Emotions and biases can both hinder critical thinking in certain situations. While emotions are an important part of human experience, being in a strong emotional state can cloud judgement and make it difficult to view issues objectively. Similarly, we all have unconscious biases that stem from our personal experiences and cultural backgrounds. These biases can subtly influence how we evaluate arguments and make decisions. It is important to recognize when emotions or biases may be affecting critical thinking and to make an effort to consider issues from different perspectives.
Disability, Hysteria, and Environmental IllnessMy rank as a .docxsalmonpybus
"Disability, Hysteria, and Environmental Illness"
My rank as a Disability Target is a new concept to me. Prior to March of 2018 I was considered perfectly healthy with no disabilities. From November 2017 through February of 2018, I had a cold that persisted for months. I was congested, coughing all the time and having issues falling asleep because I couldn’t breathe while laying down. At first the doctors gave me cold remedies and antibiotics, treating the condition as a severe cold. After a few months, I was sent to an allergist and I was told I have asthma and am allergic to most of the trees in Washington. My skin even reacted to the saline they used as the control for the test. They then had to perform a different, very painful test to be sure the first diagnosis was accurate because I reacted to saline control. In lieu of my recent transition into being a Disability Target, I decided that “Disability, Hysteria, and Environmental Illness”, was the perfect topic to discuss.
I had a hard time accepting this news. I am an athlete, I play the trombone, and I love climbing trees. How is this possible? I’ve never had problems with my lungs or issues around trees. My entire life up until that diagnosis, I had held Agent Rank in the category Disability. I always thought that asthma was a thing people got if they didn’t go outside or get enough exercise. I believed that if they exerted themselves more, then their lungs would get stronger. When we were kids, my friends and I wouldn’t pick the kid in the neighborhood with the inhaler to be on our team because we wanted to win. I can’t even remember his name. In fact, my first thought when the doctor told me I had asthma was, ‘What? I am not nerdy like… whatever his name!’. I even argued with her about my allergy to the trees in Washington because I had spent the last ten years in Alaska around the same tress and never had a problem. Before being diagnosed, while still a Disability Agent, I was an antagonist. My contribution to oppression was Ableism, using the Agent skills of indifference and distancing to ignore and separate myself from people I didn’t view as equal to me. After being diagnosed, I used the Target skills of Survival and Confusion when questioning medical tests that clearly indicated that I have a disability. As Nieto states, “Confusion skills are a response to the stress caused by oppression and the simultaneous denial that exists.” (p. 155) It became clear to me that I was in denial as an Agent and may still be in denial as a Target.
In an unintentional position of power and control, I used minimizing, denying and blaming to oppress that kid in the neighborhood with asthma. I have always thought of myself as a good person, yet how could I think that way without thinking about the impact my actions had on that kid. Now that I am on the other side, I understand it more. It’s hard to describe what it feels like to try to take a breath but not be able to. Your chest even moves up an.
How (Un)Ethical Are YouMost of us believe that we are ethiLizbethQuinonez813
How (Un)Ethical Are You
Most of us believe that we are ethical and unbiased. We believe that we:
Make good decisions
Are objective, and
Reach fair and rational conclusions
Research shows that in reality most fall short of our inflated self-perception, where we
have the illusion of objectivity
These unconscious or implicit biases can be contrary to our consciously held, explicit beliefs
As leaders we need to let go of the notion that our conscious attitudes always represent what we think
The prevalence of these biases suggests that the most well being person unwittingly allows conscious thoughts and feeling to influence our objective decisions
This article explores four related sources of unintentional unethical decision-making:
Implicit forms of prejudice
Bias that favours one’s own group
A tendency to over-claim credit
Conflict of interest
1. Implicit Prejudice: Bias that emerges from unconscious beliefs
Research shows that people judge according:
to unconscious stereotypes
attitudes, or implicit prejudice
We learn to associate things that commonly go together and expect them to inevitably co-exist
Example:
Thunder and rain, grey hair and old age. We automatically make such associations to help us organize our thoughts. We grow to trust these stereo-types, however, they are binding and typically not accurate
Because implicit prejudice come from the ordinary and unconscious tendency to make associations, it is distinct from conscious forms of prejudice
This explains why people who are free of conscious prejudice still demonstrate biases
Example:
People who had strong implicit biases were less likely to select women for positions who exhibited “masculine” personalities qualities, such as ambition or independence
The biased perception was that these women possessed less social skills than men.
2. In-Group Favouritism: Bias the Favours Your Group
Have you ever helped someone get a position by asking a favour. Few people set out to exclude anyone through such acts of kindness
In-group favouritism amounts to giving extra credit to someone within your group
Yet while discriminating against those who are not part of the group is considered unethical, helping people seemingly close to us is often viewed favourably
Research shows that where people are equally qualified and similar in all respects, the person who is considered “part of the group” will unconsciously be seen to be more qualified
There is no hatred or hostility….this behaviour is the root of discriminatory favouritism
An example of this is where minorities, who are sometimes more qualified, are unconsciously discriminated against
3. Overclaiming Credit: Bias that Favours You
People generally hold positive views about themselves
Studies show that the majority of people consider themselves above average. The more we think of our own contributions, the less fairly we judge others
Research also shows that the more people think o ...
Disability, Hysteria, and Environmental IllnessMy rank as a .docxsalmonpybus
"Disability, Hysteria, and Environmental Illness"
My rank as a Disability Target is a new concept to me. Prior to March of 2018 I was considered perfectly healthy with no disabilities. From November 2017 through February of 2018, I had a cold that persisted for months. I was congested, coughing all the time and having issues falling asleep because I couldn’t breathe while laying down. At first the doctors gave me cold remedies and antibiotics, treating the condition as a severe cold. After a few months, I was sent to an allergist and I was told I have asthma and am allergic to most of the trees in Washington. My skin even reacted to the saline they used as the control for the test. They then had to perform a different, very painful test to be sure the first diagnosis was accurate because I reacted to saline control. In lieu of my recent transition into being a Disability Target, I decided that “Disability, Hysteria, and Environmental Illness”, was the perfect topic to discuss.
I had a hard time accepting this news. I am an athlete, I play the trombone, and I love climbing trees. How is this possible? I’ve never had problems with my lungs or issues around trees. My entire life up until that diagnosis, I had held Agent Rank in the category Disability. I always thought that asthma was a thing people got if they didn’t go outside or get enough exercise. I believed that if they exerted themselves more, then their lungs would get stronger. When we were kids, my friends and I wouldn’t pick the kid in the neighborhood with the inhaler to be on our team because we wanted to win. I can’t even remember his name. In fact, my first thought when the doctor told me I had asthma was, ‘What? I am not nerdy like… whatever his name!’. I even argued with her about my allergy to the trees in Washington because I had spent the last ten years in Alaska around the same tress and never had a problem. Before being diagnosed, while still a Disability Agent, I was an antagonist. My contribution to oppression was Ableism, using the Agent skills of indifference and distancing to ignore and separate myself from people I didn’t view as equal to me. After being diagnosed, I used the Target skills of Survival and Confusion when questioning medical tests that clearly indicated that I have a disability. As Nieto states, “Confusion skills are a response to the stress caused by oppression and the simultaneous denial that exists.” (p. 155) It became clear to me that I was in denial as an Agent and may still be in denial as a Target.
