintain machinery access, increase light penetration deep into the canopy, and shape the tree structure for an active canopy that continues producing over the long term through a committed canopy management plan started early in the orchard's life.
Varietal improvement and conservation the economics of orchard renewal - da...MacadamiaSociety
1) Orchard replacement is worth considering for the apple industry to adopt new technologies and genetics that can increase productivity, pest and disease resistance, and fruit quality.
2) Growers may consider orchard replacement to renew orchards in decline, adopt improvements in productivity and traits, or replace trees after removal.
3) Orchard replacement has higher upfront costs than tree removal but can provide long term productivity gains, while tree removal only maintains stability and no gains. Minimizing lost production time during replacement is critical.
Bill Johnstone - Using ethrel for 10 consecutive years - grower experiencesMacadamiaSociety
1. The document discusses the use of Ethrel to break the macadamia cropping cycle on a farm in Northern Rivers, Australia.
2. Using Ethrel allows the farm to harvest their macadamia crop over 3 months rather than 6 months, reducing harvesting costs significantly.
3. Breaking the continuous cropping cycle also helps reduce pest pressure on the farm as it breaks the food source cycle for insects. The farm has not had to apply insecticides since starting the use of Ethrel in 2008.
What’s driving demand around the globe asia - darren burtonMacadamiaSociety
The macadamia market in Asia, particularly China and Japan, presents significant growth opportunities for the Australian macadamia industry. China currently imports around 2,500 metric tons of macadamia kernels per year, worth $8% of global production, mostly for confectionery and snacks. Japanese companies are looking to expand sales in China. To capitalize on this growth, industry members must work together to develop the Chinese market and ensure China remains an importer of macadamias by meeting demands for consistent quality, supply, and education on macadamia health benefits.
Canopy management young tree canopy management – a broad acre perspective -...MacadamiaSociety
Maccmanagement Pty Ltd manages 3 farms in the Bundaberg region of Australia, planting over 70,000 avocado trees between 2005-2007. The document discusses young tree canopy management through hand pruning and mechanical pruning. Hand pruning develops a strong tree structure but is labor intensive and slows tree growth. Mechanical pruning is more efficient but risks increased tree density at maturity. Both methods effectively reduce wind damage when used appropriately for the variety.
The document discusses research showing that nut consumption is associated with weight management and may support weight loss or prevent weight gain. It summarizes population studies and clinical trials demonstrating that eating 30-80g of nuts per day as part of an overall healthy diet can help with weight control. The Nuts for Life program aims to increase awareness of these health benefits and correct misconceptions about nuts and fat. The macadamia industry is encouraged to promote the "healthy handful" message to help manage weight.
The document summarizes the products, services, and roles of the Bank of Industry (BOI) in Nigeria. BOI provides financing and business support services to entrepreneurs, especially small and medium enterprises. It offers various financing products including equity financing, co-financing, and infrastructure development. BOI also works to establish global partnerships and structures financial partnerships between Nigerian and foreign companies to support industrialization. Additionally, BOI aims to increase access to financing for women entrepreneurs and micro, small, and medium enterprises through specialized loan schemes and programs.
The Nigerian Export-Import Bank (NEXIM) presented on the financial support options it provides for Shea product manufacturers, producers, and traders. NEXIM aims to diversify Nigeria's economy beyond oil and support the growth of the Shea industry. It offers various loan facilities that provide working capital and finance imports/exports along the Shea value chain. NEXIM also partners with other organizations and countries to facilitate technology transfers and equipment acquisition for Shea processors. The bank welcomes applications from companies operating in the Shea sector.
Root Capital's mission is to invest in agricultural businesses in Africa and Latin America to grow rural prosperity and sustainable livelihoods. They focus on the "rural missing middle" - agricultural small and medium enterprises that are too large for microfinance but have trouble accessing credit. Their three-pronged strategy includes lending to cooperatives and small/medium agricultural businesses, building their capacity, and developing strategic partnerships. Their lending has grown annually since 2007 in Africa to strengthen food security and nutrition by financing businesses along agricultural value chains.
