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Employment process


Prepared by
Willy madinda
Tutorial Assistant (T.A)
Tanzania Public Service College
+255714 367 2121
willy2002tz@yahoo.com




                                    Madinda WS   08/15/12
   Recruitment can be described as those activities in human
    resource management which are undertaken in order to attract
    sufficient job candidates who have the necessary potential,
    competence, and traits to fill job needs and to assist the public
    sector institutions in achieving its objectives (Foot & Hook
    1996:53)
   A set of activities an organization uses to attract job
    candidates who have the abilities and attitudes needed to help
    the organization achieve its objectives. Ivancevich and
    Glueck. 1985:154)

   Recruitment refers to the process of attracting, screening, and
    selecting a qualified person for a job




                                               Madinda WS   08/15/12
 Whereas Human Resource Planning provides the
  established posts;
 Job analysis is the procedure through which you
  determine the duties of the jobs and the
  characteristics of the people who should be hired for
  them; (Gary Dessler: 2002:62).
   Job analysis gives profiles and requirements of the
  posts established,
A job analysis is the process used to collect
  information about the duties, responsibilities,
  necessary skills, outcomes, and work environment of
  a particular job
                                     Madinda WS   08/15/12
 Job Analysis is a process to identify and
  determine in detail the particular job duties and
  requirements and the relative importance of these
  duties for a given job.
 The Job; not the person An important concept of

  Job Analysis is that the analysis is conducted of
  the Job, not the person




                                  Madinda WS   08/15/12
 Determining Training Needs
 Compensation
 Selection Procedures
 Performance Review




                               Madinda WS   08/15/12
   Determining Training Needs
Job Analysis can be used in training/"needs
  assessment" to identify or develop:
 training content

assessment tests to measure effectiveness of
  training
 equipment to be used in delivering the

  training
methods of training (i.e., small group, computer-
  based, video, classroom...)



                                 Madinda WS   08/15/12
Job Analysis can be used in compensation to
  identify or determine:
 skill levels

 compensable job factors

 work environment (e.g., hazards; attention;

  physical effort)
 responsibilities (e.g., fiscal; supervisory)

 required level of education (indirectly related to

  salary level)



                                     Madinda WS   08/15/12
Job Analysis can be used;
 job duties that should be included in

  advertisements
 appropriate salary level

 minimum requirements (education and/or

  experience) for screening applicants;
 interview questions; selection tests/instruments

  (e.g., written tests; oral tests; job simulations);
 applicant appraisal/evaluation forms;

orientation materials for applicants/new hires

                                    Madinda WS   08/15/12
Job Analysis can be used in identify or develop
  goals and objectives
 performance standards

 evaluation criteria

 length of probationary periods

 duties to be evaluated




                                  Madinda WS   08/15/12
 A job description is a list that a person might use
  for general tasks, or functions, and
  responsibilities of a position.
 documents that help set the boundaries of an

  employee and employer regarding certain
  aspects of the position.
   There is a common saying that you have to see
  the road clearly to be able to reach your
  destination. You cannot reach your goal or your
  destination if you do not know the path ahead of
  you, and that is exactly what a job description is.

                                   Madinda WS   08/15/12
 Job Title.
 Description of job profile

 Duties and responsibilities of the employee

 Educational qualifications of the employee

How to write catchy job description
 Clear description of the tasks.

 Salary mention for the position

 Opportunities that might open to the employee

  who fulfills the tasks


                                  Madinda WS   08/15/12
 job specification is a statement of knowledge,
  skills, and abilities needed to perform the job. It
  are minimum acceptable qualifications to perform
  a particular job. It is the same job criteria.
 Job specification includes knowledge, skills, and

  abilities but in fact, It also includes job purpose,
  main duties, compensation etc when it is used for
  job advertisement




                                    Madinda WS   08/15/12
 A. Job description are task, duties,
  responsibilities this mean job description are what
  you must “do”. Job specification are knowledge,
  skills, abilities etc this mean job specification are
  what you must “have” to perform “job description”.
 B. Job description belong to organization and job

  specification belong to you.