In an unintentional position of power and control, I used minimizing, denying and blaming to oppress that kid in the neighborhood with asthma. I have always thought of myself as a good person, yet how could I think that way without thinking about the impact my actions had on that kid. Now that I am on the other side, I understand it more. It’s hard to describe what it feels like to try to take a breath but not be able to. Your chest even moves up an.
How (Un)Ethical Are YouMost of us believe that we are ethiLizbethQuinonez813
How (Un)Ethical Are You
Most of us believe that we are ethical and unbiased. We believe that we:
Make good decisions
Are objective, and
Reach fair and rational conclusions
Research shows that in reality most fall short of our inflated self-perception, where we
have the illusion of objectivity
These unconscious or implicit biases can be contrary to our consciously held, explicit beliefs
As leaders we need to let go of the notion that our conscious attitudes always represent what we think
The prevalence of these biases suggests that the most well being person unwittingly allows conscious thoughts and feeling to influence our objective decisions
This article explores four related sources of unintentional unethical decision-making:
Implicit forms of prejudice
Bias that favours one’s own group
A tendency to over-claim credit
Conflict of interest
1. Implicit Prejudice: Bias that emerges from unconscious beliefs
Research shows that people judge according:
to unconscious stereotypes
attitudes, or implicit prejudice
We learn to associate things that commonly go together and expect them to inevitably co-exist
Example:
Thunder and rain, grey hair and old age. We automatically make such associations to help us organize our thoughts. We grow to trust these stereo-types, however, they are binding and typically not accurate
Because implicit prejudice come from the ordinary and unconscious tendency to make associations, it is distinct from conscious forms of prejudice
This explains why people who are free of conscious prejudice still demonstrate biases
Example:
People who had strong implicit biases were less likely to select women for positions who exhibited “masculine” personalities qualities, such as ambition or independence
The biased perception was that these women possessed less social skills than men.
2. In-Group Favouritism: Bias the Favours Your Group
Have you ever helped someone get a position by asking a favour. Few people set out to exclude anyone through such acts of kindness
In-group favouritism amounts to giving extra credit to someone within your group
Yet while discriminating against those who are not part of the group is considered unethical, helping people seemingly close to us is often viewed favourably
Research shows that where people are equally qualified and similar in all respects, the person who is considered “part of the group” will unconsciously be seen to be more qualified
There is no hatred or hostility….this behaviour is the root of discriminatory favouritism
An example of this is where minorities, who are sometimes more qualified, are unconsciously discriminated against
3. Overclaiming Credit: Bias that Favours You
People generally hold positive views about themselves
Studies show that the majority of people consider themselves above average. The more we think of our own contributions, the less fairly we judge others
Research also shows that the more people think o ...
AFRICAResearch Paper AssignmentInstructionsOverview.docxSALU18
AFRICA
Research Paper Assignment
Instructions
Overview
In developing your expertise in transnational
organized crime (TOC) you will be writing a series of research papers. All
together the writing contained in all these papers combined would be quite
significant project! You will find that in some modules, the research papers
mimic our readings with respect to subject matter and some modules, the
research papers do not mimic the reading. Again, the goal of these research
papers is to stretch the depth and breadth of your knowledge. You should feel
well prepared to teach a course in TOCs after completing this course. The
research papers and PowerPoints you create could serve as the basis for such
class. Additionally, you will find that this course and the course CJUS701
Comparative Criminal Justice Systems complement each other very well.
Instructions
·
Each
research paper should be a minimum of 6 to 8 pages.
·
The
vast difference in page count is because some countries and/or crime/topics are
quite easy to study and some countries and/or crime/topics have very limited
information.
·
In
some instances, there will be a plethora of information and you must use
skilled writing to maintain proper page count.
·
Please
keep in mind that this is doctoral level analysis and writing – you are to take
the hard-earned road – the road less travelled – the scholarly road in forming
your paper.
·
The
paper must use current APA style, and the page count does not include the title
page, abstract, reference section, or any extra material.
·
The
minimum elements of the paper are listed below.
·
You
must use a
minimum
of 8 recent (some
countries/crimes/topics may have more recent research articles than others),
relevant, and academic (peer review journals preferred and professional
journals allowed if used judiciously) sources, at least 2 sources being the
Holy Bible, and one recent (some countries/crime/topics have more recent than
others) news article. Books may be used
but are considered “additional: sources beyond the stated minimums. You may use
.gov sources as your recent, relevant, and academic sources if the writing is
academic in nature (authored works). You may also use United Nations and
Whitehouse.gov documents as academic documents.
·
Again,
this paper must reflect graduate level research and writing style. If you need to go over the maximum page count
you must obtain professor permission in advance! Please reference the Research
Paper Rubric when creating your research paper.
These are minimum guidelines – you may expand the
topics covered in your papers.
1)
Begin
your paper with a
brief
analysis of the following elements:
a.
Country
analysis
i.
Introduction
to the country
ii.
People
and society of the country
iii.
What
is the basic government structure?
2)
Analyze
the nature of organized crime in the assigned area (you may narrow the scope of
your analysis through your introduction or thesis stat.
Adversarial ProceedingsCritically discuss with your classmates t.docxSALU18
Adversarial Proceedings
Critically discuss with your classmates the claim that adversarial proceedings can be distinguished as relying more on the government’s ability to prove guilt (following specific rules of criminal procedure the defendant’s guilt whereas the inquisitorial process spends more time on investigations to determine if the defendant truly committed the crime).
.
Advances In Management Vol. 9 (5) May (2016)
1
Generation Gaps: Changes in the Workplace due to
Differing Generational Values
Carbary Kelly, Fredericks Elizabeth, Mishra Bharat and Mishra Jitendra*
Management Department, Grand Valley State University, 50 Front Ave, SW Grand Rapids Michigan 49504-6424, USA
*[email protected]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to discuss the
generational gaps that are found in the workplace
today. With multiple generations working together,
and the oldest generation having to work longer and
retire later, generational changes are occurring in the
workplace and for management. There is a lack of
communication and understanding between the
different generations caused through differing values
and goals. Younger generations are also entering
different fields than those that were popular for older
generations. There is a serious new problem in the
workplace, and it has nothing to do with downsizing,
global competition, pointy-haired bosses, stress or
greed. Instead, it is the problem of distinct
generations — the Veterans, the Baby Boomers, Gen
X and Gen Y — working together and often colliding
as their paths cross.