The USAID West Africa Trade Hub works in 21 countries in West Africa to promote regional trade and economic integration. It has offices in Accra, Dakar, and Arlington and aims to connect smallholder farmers and women producers to markets through a value chain approach. By addressing issues like access to finance, transportation, and quality standards, the Trade Hub works to professionalize industries and create jobs. For example, it partners with banks and investors to develop innovative financing for shea nut exporters and other small businesses in order to lift incomes in a sustainable way.
This document summarizes a presentation about leveraging social media to build brands. It discusses the benefits of social media for marketing, including increased exposure and insights. It provides tips for learning social media, finding an authentic voice, selecting the right platforms, getting started, and maximizing efforts. Marketers are advised to strategically use social media to meet clear goals and adapt their approach over time to best leverage their brand. Questions are welcomed.
This document discusses different propagation methods for shea (Vitellaria paradoxa), including propagation by seed, air layering, and grafting.
Propagation by seed involves collecting seeds from mature trees and either planting them directly or after a pre-germination period. Air layering is done by girdling, wrapping, and allowing a branch to root before removing it from the tree. Grafting involves joining a scion from a mature tree to a rootstock to reduce the tree's maturity period. Both top grafting and side grafting techniques are used. Success rates for air layering and grafting of shea can be up to 65% and 80%, respectively. Proper timing, materials
Windows ofrece una variedad de accesorios para mejorar la productividad y la experiencia del usuario. Algunos de los accesorios más populares incluyen el Bloc de notas para editar archivos de texto, el Calculadora para realizar cálculos matemáticos y el Reproductor de medios para reproducir archivos de audio y video. Estos y otros accesorios de Windows están diseñados para ser fáciles de usar y brindan funciones básicas pero útiles para el usuario promedio.
Teachers and coaches play an important role in community youth sport and development programs by delivering engaging sessions tailored to participants' needs. Their strong relationships with participants are key to ensuring sessions are fun and beneficial. The Liverpool FC Foundation delivers a range of initiatives using sport to inspire positive changes among youth. They focus on increasing sport participation, improving life chances, social action, and supporting other charities. Their programs include Premier League 4 Sport, which engages youth in sports like football and badminton, and Kickz, which uses football to promote social inclusion and reduce crime in deprived areas. Coaches teach skills while aiming to achieve social objectives.
This resume summarizes Timothy P. Beutjer's career experience in sales management roles within the pharmaceutical industry spanning from 1984 to the present. Over his career, he has held several director and manager level positions with responsibilities like leading sales teams, exceeding sales quotas, and mentoring other managers. He has a track record of strong performance reviews and promotions. His resume emphasizes achievements like awards, salary increases, and rankings as a top performer among his peers.
The document describes the state of the earth before creation according to Genesis 1:2. It states that the earth was formless and empty, with darkness covering the deep (tehom) and God's spirit hovering over the waters. The Hebrew words "tohu wabohu" describing the earth as formless are explained, and other biblical references provide context about the primordial state of the earth before God brought form and order through creation.
What’s driving demand around the globe australia - james keldoulisMacadamiaSociety
The document discusses the Australian macadamia market. It provides statistics on Australian nut consumption and macadamia kernel sales by key markets from 2002-2011. Charts show macadamia retail volumes by category from 2010-2012 and compare macadamia and cashew pricing from 2007-2012. The document promotes macadamias as good for business and health.
Varietal improvement and conservation the australian macadamia improvement ...MacadamiaSociety
The document summarizes the Australian Macadamia Improvement Program, which has the goal of genetically improving macadamia trees. The program involves breeding, regional variety trials, conservation efforts, and screening for traits like husk spot and fruit spotting bugs. Breeding priorities include yield, quality, disease resistance, and tree size. The program follows a two-stage testing process, first evaluating seedling progeny and then grafted trees in regional trials. After over 20 years, the program expects to increase industry profits by 30% through higher-yielding varieties developed in the second generation of breeding.