                                     Madinda WS   08/15/12
why are job specifications important ? Functions / benefits of job
     specification include 5 elements as follows:
1.   Find out prospective candidate
2.   The importance of job specification also reflect in attracting
     candidate.
3.    Set up competency of organization
4.   Job specification pay a important role in identifying competencies of
     employee
5.   Orientation to candidate




                                                  Madinda WS   08/15/12
 Recruitment policy stipulates broad guidelines on the
  way in which a public institution intends to deal with
  recruitment.
 It concerns itself with the objectives of recruitment as
  well as encompassing the principle of equal job
  opportunities in recruitment.




                                      Madinda WS   08/15/12
 Ensures the       securing of a pool of acceptable
  candidates;
 Ensures a positive public image of the organization
  through recruitment;
 Ensures efficiency and cost effectiveness of the
  recruitment activities;
 It ensures practical fairness and equity in the
  recruitment process;
 Enables the institution to attract knowledgeable, skilled
  and competent, potential employees who have the
  competencies relevant to the job (ibid).



                                       Madinda WS   08/15/12
   Objectives of recruitment in the Public sector
   Legal and regulatory prescriptions about fairness and
    discrimination to consider
   The various agreements with the workers representatives
   Targets of employment equity for balance
   Budgeting considerations for recruitment
   The urgency required to fill posts
   The responsible unit and officer for policy and procedure
   Procedures for succession, use of promotion within, use of
    relations, people with disabilities, part-time employees and
    stand on minors.



                                             Madinda WS   08/15/12
INTERNAL FACTORS
Strategic Plans
Institutional policy
Recruitment criteria

EXTERNAL        FACTORS
Labour market conditions- The size, the efficiency and
the mobility of labour.
Government policy and legislation- Employment Act,
pieces of labour legislation
Trade unions- Bargaining power,


                                      Madinda WS   08/15/12
   Occupational Choice:
   Psychological factors-personal attributes and interests
   Economic factors- quality of life and needs and wants
   Sociological Factors – family, community and well-being
   Job Search
   Designing a recruitment programme requires the consideration of the most
    preferred method of job search informal or formal.
   Institutional commitment
   Recruiter should be knowledgeable and prepared
   Ask relevant questions
   Discuss career path
   Produce positive responses from candidates
   Display warmth, enthusiasm and perceptiveness



                                                         Madinda WS   08/15/12
SOURCES OF RECRUITMENT
 Internal sources            Television
  Skills inventory            Walk ins
  Job posting                 Referral
  Insider moonlighting        Professional bodies
 External Sources             Head hunting/skills search
  Employee agencies           Educational institutions
  Radio adverts               Consultants
 Newspaper
 Internet


08/15/12         Madinda WS
METHODS OF
RECRUITMENT
  Advertising                • ATTENTION
  Newspaper                   Use meaningful headings
  Periodical                  Impacting visual lay out
  Billboards                  Variety e.g. Colour, outline, imagery
                                and font
  Radio                       INTEREST
  TV                          Job specification
  Internet                    Experience
  Use of AIDA Formula         Job relevance
  Attention                   DESIRE / URGE
  Interest                    Mentioning or not mentioning salary
  Desire                      Action
  Actions



08/15/12         Madinda WS
   The advert should not prejudice any prospective candidate who has
    the necessary skills, competencies and knowledge.
   Qualifications should bear education, skills and relevant experience
   Adverts should be compatible with the valid post and person
    specification
   Job title
   Core functions
   Competitiveness
   Non-discriminative
   Health and security checks (when applicable)