Individuals with different values, different ideas,
different ways of getting things done and different
ways of communicating in the workplace have always
existed. So, why is this becoming a problem now? At
work, generation differences can affect everything
including recruiting, building teams, dealing with
change, motivating, managing, and maintaining and
increasing productivity All of these ideas are
explored, discussed, and evaluated, through looking
at current research on the topic and case studies that
have been conducted not only in the United States but
around the world.
Keywords: Generation gap, workplace, values.
Introduction
Throughout the years, as the population has continued to
both grow and age, it has caused generational changes to
take place in the various aspects of life. With the changes in
the demographics of the world’s population, there have also
been changes in how each group thinks and what they
value. This not only affects the way people behave in their
personal lives, but it also affects the workplace. As
generational changes occur in the workplace, a lack of
communication has caused adisconnect to occur between
the values and goals present among the different age groups
along with newer generations choosing different career
paths.
* Author for Correspondence
In order to understand where these differences stem from,
you need to analyze how each generation is different when
it comes to their beliefs and values. So, it is best to identify
the different groups present in workplace which range from
those born in 1922 to those born in the early 1990’s.
Moving chronologically, the fi.
African-American Literature An introduction to major African-Americ.docxSALU18
African-American Literature: An introduction to major African-American writers from the earliest expressions to the present. An examination of the cultural milieu from which the writing arose, the ideological stance of each writer studied, and the styles and structure of the works considered
8 wks
.
African American Women and Healthcare I want to explain how heal.docxSALU18
African American Women and Healthcare
I want to explain how healthcare is perceived in the African American community especially amongst women and if their concerns and apprehension are justified. The paper must include a title page, introduction section, abstract section, literature review section, methods section, results section, discussion section, and a signature page. I will attach some samples that were given to me.
.
Advocacy & Legislation in Early Childhood EducationAdvocacy & Le.docxSALU18
Advocacy & Legislation in Early Childhood Education
Advocacy & Legislation in Early Childhood Education
Advocating for Early Childhood Education
Rasmussen College
COURSE#: EEC 4910
Doreen Anzalone
July 15, 2019
Advocating for Early Childhood Education
· What is advocacy?
Advocacy is how we support our children. We as teachers give advice for our children or we listen. We let the children and families know that we believe in them and we will be there for them. Teachers, admin, staff can advocate for children as long as they are in school. Advocates are also trained people and they are not lawyers. One of their responsibility is to stay up to date with the regulations of the educational laws.
· Why is advocacy important to early childhood education?
Its important to help the families because they might be vulnerable in society. We as teachers need to make sure our children and families are being heard. We as teachers need to make sure their wishes and views are being considered when it’s about their child or family. Its because we are helping the family make life decisions about their children and even their family life. Its also important to make sure we are not judging the family or having or our own personal opinions about what is going on when we are helping advocate for the family, we need to make sure we are stating the facts for the family.
· What is your role as an early childhood educator in making legislative changes?
Our role is to be able to email them or decide how to get a hold of them and let them know our questions, comments or suggestions on things that need to be changed, updated. We need to let them know so we can support our school, children, and families. It is our role as educators to stay aware of the laws. The Federal laws we need to make sure we are aware of the
· Family Education Rights & Poverty Act
· The No Child Left Behind
· Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
With these laws and many more they need to hear from schools in the United States. The federal laws mean we need to address the issues. These issues usually involve infringement of the student’s rights and they are to protect the rights. The state laws depend on the state you are in. The state laws this is where you would go if you have a problem or need to voice about
· Teacher Retirement
· Teacher evaluations
· Charter schools
· State Testing requirements
· The required learning standards
· Much more
Your school board is also a great place to help with policies and regulations and any revisions that need to be done.
· What ethical issues must early childhood education professionals consider related to advocacy and why do those issues exit?
In NAEYC the code of Ethical Conduct and in their it describes how any educator is required to act and what they do and not to do. At times as an educator as staff we tend to do what is the simplest or sometimes, we want to please others but when it comes to this, we must remember to follow our responsi.
Advertising is one of the most common forms of visual persuasion we .docxSALU18
Advertising is one of the most common forms of visual persuasion we encounter in everyday life. The influence of advertising in our society is persuasive and subtle. Part of its power comes from our habit of internalizing the intended messages of words and images without thinking deeply about them. Once we begin decoding the ways in which advertisements are constructed, once we view them critically, we can understand how, or if, they work as arguments. We may then make better decisions about whether to buy products and what factors convinced us or failed to convince us.
What are the different forms of advertising?
Modern media comes in many different formats, including print media (books, magazines, newspapers), television, movies, video games, music, cell phones, various kinds of software, and the Internet. Each type of media involves both content and also a device or object through which that content is delivered.
TEAM TASK:
As a team you are going to Review Chapter 4: Visual Rhetoric: Thinking About Images as Arguments. You will
be assigned a Section of the Chapter (written, visual, unfit, political, caricature, photography-maps graphs charts ) and as a Team you willResearch
the content of that Chapter Area (you will see topic page overlap ) and implement the following:
You will look at and interpret a media campaign or advertisement. Focus on social or ethical aspects * Seek to find one or more of the FALLACY TYPES identified Chapter 9 pages 363- 380. Include this information in your findings. Consider and incorporate as many of the following 16 categories :
The objectives: What role does the ad play in the economy?
The audience: Is it targeted to a group that could be considered vulnerable?
Effectiveness: Does it promote something that is socially desirable?
Role in marketing mix: What role does the ad play in the economy?
Image, product differentiation and branding: Is the ad misleading?
Other promotion factors
The unique selling proposition.
The basis for the appeal(s).
How would you make improvements?
The creative philosophy
The slogan
Secondary or supporting points or claims
The tone or mood and manner: Is the ad misleading?
Type of presenter
The motivational appeal: Does it promote something that is socially desirable?
Executional style
Each TEAM will develop a
15 minute class presentation
about their researched area. You have
options to use
power points, maps, videos, and other resources that will help educate your audience about your research.
Your Presentation should include:
A Power Point, the media piece or some type of visual presentation~~
A Question and Answer {Q & A} & Interactive session, quiz,.
Adult Health 1 Study GuideSensory Unit Chapters 63 & 64.docxSALU18
Adult Health 1 Study Guide
Sensory Unit
Chapters 63 & 64
Remember that assigned textbook readings should be supplemental to reviewing & studying the Powerpoint presentations. Answers to these study guide questions can be obtained from the textbook chapters, Powerpoint presentations, as well as class lectures & in-class activities.