Jesse Reader - Inspiring change in the Australian apple industryMacadamiaSociety
The document summarizes how the Australian apple industry increased production from 19 tons per hectare to 40 tons per hectare in 6 years through an intensive productivity and extension program led by AgFirst. Key factors in the industry's transformation included establishing clear production goals, benchmarking costs and returns, intensifying orchard planting densities and management practices, improving crop load regulation and quality, and providing growers with ongoing education through field days and technical resources. The success of the program demonstrates that significant gains are possible in other fruit industries like apples through collaborative effort and a willingness to challenge existing practices.
Richard Sampson Genest - Consumption around the globe today and predictions f...MacadamiaSociety
1) Asia, led by China and Japan, is driving increased global consumption of macadamias.
2) In Japan, macadamias are most popular as part of chocolate treats, and health benefits are a key driver of interest. Volume growth is expected to be modest.
3) China is currently focused on inshell macadamia imports for entertainment purposes, but the kernel market is growing and younger consumers may prefer it for convenience.
On farm innovations that increase production investing into soil profiling ...MacadamiaSociety
This document discusses rejuvenating a mature macadamia orchard that was 25 years old. The orchard was experiencing low yields, poor quality, tree diseases, and low returns. Practices were changed including increasing fertilizer, organic matter, pruning, watering, and bee activity. These changes led to increased yields, quality, soil and tree health, and decreased disease. Graphs show yield increases from 2006-2012 at three farms following these practices. The conclusion recommends regular pruning to increase sun exposure and consistent organic matter to improve soil health while maintaining fertilizer to balance the orchard rejuvenation.
Jolyon Burnett - Innovation and investment summaryMacadamiaSociety
The document summarizes the key themes from the 2014 AMS 40th Anniversary Industry Conference. The three big themes discussed were: 1) looking to other industries to increase productivity, 2) thinking globally and acting locally, and 3) challenging everything done and seeking continuous improvement. Specific topics covered under each theme included canopy management, pests/diseases, global nut supply, and setting ambitious productivity goals. The conference encouraged participants to pursue improvement with passion and to make progress each day.
Canopy management mature orchard canopy management – a 20 year grower’s per...MacadamiaSociety
Warren Elvery manages the 330 hectare Victoria Park Plantation with over 70,000 macadamia trees averaging 20-25 years old. He discusses various canopy management techniques to maximize yield and profits including tree training, pruning, topping, staghorning, sacrificial pruning, and phasing out/replanting trees. The goals are to maintain machinery access, increase light penetration deep into the canopy, and shape the tree structure for an active canopy that continues producing over the long term through a committed canopy management plan started early in the orchard's life.
Varietal improvement and conservation the economics of orchard renewal - da...MacadamiaSociety
1) Orchard replacement is worth considering for the apple industry to adopt new technologies and genetics that can increase productivity, pest and disease resistance, and fruit quality.
2) Growers may consider orchard replacement to renew orchards in decline, adopt improvements in productivity and traits, or replace trees after removal.
3) Orchard replacement has higher upfront costs than tree removal but can provide long term productivity gains, while tree removal only maintains stability and no gains. Minimizing lost production time during replacement is critical.
Bill Johnstone - Using ethrel for 10 consecutive years - grower experiencesMacadamiaSociety
1. The document discusses the use of Ethrel to break the macadamia cropping cycle on a farm in Northern Rivers, Australia.
2. Using Ethrel allows the farm to harvest their macadamia crop over 3 months rather than 6 months, reducing harvesting costs significantly.
3. Breaking the continuous cropping cycle also helps reduce pest pressure on the farm as it breaks the food source cycle for insects. The farm has not had to apply insecticides since starting the use of Ethrel in 2008.
What’s driving demand around the globe asia - darren burtonMacadamiaSociety
The macadamia market in Asia, particularly China and Japan, presents significant growth opportunities for the Australian macadamia industry. China currently imports around 2,500 metric tons of macadamia kernels per year, worth $8% of global production, mostly for confectionery and snacks. Japanese companies are looking to expand sales in China. To capitalize on this growth, industry members must work together to develop the Chinese market and ensure China remains an importer of macadamias by meeting demands for consistent quality, supply, and education on macadamia health benefits.