                                                 Madinda WS   08/15/12
VACANCY

   HEAD HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Applicants are invited for suitably qualified and experienced persons to fill
the position of Head Human Resources which has arisen in the Ministry
Successful candidate will be among other duties responsible for the following:
Managing the ministries human resource
Recruitment
Training
Personnel services
Performance appraisal
And industrial relations
Qualification and experience
Human Resource Management 5 Years
Degree in HR or Public Administration, masters will be an added advantage
Thorough knowledge of HR practice
Member of the ZIHRM
Women are encouraged to apply
Skills required
Excellent in communication, analytical and presentation skills
High level professionalism and confidentiality
Impeccable integrity
Good understanding of the public sector in Zimbabwe
We are an equal opportunity institution, applicants should submit applications
to the Public Service Commission clearly marked “Head Human Resource”
accompanied by CVs by not later than 25 th March, 2011 on the following
email address psc.zw.@gmail.com



                                                                                Madinda WS   08/15/12
 SPECIAL EVENT RECRUITMENT
 Open houses
 Visit to headquarters
 School address

• VACATION EVENT RECRUITMENT
 Hiring students
 Identifying prospecting employees
 Trade shows




                              Madinda WS   08/15/12
   Step 1. Identifying the vacancy
   A vacancy arises- due to the creation of a new job, existing member of staff has
    been promoted, retires or dies.
   it begins with the human resource department receiving requisitions for
    recruitment from any department of the company. These contain:
                                 • Posts to be filled
                                  • Number of persons
                                  • Duties to be performed
                                  • Qualifications required
   Step 2. Obtain approval to recruit in terms of the HR budget and level of
    appointment

   Step 3. Compile or update job descriptions and job specifications
   The job description is updated and an employee specification is written.
   The job description lists the duties of the job whilst the employee specification
    gives details of the experience, skills and abilities needed to carry out the job.




                                                          Madinda WS   08/15/12
    Step 4. Determine the key result areas for the job

    Step 5. Consult the recruitment policy and procedure

The component of recruitment policy and procedure

    The general recruitment policies and terms of the organization
    Recruitment services of consultants
    Recruitment of temporary employees
    Unique recruitment situations
    The selection process
    The job descriptions
    The terms and conditions of the employment

    Step 6. Choose the source (s)




                                                     Madinda WS   08/15/12
Step 7. Decide on a method of recruitment
•External Recruitment Methods
•Internal Recruitment Methods


Step 8. Implement the decision (apply the recruitment method)

A vacancy advertisement is written and is circulated via media , including
newspapers, internet recruitment sites, specialist publications and the Employment
Service.
Application forms are sent out along with copies of the job description and
employee specification and must be returned on or before the closing date that has
been set.

Step 9. Allow sufficient time for response


                                                         Madinda WS   08/15/12
Step 10. Screen responses
 A shortlist is compiled of applicants who are going to be invited to attend for
   interview.
 This is done by the recruitment panel who compare each application form with the
   requirements of the employee specification
 Interviews are held. The panel will use the same set of questions with each
   interviewee.
 The interview may include a selection test.


Step 11. Draw up on initial shortlist of candidates
 References will be requested.
 The successful applicant for jobs working in certain areas, including working with
   children or vulnerable adults, will be asked to apply for a criminal disclosure check
   through the Criminal Records Bureau (CRB).

Step 12. Proceed to selection and Advise applicants of the outcome
 Appoint the successful candidate and arrange induction training


   Feedback can be provided (upon request) to those not shortlisted and applicants
    have the right to complain if they feel they have been unfairly treated


                                                           Madinda WS   08/15/12
   Reconsider the purpose of recruitment in light of organization
    recruitment strategy

   Consider strength and weaknesses of current recruitment practices

   Consider the external factors militating on recruitment

   Consider a wide range of recruitment options

   What are the available strategic choices in recruitment

   Consider the approach to implementing of recruitment in line with
    strategy.




                                                 Madinda WS   08/15/12
 The rationale is to ascertain the cost benefit of
  recruitment
 The state of the external labour market condition
  Time duration factor
 Nature of the job
 Effectiveness of recruitment strategy
 Affirmative action
 Categorization of candidates e.g age, sex and
  competencies
 Record keeping of recruitment activities




                                     Madinda WS   08/15/12
 is a profession or agency that helps unemployed
  individuals find work. A job placement agency also
  provides a service to employers by giving them
  qualified workers for contract jobs or available
  positions. Eg in Tanzania we have euro link,
 Job placement agencies are service-based

  businesses that offer two main types of services.
  One is directed at the job seeker and the other to
  an employer looking to hire new workers.