Chapter 63: Assessment & Management of Patients with Eye & Vision Disorders
Conditions to Know
: Glaucoma, Cataracts, Retinal Detachment, Macular Degeneration, Conjunctivitis, Eye trauma
· Know the basic structures & functions of the eye – lens, pupil, iris, cornea, conjunctiva, retina, and sclera
· Questions to ask patients regarding issues with the eyes/vision – Chart 63-1
· Snellen Chart is used to assess visual acuity – 20/20 is considered perfect vision (patient can read line 20 of chart while standing 20 feet away) – this is tested in each eye
1. What are some of the most common causes of blindness?
2. What is responsible for the damage to the optic nerve in patients diagnosed with glaucoma?
3. Glaucoma can lead to what primary complication if not treated properly?
4. What are the differences between open-angle & closed-angle glaucoma?
5. What are the primary signs & symptoms of glaucoma?
6. What are the primary treatment goals for patients with glaucoma?
7. What is the first line treatment of glaucoma? What medication teaching points would you want to include in your patient education?
8. What are some common risk factors for the development of cataracts? See Chart 63-7.
9. What are the primary signs & symptoms of cataracts?
10. The most common treatment for cataracts is outpatient surgery, in which the lens affected by the cataract is replaced with a man-made one. Explain the pre and post-operative nursing management & education that is needed for patients undergoing cataract surgery. See Chart 63-8.
11. Retinal detachment is considered a medical emergency. What happens during retinal detachment?
12. What are some symptoms of retinal detachment?
13. Macular degeneration is the most common cause of vision loss in people > 60 years old. What is macular degeneration?
14. What are some risk factors for dry macular degeneration?
15. What are some signs and symptoms of macular degeneration?
16. Nursing management for patients diagnosed with macular degeneration focus on safety & supportive measures. What are some accommodations we should make or educate patients on regarding how to help improve their vision & ADLs when they have this condition?
17. Conjunctivitis is also called “pink eye”. What are the different types of conjunctivitis and what are some symptoms of this condition? Are any of these types considered contagious?
18. What are some teaching points to include when educating a patient diagnosed with viral conjunctivitis? See Chart 63-11.
19. Explain the emergency nursing treatment needed when a patient presents with eye trauma.
Chapter 64: Assessment & Manag.
Advertising Campaign Management Part 3Jennifer Sundstrom-F.docxSALU18
Advertising Campaign Management
Part 3
Jennifer Sundstrom-Fitzgerald
1
Learning Objectives
Analyze advertising campaign parameters
Identify how a creative brief facilitates effective advertising
Describe the implications of advertising management in the global arena
2
Advertising Campaign Parameters
Advertising goals
Media selection
Tagline
Consistency
Positioning
Campaign duration
Effective advertising campaigns require careful planning and attention to specific parameters including Advertising goals, media selection, tagline, consistency, positioning and campaign duration. We will review each parameter beginning with goals.
3
Advertising Goals
A primary goal of advertising is to build brand awareness among existing and new customers. The creative should inform and persuade them to make purchases and build brand loyalty.
4
Build brand awareness
Inform, persuade, support marketing efforts
Encourage purchase decisions
Building Brand Awareness
Successful brands possess two characteristics. Top-of-mind are brands a consumer mentions first when asked about brands in a particular product category – these are brands in our Evoked Set. Top choice is the brand within a product category that consumers prefer the most. So top choice requires top-of-mind. Brand equity, which is the level of brand strength perceived by consumers, leads to top-of-mind and top choice brands.
This is also applicable on the B2B side when business people are faced with modified rebuy situations. A common dilemma I had was for every Fox Graduation Ceremony, there are three per year, and the need for graduation program booklets. There was a printer who I always wanted to hire because I enjoyed working with them, they always had fair prices and delivered high-quality programs in a timely manner. However, due to non-profit regulations, I had to bid the job to at least three vendors. So my top-of-mind, first choice brand was always included but I had to add two other vendors as well. Tell story about Bill DeVece and misspelled student names and how wonderful he was in fixing these issues.
5
Brand image begins with awareness
Consumers recognize the brand
Brand equity leads to top-of-mind and top choice
B2B important in modified rebuy situations
Building Brand Awareness
Successful brands possess:
Top-of-mind
Top choice
The 10 Most Valuable Brands in the World per 2018 study
Coca Cola brand is a good example of a brand with these characteristics. Here is a recent list of a top 10 most valuable and recognized list of global brands. (click link)
6
Goal to Persuade
Dare to be Devoted Campaign
Every Kiss Begins with Kay Campaign
Another common goal of advertising is to persuade consumers that a particular brand is superior to others and should be their top choice. Both of these brands, owned by the same parent company (Signet), do extensive advertising, but only Kay Jewelers has successfully used the same slogan, “Every Kiss Begins w.
Adopt-a-Plant Project guidelinesOverviewThe purpose of this.docxSALU18
Adopt-a-Plant Project guidelines
Overview:
The purpose of this project is for you to choose a plant, conduct online research into the biology of the plant, and communicate what you have learned. You will be preparing an annotated bibliography on the plant you choose. The entire project is worth 50 points
Annotated Bibliography (50 points)
You will prepare an annotated bibliography with a list of the top 10 most interesting facts about your plant.
· Each fact should be paraphrased (i.e. written in your own words, no quotations allowed).
· Then tell me why this is interesting to you – make connections to your life or to currents issues in our world.
· Finally, give a full citation and tell me why you think this is a reliable, trustworthy source. Use this libguide to help you come up with reasons why your source is trustworthy.
· At least one of your sources should be from a peer-reviewed, science journal article.
Here is an example:
Fact 1: Taxol is a chemotherapy agent derived from the bark of the Pacific Yew Tree. The chemical itself is derived from a fungal endophtye within the bark. I thought this was very interesting, because the Pacific Yew tree is native to the state of Washington, and my aunt Jane received Taxol while undergoing chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. I also thought it was interesting because of the mutualistic relationship between the plant and the fungus.Citation: Plant natural products from cultured multipotent cells
Roberts, Susan; Kolewe, Martin. Nature Biotechnology28.11 (Nov 2010): 1175-6.
This is a reliable source because it is published in a peer-reviewed science journal article, written by two PhDs that are providing a review of the current literature on the topic
To complete the assignment, you should first choose a plant, gather articles discussing your plant, read the articles sufficiently enough to discuss the plant, and finally write the annotated bibliography. You are expected to produce original work, and any plagiarism will receive a zero. The paper should be double-spaced, and typed in 12 point font size, with normal margins. The instructions for how to properly cite your sources are at the end of this handout.
*** Reminder: The scientific name of a plant should always be typed in italics, with the first letter of the Genus capitalized. For ex.: Digitalis lanata. When you search for information on your plant online, make sure to use the scientific name, which will bring back a wider variety of results
The bibliography is worth 50 points and will be graded on:
1. Effort
• Quality of references
•Depth/breadth/quality of material covered
2. Following directions/ requirements
I will use the following rubric to grade your bibliography:
Research, Critical Reading and Documentation
Balanced, authoritative sources; correctly cited sources; effectively integrated outside sources. Most sources from science journals
10 pts
Effective sources, correctly cited, Could have a few more.