Canopy management young tree canopy management – a broad acre perspective -...MacadamiaSociety
Maccmanagement Pty Ltd manages 3 farms in the Bundaberg region of Australia, planting over 70,000 avocado trees between 2005-2007. The document discusses young tree canopy management through hand pruning and mechanical pruning. Hand pruning develops a strong tree structure but is labor intensive and slows tree growth. Mechanical pruning is more efficient but risks increased tree density at maturity. Both methods effectively reduce wind damage when used appropriately for the variety.
The document discusses research showing that nut consumption is associated with weight management and may support weight loss or prevent weight gain. It summarizes population studies and clinical trials demonstrating that eating 30-80g of nuts per day as part of an overall healthy diet can help with weight control. The Nuts for Life program aims to increase awareness of these health benefits and correct misconceptions about nuts and fat. The macadamia industry is encouraged to promote the "healthy handful" message to help manage weight.
The document summarizes the products, services, and roles of the Bank of Industry (BOI) in Nigeria. BOI provides financing and business support services to entrepreneurs, especially small and medium enterprises. It offers various financing products including equity financing, co-financing, and infrastructure development. BOI also works to establish global partnerships and structures financial partnerships between Nigerian and foreign companies to support industrialization. Additionally, BOI aims to increase access to financing for women entrepreneurs and micro, small, and medium enterprises through specialized loan schemes and programs.
The Nigerian Export-Import Bank (NEXIM) presented on the financial support options it provides for Shea product manufacturers, producers, and traders. NEXIM aims to diversify Nigeria's economy beyond oil and support the growth of the Shea industry. It offers various loan facilities that provide working capital and finance imports/exports along the Shea value chain. NEXIM also partners with other organizations and countries to facilitate technology transfers and equipment acquisition for Shea processors. The bank welcomes applications from companies operating in the Shea sector.
Root Capital's mission is to invest in agricultural businesses in Africa and Latin America to grow rural prosperity and sustainable livelihoods. They focus on the "rural missing middle" - agricultural small and medium enterprises that are too large for microfinance but have trouble accessing credit. Their three-pronged strategy includes lending to cooperatives and small/medium agricultural businesses, building their capacity, and developing strategic partnerships. Their lending has grown annually since 2007 in Africa to strengthen food security and nutrition by financing businesses along agricultural value chains.
The USAID West Africa Trade Hub works in 21 countries in West Africa to promote regional trade and economic integration. It has offices in Accra, Dakar, and Arlington and aims to connect smallholder farmers and women producers to markets through a value chain approach. By addressing issues like access to finance, transportation, and quality standards, the Trade Hub works to professionalize industries and create jobs. For example, it partners with banks and investors to develop innovative financing for shea nut exporters and other small businesses in order to lift incomes in a sustainable way.
This document summarizes a presentation about leveraging social media to build brands. It discusses the benefits of social media for marketing, including increased exposure and insights. It provides tips for learning social media, finding an authentic voice, selecting the right platforms, getting started, and maximizing efforts. Marketers are advised to strategically use social media to meet clear goals and adapt their approach over time to best leverage their brand. Questions are welcomed.
The document provides guidance on exporting products internationally. It discusses selecting a product for export, identifying market niches, creating company and product fact sheets, packaging and labeling, trade shows, and follow up. Key points covered include determining if you have the capacity and resources to service export markets, understanding what drives consumer demand in a niche, using fact sheets to build buyer confidence, using photos and following market leaders for packaging, researching trade shows to find the right attendees, and following up within two weeks of a show.
This document discusses different propagation methods for shea (Vitellaria paradoxa), including propagation by seed, air layering, and grafting.