                                  Madinda WS   08/15/12
   The process of receiving and orienting
  employees when they first join an organization.
 is the process by which new employees are

  familiarized with the organization and their jobs.
IMPORTANCE OF INDUCTION
 Reduce staff turnover

 Reduce absenteeism

 Increase productivity (despite a loss of productive

  time in the first instance)

                                    Madinda WS   08/15/12
   Facilitate learning and development.
   Reduce accidents and incidents and disputes
   Increase job satisfaction.

    The induction process is best carried out as a cooperative effort
     between HR, line management and line staff. The people who
     know the jobs best, particularly in terms of socialization, are
     the workers in the work area.


                 THANK YOU FOR LISTERNING.




                                               Madinda WS   08/15/12

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employment process

  • 1. Employment process Prepared by Willy madinda Tutorial Assistant (T.A) Tanzania Public Service College +255714 367 2121 willy2002tz@yahoo.com Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 2. Recruitment can be described as those activities in human resource management which are undertaken in order to attract sufficient job candidates who have the necessary potential, competence, and traits to fill job needs and to assist the public sector institutions in achieving its objectives (Foot & Hook 1996:53)  A set of activities an organization uses to attract job candidates who have the abilities and attitudes needed to help the organization achieve its objectives. Ivancevich and Glueck. 1985:154)  Recruitment refers to the process of attracting, screening, and selecting a qualified person for a job Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 3.  Whereas Human Resource Planning provides the established posts;  Job analysis is the procedure through which you determine the duties of the jobs and the characteristics of the people who should be hired for them; (Gary Dessler: 2002:62). Job analysis gives profiles and requirements of the posts established, A job analysis is the process used to collect information about the duties, responsibilities, necessary skills, outcomes, and work environment of a particular job Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 4.  Job Analysis is a process to identify and determine in detail the particular job duties and requirements and the relative importance of these duties for a given job.  The Job; not the person An important concept of Job Analysis is that the analysis is conducted of the Job, not the person Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 5.  Determining Training Needs  Compensation  Selection Procedures  Performance Review Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 6. Determining Training Needs Job Analysis can be used in training/"needs assessment" to identify or develop:  training content assessment tests to measure effectiveness of training  equipment to be used in delivering the training methods of training (i.e., small group, computer- based, video, classroom...) Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 7. Job Analysis can be used in compensation to identify or determine:  skill levels  compensable job factors  work environment (e.g., hazards; attention; physical effort)  responsibilities (e.g., fiscal; supervisory)  required level of education (indirectly related to salary level) Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 8. Job Analysis can be used;  job duties that should be included in advertisements  appropriate salary level  minimum requirements (education and/or experience) for screening applicants;  interview questions; selection tests/instruments (e.g., written tests; oral tests; job simulations);  applicant appraisal/evaluation forms; orientation materials for applicants/new hires Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 9. Job Analysis can be used in identify or develop goals and objectives  performance standards  evaluation criteria  length of probationary periods  duties to be evaluated Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 10.  A job description is a list that a person might use for general tasks, or functions, and responsibilities of a position.  documents that help set the boundaries of an employee and employer regarding certain aspects of the position. There is a common saying that you have to see the road clearly to be able to reach your destination. You cannot reach your goal or your destination if you do not know the path ahead of you, and that is exactly what a job description is. Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 11.  Job Title.  Description of job profile  Duties and responsibilities of the employee  Educational qualifications of the employee How to write catchy job description  Clear description of the tasks.  Salary mention for the position  Opportunities that might open to the employee who fulfills the tasks Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 12.  job specification is a statement of knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to perform the job. It are minimum acceptable qualifications to perform a particular job. It is the same job criteria.  