ADM2302 M, N, P and Q Assignment # 4 Winter 2020 Page 1 .docxSALU18
ADM2302 M, N, P and Q Assignment # 4
Winter 2020 Page 1
Assignment # 4
Decision Analysis and Project Scheduling
ADM2302 students are reminded that submitted assignments must be typed (i.e. can NOT be hand
written), neat, readable, and well-organized. Assignment marks will be adjusted for sloppiness, poor
grammar, spelling, for technical errors as well as if you submit a PDF file.
The assignment is to be submitted electronically as a single Word Document file via Brightspace by
Friday April 3rd prior to 23:59. Front page of the Word document has to include title of the assignment,
course code and section, student name and student number. Second page is the individual/group
statement of integrity that must be signed.
E-mail questions related to the assignment should be sent to the Teaching Assistant or posted on the
Brightspace course website “Discussion page” (viewed by all).
Section M: Parisa Keshavarz ([email protected])
Section N: : Niki Khorasanizadeh ([email protected])
Section P: Makbule Kandakoglu ([email protected])
Section Q: Afshin Kamyabniya ([email protected])
Problem 1: Payoffs/Decision Table (13 points)
A small building contractor has recently experienced two successive years in which work opportunities
exceeded the firm’s capacity. The contractor must now make a decision on capacity for next year.
Estimated profits (in $ thousands) under each of the two possible states of nature are as shown in the
table below.
NEXT YEAR’S DEMAND
Alternative Low High
Do nothing
Expand
Subcontract
$50**
20
40
$60
80
70
** Profit in $ thousands.
Which alternative should be selected if the decision criterion is:
a. The optimistic approach? (3 points)
b. The conservative approach? (3 points)
c. Minimize the regret? (7 points)
Problem 2: Payoffs/Decision Table (15 points)
Dorothy Stanyard has three major routes to take to work. She can take Tennessee Street the entire way,
she can take several back streets to work, or she can use the expressway. The traffic patterns are,
however, very complex. Under good conditions, Tennessee Street is the fastest route. When Tennessee
is congested, one of the other routes is preferable. Over the past two months, Dorothy has tried each of
route several times under different traffic conditions. This information is summarized in minutes of
travel time to work in the following table:
mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
ADM2302 M, N, P and Q Assignment # 4
Winter 2020 Page 2
No Traffic Congestion
(Minutes)
Mild Traffic
Congestion
(Minutes)
Severe Traffic
Congestion
(Minutes)
Tennessee Street
Back roads
Expressway
15
20
30
30
25
30
45
35
30
In the past 60 days, Dorothy encountered severe traffic congestion 10 days and mild traffic congestion
20 days. Assume that the past 60 days are typical of traffi.
After completing the assessment, my Signature Theme Report produ.docxSALU18
After completing the assessment, my Signature Theme Report produced the following results: Communication, Relator, Individualization, Consistency, and Strategic. When I first saw the themes presented, I was a little skeptical at first but after reading the detailed descriptions I felt like it made a lot of sense and mirrored a lot of what I had already thought about myself.
A core value that I would like to continue to strengthen would be the value of acceptance. One of my top five themes was relator which explained that I have a comfortability with gravitating towards people I already know and building relationships from there. I don’t have issues with making new relationships, but I can see that sometimes I close myself off initially to embracing new ones. With acceptance, you have to understand that there are some situations you can control and some that you can’t but embracing the latter can lead to new experiences that could be beneficial (Riley, 2021). Another core value that I would like to improve upon would be calmness. This fits in well with my theme of consistency. While I am a firm believer of things being fair and consistent, I can get easily upset when things don’t balance out like they are expected to. I know that working on being calm in tense situations will help me adapt easier when things don’t always work out as they should.
One of the strengths that I would like to embrace fully and continue to improve upon is communication. It was no surprise to me that communication was at the top of my list for my themes. When I am in a position of leadership at work, I make it a priority to keep my staff updated on everything that is going on for that night and it is something I expect from my charge nurse when I am working the floor also. A communicator is only effective when they are aware of their style of communicating and how others perceive or respond to it (Marshall & Broome, 2021). As a communicator I know that I can always work on how I communicate non-verbally and with body language especially. The other strength that I would like to continue to work on is of being strategic. The report explained that the strategic theme fit me because I am able to sort through the clutter and find the best route when I am trying to accomplish something. I really believe this about myself because when I have a task I need to accomplish, whether I am in a leader position or not, I will break everything down and reorganize it to make sure I have come up with the best solution. I feel like the best way to do something is the way that makes it concise and without a lot of excess getting in the way.
A characteristic of mine that I would like to strengthen would be that of instinct. My theme of individualization points out that I have an instinct about others and how they work and function. I have always felt that I easily read people and can get a sense of who they truly are and for example in the workplace how they are as a staff member. S.
After careful reading of the case material, consider and fully answe.docxSALU18
After careful reading of the case material, consider and fully answer the following questions:
1. What were the primary reasons for changing the current system at Butler?
2. What role did Butler's IS department play?
3. List the objectives of the pilot. Were there any problems?
4. Do you think Butler made the right decision to utilize this new technology? What implications does this decision hold for Butler's IT department in the long run?
NOTE: Butler refers to it's IT department as IR. You may consider these two acronyms as synonymous (i.e. IT = IS = IR for purposes of this assignment)
.
Affluent
Be unique to
Conform
Debatable
Dominant
Enforce
Ethnic
Internalize
Rank
Restrict
You will write your own sentences using each of the vocabulary words. The sentence
must be an
original sentence
created by you, AND it must use the vocabulary word correctly.
Your sentence
MUST
demonstrate that you understand the meaning of the word.
.
Advanced persistent threats (APTs) have been thrust into the spotlig.docxSALU18
Advanced persistent threats (APTs) have been thrust into the spotlight due to their advanced tactics, techniques, procedures, and tools. These APTs are resourced unlike other types of cyber threat actors.
Your chief technology officer (CTO) has formed teams to each develop a detailed analysis and presentation of a specific APT, which she will assign to the team.
.
Your report should use
The Cybersecurity Threat Landscape Team Assignment Resources
to cover the following five areas:
Part 1: Threat Landscape Analysis
Provide a detailed analysis of the threat landscape today.
What has changed in the past few years?
Describe common tactics, techniques, and procedures to include threat actor types.
What are the exploit vectors and vulnerabilities threat actors are predicted to take advantage of?
Part 2: APT Analysis
Provide detailed analysis and description of the APT your group was assigned. Describe the specific tactics used to gain access to the target(s).