Propagation by seed involves collecting seeds from mature trees and either planting them directly or after a pre-germination period. Air layering is done by girdling, wrapping, and allowing a branch to root before removing it from the tree. Grafting involves joining a scion from a mature tree to a rootstock to reduce the tree's maturity period. Both top grafting and side grafting techniques are used. Success rates for air layering and grafting of shea can be up to 65% and 80%, respectively. Proper timing, materials
The Global Shea Alliance (GSA) operational plan outlines four strategic initiatives from 2012-2014 to achieve its mission of driving a sustainable shea industry worldwide. The initiatives are: 1) sustainability promotion to define GSA membership criteria and marketing seals, 2) quality standards and pricing to establish standards and publish price data, 3) industry promotion through marketing and an annual conference, and 4) national association support in key countries. The plan aims to expand markets, increase competitiveness and sustainability impact through collaboration between GSA members and partners.
The document outlines a strategic and operational plan for the Global Shea Alliance (GSA) with the goal of implementing four key initiatives to achieve maximum impact related to GSA's strategic objectives of market expansion, competitiveness, policy advocacy, and sustainability. The four initiatives include: 1) sustainability promotion to define GSA as driving sustainability and market expansion, 2) establishing quality standards and pricing transparency, 3) industry promotion through marketing and communications, and 4) supporting national shea associations. The plan provides detailed activities, timelines, and anticipated impacts for each initiative through 2014.
This document is an African standard for shea kernel. It establishes requirements, sampling and test methods for shea kernels. The standard specifies quality grades and tolerance limits for moisture content, impurities, and damaged kernels for shea kernels intended for further processing or direct consumption.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document summarizes the accomplishments of the Global Shea Alliance in 2012. It discusses accomplishments related to supporting national shea associations through training programs, developing sustainability standards and engagement with members, promoting the shea industry internationally through conferences and online, and beginning work to establish quality standards for shea nuts. The goals for 2013 include expanding quality campaigns, providing technical support to associations, refining sustainability standards, promoting shea to consumers and brands, and establishing agreed upon quality standards.
This document provides an introduction to emulsions, which are mixtures of two immiscible liquids like oil and water. It outlines the basic phases needed to create an emulsion, including water, oil, emulsifiers, thickeners, and preservatives. Specific ingredients and tools are recommended for each phase. Proper pH levels and buffers are also discussed. The document emphasizes using broad spectrum preservatives to prevent bacteria, yeast, and mold growth, especially in tropical environments. Ingredients should be listed on labels according to INCI standards.
This document provides an introduction and contents for an Entrepreneurship 101 and Export 101 training guide. The guide aims to help participants analyze business practices, identify skills needed for entrepreneurial and export success, understand risk assessment and customer relationships, and develop company and product profiles. The training consists of modules on entrepreneurship and export management that cover topics such as defining entrepreneurs, assessing strengths and weaknesses, selecting export products, and understanding international trade basics. Participants are given assignments to complete a company profile and markets document to develop an export business plan.
The instructor introduces themselves as Jim and Jennifer Krigbaum, founders of 2020 Development Company LLC. The workshop will cover 10 keys to success in international business and help participants analyze their skills, identify their business, and understand what makes an entrepreneur. Participants will complete exercises to assess their current business practices and competitive advantages. The presentation emphasizes the importance of communication, honesty, quality, risk assessment, networking, and other skills for entrepreneurs to achieve success.
The document summarizes the products, services, and roles of the Bank of Industry (BOI) in Nigeria. BOI was established in 2001 to promote industrial development in Nigeria by providing financing and business support services. It offers a range of financial products including loans, equity financing, and infrastructure development. BOI also engages in policy work, partnerships with other development organizations, and programs to support small businesses and women entrepreneurs. Its goal is to transform Nigeria's industrial sector and integrate it into the global economy.
Root Capital's mission is to invest in agricultural businesses in Africa and Latin America to grow rural prosperity and sustainable livelihoods. It addresses the capital constraints on African agriculture through a three-pronged strategy of lending to cooperatives, outgrowers, and small and medium agri-businesses. Its annual lending in Africa has grown significantly between 2007-2012, and it has expanded into financing staple crop and input value chains to deepen its impact on smallholder farmers, agricultural SMEs, and low-income food consumers.
This document discusses five key facts about promoting the sustainability of shea production:
1. Reliability, availability, and quality are the top priorities for US and EU buyers, who want documentation like certificates of analysis and batch samples even before receiving a product sample.