Job specification includes knowledge, skills, and abilities but in fact, It also includes job purpose, main duties, compensation etc when it is used for job advertisement Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 13.  A. Job description are task, duties, responsibilities this mean job description are what you must “do”. Job specification are knowledge, skills, abilities etc this mean job specification are what you must “have” to perform “job description”.  B. Job description belong to organization and job specification belong to you. Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 14. why are job specifications important ? Functions / benefits of job specification include 5 elements as follows: 1. Find out prospective candidate 2. The importance of job specification also reflect in attracting candidate. 3. Set up competency of organization 4. Job specification pay a important role in identifying competencies of employee 5. Orientation to candidate Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 15.  Recruitment policy stipulates broad guidelines on the way in which a public institution intends to deal with recruitment.  It concerns itself with the objectives of recruitment as well as encompassing the principle of equal job opportunities in recruitment. Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 16.  Ensures the securing of a pool of acceptable candidates;  Ensures a positive public image of the organization through recruitment;  Ensures efficiency and cost effectiveness of the recruitment activities;  It ensures practical fairness and equity in the recruitment process;  Enables the institution to attract knowledgeable, skilled and competent, potential employees who have the competencies relevant to the job (ibid). Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 17. Objectives of recruitment in the Public sector  Legal and regulatory prescriptions about fairness and discrimination to consider  The various agreements with the workers representatives  Targets of employment equity for balance  Budgeting considerations for recruitment  The urgency required to fill posts  The responsible unit and officer for policy and procedure  Procedures for succession, use of promotion within, use of relations, people with disabilities, part-time employees and stand on minors. Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 18. INTERNAL FACTORS Strategic Plans Institutional policy Recruitment criteria EXTERNAL FACTORS Labour market conditions- The size, the efficiency and the mobility of labour. Government policy and legislation- Employment Act, pieces of labour legislation Trade unions- Bargaining power, Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 19. Occupational Choice:  Psychological factors-personal attributes and interests  Economic factors- quality of life and needs and wants  Sociological Factors – family, community and well-being  Job Search  Designing a recruitment programme requires the consideration of the most preferred method of job search informal or formal.  Institutional commitment  Recruiter should be knowledgeable and prepared  Ask relevant questions  Discuss career path  Produce positive responses from candidates  Display warmth, enthusiasm and perceptiveness Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 20. SOURCES OF RECRUITMENT Internal sources Television  Skills inventory  Walk ins  Job posting  Referral  Insider moonlighting  Professional bodies External Sources  Head hunting/skills search  Employee agencies  Educational institutions  Radio adverts  Consultants Newspaper Internet 08/15/12 Madinda WS
  • 21. METHODS OF RECRUITMENT  Advertising • ATTENTION  Newspaper  Use meaningful headings  Periodical  Impacting visual lay out  Billboards  Variety e.g. Colour, outline, imagery and font  Radio  INTEREST  TV  Job specification  Internet  Experience  Use of AIDA Formula  Job relevance  Attention  DESIRE / URGE  Interest  Mentioning or not mentioning salary  Desire  Action  Actions 08/15/12 Madinda WS
  • 22. The advert should not prejudice any prospective candidate who has the necessary skills, competencies and knowledge.  Qualifications should bear education, skills and relevant experience  Adverts should be compatible with the valid post and person specification  Job title  Core functions  Competitiveness  Non-discriminative  Health and security checks (when applicable) Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 23. VACANCY HEAD HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Applicants are invited for suitably qualified and experienced persons to fill the position of Head Human Resources which has arisen in the Ministry Successful candidate will be among other duties responsible for the following: Managing the ministries human resource Recruitment Training Personnel services Performance appraisal And industrial relations Qualification and experience Human Resource Management 5 Years Degree in HR or Public Administration, masters will be an added advantage Thorough knowledge of HR practice Member of the ZIHRM Women are encouraged to apply Skills required Excellent in communication, analytical and presentation skills High level professionalism and confidentiality Impeccable integrity Good understanding of the public sector in Zimbabwe We are an equal opportunity institution, applicants should submit applications to the Public Service Commission clearly marked “Head Human Resource” accompanied by CVs by not later than 25 th March, 2011 on the following email address psc.zw.