Describe the tools used. Describe what the objective of the APT was/is. Was it successful?
Part 3: Cybersecurity Tools, Tactics, and Procedures
Describe current hardware- and software-based cybersecurity tools, tactics, and procedures.
Consider the hardware and software solutions deployed today in the context of defense-in-depth.
Elaborate on why these devices are not successful against the APTs.
Part 4: Machine Learning and Data Analytics
Describe the concepts of machine learning and data analytics and how applying them to cybersecurity will evolve the field.
Are there companies providing innovative defensive cybersecurity measures based on these technologies? If so, what are they? Would you recommend any of these to the CTO?
Part 5: Using Machine Learning and Data Analytics to Prevent APT
Describe how machine learning and data analytics could have detected and/or prevented the APT you analyzed had the victim organization deployed these technologies at the time of the event. Be specific.
Part 6: Ethics in Cybersecurity.
Ethical issues are at the core of what we do as cybersecurity professionals. Think of the example of a cyber defender working in a hospital. They are charged with securing the network, medical devices, and protecting sensitive personal health information from unauthorized disclosure. They are not only protecting patient privacy but their health and perhaps even their lives. Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability - the C-I-A triad - and many other cybersecurity practices are increasingly at play in protecting citizens in all walks of life and in all sectors. Thus, acting in an ethical manner is one of the hallmarks of cybersecurity professionals.
Do you think the vulnerability(ies) exploited by the APT constitutes an ethical failure by the defender? Why or why not?
For the APT scenario your group studied, were there identifiable harms to privacy or property? How are these harms linked to C-I-A? If not, what ethically si.
Advanced persistent threatRecommendations for remediation .docxSALU18
Advanced persistent threat
Recommendations for remediation of the threat
Research the use of network security controls associated to your threat and industry
Do Not use topics network security,VPN,FIREWALL,ETC
10-12 pages. Double spaced APA style
At least 10 REFERENCES
5 ATLEASt PEER REVIEWED SCHOLARLY
.
Adultism refers to the oppression of young people by adults. The pop.docxSALU18
Adultism refers to the oppression of young people by adults. The popular saying "children should be seen and not heard" is used as a way to remind a child of his or her place and reaffirm the adult's power in the relationship. The saying suggests that children's voices are not as important or as valid as an adult's and they should remain quiet. Children are often relegated to subordinate positions due to socially constructed beliefs about what they can or cannot accomplish or what they should or should not do; this in turn compromises youth's self-determination. This oppression is further highlighted when considering the intersection of age with race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and sexual orientation. You will be asked to consider all of these when reviewing the Logan case and Parker case.
By Day 3
Post
an analysis of the influence of adultism in the Logan case. Then, explain how gender, race, class, and privilege interact with adultism to influence the family's discourse related to Eboni's pregnancy as well as other family dynamics.
.
ADVANCE v.09212015
•
APPLICANT DIVERSITY STATEMENT IN FACULTY SEARCH PROCESS
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
1) How does University of California define “diversity?”
A: The academic senate adopted in 2009 the following broad definition of diversity:
Diversity - defining features of California past, present and future - refers to a variety of
personal experiences, values, and worldviews that arise from differences of culture and
circumstance. Such differences include race, ethnicity, gender, age, religion, language,
abilities/disabilities, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, geographic region and more.
2) Why does UC Irvine expect a diversity statement from applicants for faculty positions?
A: UC Irvine’s commitment to inclusive excellence is integral to our ascendancy among globally
preeminent universities. It provides applicants with an opportunity to discuss how their past or
future contributions will advance this enduring campus commitment. For more information,
please see the Provost’s memo on Inclusive Excellence.
3) Is the diversity statement consistent with University of California policy?
A: Yes. APM 210.1-d, which governs appointment, appraisal and promotion, recommends that
faculty be both encouraged and rewarded for activity that promotes inclusive excellence:
“The University of California is committed to excellence and equity in every facet of its mission.
Teaching, research, professional and public service contributions that promote diversity and
equal opportunity are to be encouraged and given recognition in the evaluation of the
candidate's qualifications. These contributions to diversity and equal opportunity can take
a variety of forms including efforts to advance equitable access to education, public
service that addresses the needs of California's diverse population, or research in a
scholar's area of expertise that highlights inequities.”
4) Is UC Irvine alone among UC campuses in adopting this statement?
A: No. UC San Diego adopted this statement in 2010.
5) How will applicants learn about the diversity statement expectation?
A: Per Provost Gillman’s memo of June 2014, all ads for faculty positions will include the following
sentence: “Applicants are encouraged to share how their past and/or potential contributions to
diversity, equity and inclusion will advance UC Irvine’s commitment to inclusive excellence.”
6) How do applicants provide their diversity statement?
A: There is a dedicated field in UC Recruit for applicants to submit their diversity statement.
7) If an applicant does not provide a diversity statement, will his or her application be considered
incomplete?
A: Yes
http://www.provost.uci.edu/news/InclusiveExcellence.html
http://www.ucop.edu/academic-personnel/_files/apm/apm-210.pdf
http://www.provost.uci.edu/news/Diversity-Statement-June-2014.html
ADVANCE v.09212015
8) What are the components of a diversity statement?
.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
AFRICAResearch Paper AssignmentInstructionsOverview.docxSALU18
AFRICA
Research Paper Assignment
Instructions
Overview
In developing your expertise in transnational
organized crime (TOC) you will be writing a series of research papers. All
together the writing contained in all these papers combined would be quite
significant project! You will find that in some modules, the research papers
mimic our readings with respect to subject matter and some modules, the
research papers do not mimic the reading. Again, the goal of these research
papers is to stretch the depth and breadth of your knowledge. You should feel
well prepared to teach a course in TOCs after completing this course. The
research papers and PowerPoints you create could serve as the basis for such
class. Additionally, you will find that this course and the course CJUS701
Comparative Criminal Justice Systems complement each other very well.
Instructions
·
Each
research paper should be a minimum of 6 to 8 pages.
·
The
vast difference in page count is because some countries and/or crime/topics are
quite easy to study and some countries and/or crime/topics have very limited
information.
·
In
some instances, there will be a plethora of information and you must use
skilled writing to maintain proper page count.
·
Please
keep in mind that this is doctoral level analysis and writing – you are to take
the hard-earned road – the road less travelled – the scholarly road in forming
your paper.
·
The
paper must use current APA style, and the page count does not include the title
page, abstract, reference section, or any extra material.
·
The
minimum elements of the paper are listed below.
·
You
must use a
minimum
of 8 recent (some
countries/crimes/topics may have more recent research articles than others),
relevant, and academic (peer review journals preferred and professional
journals allowed if used judiciously) sources, at least 2 sources being the
Holy Bible, and one recent (some countries/crime/topics have more recent than
others) news article. Books may be used
but are considered “additional: sources beyond the stated minimums. You may use
.gov sources as your recent, relevant, and academic sources if the writing is
academic in nature (authored works). You may also use United Nations and
Whitehouse.gov documents as academic documents.