2. Close partnering between producers and distributors offers advantages for both sides.
3. Authentic stories about social good and impact can enhance marketing, but must come after establishing good, functional products.
4. Consumers are often confused by the many different sustainability seals in the market and rarely want to pay more for sustainability alone.
5. The best way forward is through collaboration between organizations on marketing, export packaging
The document summarizes a gap analysis conducted by USAID's West Africa Trade Hub to identify implementation gaps in the ECOWAS Free Trade Area (ETLS). Key findings were limited knowledge of customs procedures, unofficial fees at borders, non-tariff barriers, and differing transport regulations. To address these gaps, the Trade Hub established pilot Border Information Centers in Ghana and Togo to disseminate trade information, provide support to traders, and facilitate feedback between public and private sectors. Additional recommendations include establishing express lanes to expedite clearance of non-dutiable goods like perishables.
This document provides instructions for making handmade soap. It begins with definitions of soap and explains that soap is made through a chemical reaction between fatty acids (oils) and salts (lye). It then discusses why people make handmade soap and the benefits of using handmade soap over commercial soaps. The document provides extensive details on safety practices when working with lye and guidelines for choosing ingredients, calculating recipes, and preparing to make soap. It includes tables listing properties of common soap making oils and provides a sample recipe calculation.
Best practices for project execution and deliveryCLIVE MINCHIN
A select set of project management best practices to keep your project on-track, on-cost and aligned to scope. Many firms have don't have the necessary skills, diligence, methods and oversight of their projects; this leads to slippage, higher costs and longer timeframes. Often firms have a history of projects that simply failed to move the needle. These best practices will help your firm avoid these pitfalls but they require fortitude to apply.
How to Implement a Real Estate CRM SoftwareSalesTown
To implement a CRM for real estate, set clear goals, choose a CRM with key real estate features, and customize it to your needs. Migrate your data, train your team, and use automation to save time. Monitor performance, ensure data security, and use the CRM to enhance marketing. Regularly check its effectiveness to improve your business.
B2B payments are rapidly changing. Find out the 5 key questions you need to be asking yourself to be sure you are mastering B2B payments today. Learn more at www.BlueSnap.com.
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In the recent edition, The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024, The Silicon Leaders magazine gladly features Dejan Štancer, President of the Global Chamber of Business Leaders (GCBL), along with other leaders.
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Shea improvement, management and exploitation strategies needed for the rapid transformation of the shea industry
1. Shea improvement, management and exploitation strategies needed for the rapid
transformation of the shea industry
PRESENTATION BY
E. C. Okolo, Okwuagwu, C.O., Aisueni, N. O., Enaberue, L. O., Okolo, C. C and M. Koloche
NIGERIAN INSTITUTE FOR OIL PALM RESEARCH (NIFOR).
AT THE SHEA 2013 GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES CONFERENCE HELD AT ABUJA ON THE 4TH – 6TH MARCH,
2013
3. Introd… Cont…
The long gestation period of the tree
Picking of fruits from the wild
Inadequate butter processing
methods
Frequent cutting of branches of the
tree for charcoal and firewood
4. Introd… Cont…
Annual bush fires
Unorganized marketing strategies for
butter
Exploitation of woodland resources
5. NIFOR Experience
Studies on distribution, density and
variation of Shea trees in Nigeria
Vegetative propagation of Vitellaria
paradoxa C.F. Gaertn
Shea Seedling establishment
6. Table 1: THE DISTRIBUTION OF SHEA IN THE ECOLOGICAL
BELTS OF NIGERIA
Coastal Mangrove
S/No. swamp/Rain Forest Derived/Southern Guinea Northern Guinea Sahel Surface Area Km2
1. Rivers Savannah Savannah 11,077
2. Bayelsa 10,773
3/ Lagos 3,345
4. Delta 17,698
5. Ondo 15,500
6. Akwa Ibom 7,081
7. Cross River 20,156
8. Ogun 16,762
9. Edo N. Edo 17,802
10. Imo 5,100
11. Abia 6,320
12. Ebonyi N. Ebonyi 5,670
13. Enugu N. Enugu 7,161
14. Oyo N. Oyo 128,454
15. Osun` N. Ogun 9,251
16. Ekiti N. Ekiti 6,353
17. Benue 34,059
18. Kogi 29,833
19. Kwara 136,825
20. Niger 76,315
21. FCT 7,315
22. Nasarawa 27,117
23. Plateau 30,913
24. Taraba 54,473
25. Adamawa 45,857
26. Bauchi 36,917
27. Gombe 18,768
28. S. Kaduna N. Kaduna 46,058
29. Kebbi 36,800
30. S. Born N. Borno 70,898
31. Yobe 45,502
32. Kano 20,131
33. Jigawa 23,154
34. Katsina 24,192
35. Zamfara 39,762
36. S. Sokoto N. Sokoto 25,973
Rainfall 2,500– 3,500 1,500 1,000 500
mm/yr.