@gmail.com Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 24.  SPECIAL EVENT RECRUITMENT  Open houses  Visit to headquarters  School address • VACATION EVENT RECRUITMENT  Hiring students  Identifying prospecting employees  Trade shows Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 25. Step 1. Identifying the vacancy  A vacancy arises- due to the creation of a new job, existing member of staff has been promoted, retires or dies.  it begins with the human resource department receiving requisitions for recruitment from any department of the company. These contain: • Posts to be filled • Number of persons • Duties to be performed • Qualifications required  Step 2. Obtain approval to recruit in terms of the HR budget and level of appointment  Step 3. Compile or update job descriptions and job specifications  The job description is updated and an employee specification is written.  The job description lists the duties of the job whilst the employee specification gives details of the experience, skills and abilities needed to carry out the job. Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 26. Step 4. Determine the key result areas for the job  Step 5. Consult the recruitment policy and procedure The component of recruitment policy and procedure  The general recruitment policies and terms of the organization  Recruitment services of consultants  Recruitment of temporary employees  Unique recruitment situations  The selection process  The job descriptions  The terms and conditions of the employment  Step 6. Choose the source (s) Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 27. Step 7. Decide on a method of recruitment •External Recruitment Methods •Internal Recruitment Methods Step 8. Implement the decision (apply the recruitment method) A vacancy advertisement is written and is circulated via media , including newspapers, internet recruitment sites, specialist publications and the Employment Service. Application forms are sent out along with copies of the job description and employee specification and must be returned on or before the closing date that has been set. Step 9. Allow sufficient time for response Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 28. Step 10. Screen responses  A shortlist is compiled of applicants who are going to be invited to attend for interview.  This is done by the recruitment panel who compare each application form with the requirements of the employee specification  Interviews are held. The panel will use the same set of questions with each interviewee.  The interview may include a selection test. Step 11. Draw up on initial shortlist of candidates  References will be requested.  The successful applicant for jobs working in certain areas, including working with children or vulnerable adults, will be asked to apply for a criminal disclosure check through the Criminal Records Bureau (CRB). Step 12. Proceed to selection and Advise applicants of the outcome  Appoint the successful candidate and arrange induction training  Feedback can be provided (upon request) to those not shortlisted and applicants have the right to complain if they feel they have been unfairly treated Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 29. Reconsider the purpose of recruitment in light of organization recruitment strategy  Consider strength and weaknesses of current recruitment practices  Consider the external factors militating on recruitment  Consider a wide range of recruitment options  What are the available strategic choices in recruitment  Consider the approach to implementing of recruitment in line with strategy. Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 30.  The rationale is to ascertain the cost benefit of recruitment  The state of the external labour market condition Time duration factor  Nature of the job  Effectiveness of recruitment strategy  Affirmative action  Categorization of candidates e.g age, sex and competencies  Record keeping of recruitment activities Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 31.  is a profession or agency that helps unemployed individuals find work. A job placement agency also provides a service to employers by giving them qualified workers for contract jobs or available positions. Eg in Tanzania we have euro link,  Job placement agencies are service-based businesses that offer two main types of services. One is directed at the job seeker and the other to an employer looking to hire new workers. Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 32. The process of receiving and orienting employees when they first join an organization.  is the process by which new employees are familiarized with the organization and their jobs. IMPORTANCE OF INDUCTION  Reduce staff turnover  Reduce absenteeism  Increase productivity (despite a loss of productive time in the first instance) Madinda WS 08/15/12
  • 33. Facilitate learning and development.  Reduce accidents and incidents and disputes  Increase job satisfaction. The induction process is best carried out as a cooperative effort between HR, line management and line staff. The people who know the jobs best, particularly in terms of socialization, are the workers in the work area. THANK YOU FOR LISTERNING. Madinda WS 08/15/12