·
Again,
this paper must reflect graduate level research and writing style. If you need to go over the maximum page count
you must obtain professor permission in advance! Please reference the Research
Paper Rubric when creating your research paper.
These are minimum guidelines – you may expand the
topics covered in your papers.
1)
Begin
your paper with a
brief
analysis of the following elements:
a.
Country
analysis
i.
Introduction
to the country
ii.
People
and society of the country
iii.
What
is the basic government structure?
2)
Analyze
the nature of organized crime in the assigned area (you may narrow the scope of
your analysis through your introduction or thesis stat.
Adversarial ProceedingsCritically discuss with your classmates t.docxSALU18
Adversarial Proceedings
Critically discuss with your classmates the claim that adversarial proceedings can be distinguished as relying more on the government’s ability to prove guilt (following specific rules of criminal procedure the defendant’s guilt whereas the inquisitorial process spends more time on investigations to determine if the defendant truly committed the crime).
.
Advances In Management Vol. 9 (5) May (2016)
1
Generation Gaps: Changes in the Workplace due to
Differing Generational Values
Carbary Kelly, Fredericks Elizabeth, Mishra Bharat and Mishra Jitendra*
Management Department, Grand Valley State University, 50 Front Ave, SW Grand Rapids Michigan 49504-6424, USA
*[email protected]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to discuss the
generational gaps that are found in the workplace
today. With multiple generations working together,
and the oldest generation having to work longer and
retire later, generational changes are occurring in the
workplace and for management. There is a lack of
communication and understanding between the
different generations caused through differing values
and goals. Younger generations are also entering
different fields than those that were popular for older
generations. There is a serious new problem in the
workplace, and it has nothing to do with downsizing,
global competition, pointy-haired bosses, stress or
greed. Instead, it is the problem of distinct
generations — the Veterans, the Baby Boomers, Gen
X and Gen Y — working together and often colliding
as their paths cross.
Individuals with different values, different ideas,
different ways of getting things done and different
ways of communicating in the workplace have always
existed. So, why is this becoming a problem now? At
work, generation differences can affect everything
including recruiting, building teams, dealing with
change, motivating, managing, and maintaining and
increasing productivity All of these ideas are
explored, discussed, and evaluated, through looking
at current research on the topic and case studies that
have been conducted not only in the United States but
around the world.
Keywords: Generation gap, workplace, values.
Introduction
Throughout the years, as the population has continued to
both grow and age, it has caused generational changes to
take place in the various aspects of life. With the changes in
the demographics of the world’s population, there have also
been changes in how each group thinks and what they
value. This not only affects the way people behave in their
personal lives, but it also affects the workplace. As
generational changes occur in the workplace, a lack of
communication has caused adisconnect to occur between
the values and goals present among the different age groups
along with newer generations choosing different career
paths.
* Author for Correspondence
In order to understand where these differences stem from,
you need to analyze how each generation is different when
it comes to their beliefs and values. So, it is best to identify
the different groups present in workplace which range from
those born in 1922 to those born in the early 1990’s.
Moving chronologically, the fi.
African-American Literature An introduction to major African-Americ.docxSALU18
African-American Literature: An introduction to major African-American writers from the earliest expressions to the present. An examination of the cultural milieu from which the writing arose, the ideological stance of each writer studied, and the styles and structure of the works considered
8 wks
.
African American Women and Healthcare I want to explain how heal.docxSALU18
African American Women and Healthcare
I want to explain how healthcare is perceived in the African American community especially amongst women and if their concerns and apprehension are justified. The paper must include a title page, introduction section, abstract section, literature review section, methods section, results section, discussion section, and a signature page. I will attach some samples that were given to me.
.
Advocacy & Legislation in Early Childhood EducationAdvocacy & Le.docxSALU18
Advocacy & Legislation in Early Childhood Education
Advocacy & Legislation in Early Childhood Education
Advocating for Early Childhood Education
Rasmussen College
COURSE#: EEC 4910
Doreen Anzalone
July 15, 2019
Advocating for Early Childhood Education
· What is advocacy?
Advocacy is how we support our children. We as teachers give advice for our children or we listen. We let the children and families know that we believe in them and we will be there for them. Teachers, admin, staff can advocate for children as long as they are in school. Advocates are also trained people and they are not lawyers. One of their responsibility is to stay up to date with the regulations of the educational laws.
· Why is advocacy important to early childhood education?
Its important to help the families because they might be vulnerable in society. We as teachers need to make sure our children and families are being heard. We as teachers need to make sure their wishes and views are being considered when it’s about their child or family. Its because we are helping the family make life decisions about their children and even their family life. Its also important to make sure we are not judging the family or having or our own personal opinions about what is going on when we are helping advocate for the family, we need to make sure we are stating the facts for the family.
· What is your role as an early childhood educator in making legislative changes?
Our role is to be able to email them or decide how to get a hold of them and let them know our questions, comments or suggestions on things that need to be changed, updated. We need to let them know so we can support our school, children, and families. It is our role as educators to stay aware of the laws. The Federal laws we need to make sure we are aware of the
· Family Education Rights & Poverty Act
· The No Child Left Behind
· Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
With these laws and many more they need to hear from schools in the United States. The federal laws mean we need to address the issues. These issues usually involve infringement of the student’s rights and they are to protect the rights. The state laws depend on the state you are in. The state laws this is where you would go if you have a problem or need to voice about
· Teacher Retirement
· Teacher evaluations
· Charter schools
· State Testing requirements
· The required learning standards
· Much more
Your school board is also a great place to help with policies and regulations and any revisions that need to be done.
· What ethical issues must early childhood education professionals consider related to advocacy and why do those issues exit?
In NAEYC the code of Ethical Conduct and in their it describes how any educator is required to act and what they do and not to do. At times as an educator as staff we tend to do what is the simplest or sometimes, we want to please others but when it comes to this, we must remember to follow our responsi.
Advertising is one of the most common forms of visual persuasion we .docxSALU18
Advertising is one of the most common forms of visual persuasion we encounter in everyday life. The influence of advertising in our society is persuasive and subtle. Part of its power comes from our habit of internalizing the intended messages of words and images without thinking deeply about them. Once we begin decoding the ways in which advertisements are constructed, once we view them critically, we can understand how, or if, they work as arguments. We may then make better decisions about whether to buy products and what factors convinced us or failed to convince us.
What are the different forms of advertising?
Modern media comes in many different formats, including print media (books, magazines, newspapers), television, movies, video games, music, cell phones, various kinds of software, and the Internet. Each type of media involves both content and also a device or object through which that content is delivered.