Shea tree NIL V. High High Low
density
7. Table 2: Area of parcels, densities (shea trees and saplings) and mean girth, between trees of
Vitellaria paradoxa in Northern and Southern Guinea Savannah in Nigeria
• Northern Guinea Savannah Southern Guinea Savannah
• ________________________________________ __________________________________
• Land Girth Density Saplings Area Girth Density Saplings Area
• Uses (cm) (ha-1) (m2) (cm) (ha-1) (m2)
• ________________________________________________________________________________
•
• Cultivated 164 25 6 4.5 198 42 13 4.5
•
• Fallow 154 44 10 6.4 162 109 32 6.5
•
• Forest 62 54 38 8.8 116 200 80 8.9
• ________________________________________________________________________________
_
9. Vegetative propagation of Vitellaria paradoxa
Shea fruit production encounters a number of
difficulties particularly in relation to ageing,
slow growth, long juvenile phase
The juvenile phase of the naturally
regenerated shea varies between 15 and 20
years
10. Vegetative Propagation
One of such strategies for the domestication and
genetic improvement of shea tree is by vegetative
propagation (grafting)
Four grafting methods (Splice, Side veneer, Whip
and Tongue and Bench) were tested.
It was observed that grafting carried out in the
dry season, were more successful compared to
grafting during the rainy season.
11. Table 4: Effects of season of grafting and grafting method on survival of
Vitellaria paradoxa three and six months after graft in Nigeria
Season Grafting Total no of % graft shea % graft shea
methods grafts after 3 months after 6 months
Dry Splice 25 32 0
Side veneer 25 8 0
Bench 130 57.6 32.3
Whip/Tongue 30 30 6.6
Rain Splice 15 26.6 0
Side veneer 20 40 0
Bench 40 37.5 2.5
Whip/Tongue 20 40 0
12. Table 5: Effects of grafting methods on leaf phenology of Vitellaria
paradoxa graft in Nigeria
Grafting Total no Days to first Days to Days to Days to Ave. No of
method of grafts foliar bud first leaf first green maximum no mature leaves
formation formation leaf of mature produced
formation leaves
Splice 25 45 88 113 170 11
Side veneer 25 49 90 129 169 12
Bench 130 39 85 118 158 14
Whip/Tong 30 41 97 131 168 10
ue
13. It has been thirty six months after grafting
was carried out on the shea sapling, yet no
flowering has occurred.
14. Shea Seedling establishment
Putting barrier under polybags for easy
transplanting
Building of shade in the nursery
Mulching
Building small shade on the transplanted
grafted shea.
15. Strategies for the genetic improvement of shea
in Nigeria
Characterization of the shea population in
Nigeria
Knowledge of the biology of the crop
Introduction of selected provenances
Mastery grafting method; and
Protection and improvement of natural
regeneration of shea
16. CONCLUSION
Shea tree improvement is a very
long-term activity, necessarily inclusive
of a wide variety of interventions, from
the immediate and local to the large-
scale, regional and international.
17. Conclusion cont…
Management studies on the juvenile and
mature shea trees should continue for the
purpose of an increased fruit production
and control of the parasites which affect
productivity.