TEAM TASK:
As a team you are going to Review Chapter 4: Visual Rhetoric: Thinking About Images as Arguments. You will
be assigned a Section of the Chapter (written, visual, unfit, political, caricature, photography-maps graphs charts ) and as a Team you willResearch
the content of that Chapter Area (you will see topic page overlap ) and implement the following:
You will look at and interpret a media campaign or advertisement. Focus on social or ethical aspects * Seek to find one or more of the FALLACY TYPES identified Chapter 9 pages 363- 380. Include this information in your findings. Consider and incorporate as many of the following 16 categories :
The objectives: What role does the ad play in the economy?
The audience: Is it targeted to a group that could be considered vulnerable?
Effectiveness: Does it promote something that is socially desirable?
Role in marketing mix: What role does the ad play in the economy?
Image, product differentiation and branding: Is the ad misleading?
Other promotion factors
The unique selling proposition.
The basis for the appeal(s).
How would you make improvements?
The creative philosophy
The slogan
Secondary or supporting points or claims
The tone or mood and manner: Is the ad misleading?
Type of presenter
The motivational appeal: Does it promote something that is socially desirable?
Executional style
Each TEAM will develop a
15 minute class presentation
about their researched area. You have
options to use
power points, maps, videos, and other resources that will help educate your audience about your research.
Your Presentation should include:
A Power Point, the media piece or some type of visual presentation~~
A Question and Answer {Q & A} & Interactive session, quiz,.
Adult Health 1 Study GuideSensory Unit Chapters 63 & 64.docxSALU18
Adult Health 1 Study Guide
Sensory Unit
Chapters 63 & 64
Remember that assigned textbook readings should be supplemental to reviewing & studying the Powerpoint presentations. Answers to these study guide questions can be obtained from the textbook chapters, Powerpoint presentations, as well as class lectures & in-class activities.
Chapter 63: Assessment & Management of Patients with Eye & Vision Disorders
Conditions to Know
: Glaucoma, Cataracts, Retinal Detachment, Macular Degeneration, Conjunctivitis, Eye trauma
· Know the basic structures & functions of the eye – lens, pupil, iris, cornea, conjunctiva, retina, and sclera
· Questions to ask patients regarding issues with the eyes/vision – Chart 63-1
· Snellen Chart is used to assess visual acuity – 20/20 is considered perfect vision (patient can read line 20 of chart while standing 20 feet away) – this is tested in each eye
1. What are some of the most common causes of blindness?
2. What is responsible for the damage to the optic nerve in patients diagnosed with glaucoma?
3. Glaucoma can lead to what primary complication if not treated properly?
4. What are the differences between open-angle & closed-angle glaucoma?
5. What are the primary signs & symptoms of glaucoma?
6. What are the primary treatment goals for patients with glaucoma?
7. What is the first line treatment of glaucoma? What medication teaching points would you want to include in your patient education?
8. What are some common risk factors for the development of cataracts? See Chart 63-7.
9. What are the primary signs & symptoms of cataracts?
10. The most common treatment for cataracts is outpatient surgery, in which the lens affected by the cataract is replaced with a man-made one. Explain the pre and post-operative nursing management & education that is needed for patients undergoing cataract surgery. See Chart 63-8.
11. Retinal detachment is considered a medical emergency. What happens during retinal detachment?
12. What are some symptoms of retinal detachment?
13. Macular degeneration is the most common cause of vision loss in people > 60 years old. What is macular degeneration?
14. What are some risk factors for dry macular degeneration?
15. What are some signs and symptoms of macular degeneration?
16. Nursing management for patients diagnosed with macular degeneration focus on safety & supportive measures. What are some accommodations we should make or educate patients on regarding how to help improve their vision & ADLs when they have this condition?
17. Conjunctivitis is also called “pink eye”. What are the different types of conjunctivitis and what are some symptoms of this condition? Are any of these types considered contagious?
18. What are some teaching points to include when educating a patient diagnosed with viral conjunctivitis? See Chart 63-11.
19. Explain the emergency nursing treatment needed when a patient presents with eye trauma.
Chapter 64: Assessment & Manag.
Advertising Campaign Management Part 3Jennifer Sundstrom-F.docxSALU18
Advertising Campaign Management
Part 3
Jennifer Sundstrom-Fitzgerald
1
Learning Objectives
Analyze advertising campaign parameters
Identify how a creative brief facilitates effective advertising
Describe the implications of advertising management in the global arena
2
Advertising Campaign Parameters
Advertising goals
Media selection
Tagline
Consistency
Positioning
Campaign duration
Effective advertising campaigns require careful planning and attention to specific parameters including Advertising goals, media selection, tagline, consistency, positioning and campaign duration. We will review each parameter beginning with goals.
3
Advertising Goals
A primary goal of advertising is to build brand awareness among existing and new customers. The creative should inform and persuade them to make purchases and build brand loyalty.
4
Build brand awareness
Inform, persuade, support marketing efforts
Encourage purchase decisions
Building Brand Awareness
Successful brands possess two characteristics. Top-of-mind are brands a consumer mentions first when asked about brands in a particular product category – these are brands in our Evoked Set. Top choice is the brand within a product category that consumers prefer the most. So top choice requires top-of-mind. Brand equity, which is the level of brand strength perceived by consumers, leads to top-of-mind and top choice brands.
This is also applicable on the B2B side when business people are faced with modified rebuy situations. A common dilemma I had was for every Fox Graduation Ceremony, there are three per year, and the need for graduation program booklets. There was a printer who I always wanted to hire because I enjoyed working with them, they always had fair prices and delivered high-quality programs in a timely manner. However, due to non-profit regulations, I had to bid the job to at least three vendors. So my top-of-mind, first choice brand was always included but I had to add two other vendors as well. Tell story about Bill DeVece and misspelled student names and how wonderful he was in fixing these issues.
5
Brand image begins with awareness
Consumers recognize the brand
Brand equity leads to top-of-mind and top choice
B2B important in modified rebuy situations
Building Brand Awareness
Successful brands possess:
Top-of-mind
Top choice
The 10 Most Valuable Brands in the World per 2018 study
Coca Cola brand is a good example of a brand with these characteristics. Here is a recent list of a top 10 most valuable and recognized list of global brands. (click link)
6
Goal to Persuade
Dare to be Devoted Campaign
Every Kiss Begins with Kay Campaign
Another common goal of advertising is to persuade consumers that a particular brand is superior to others and should be their top choice. Both of these brands, owned by the same parent company (Signet), do extensive advertising, but only Kay Jewelers has successfully used the same slogan, “Every Kiss Begins w.
Adopt-a-Plant Project guidelinesOverviewThe purpose of this.docxSALU18
Adopt-a-Plant Project guidelines
Overview:
The purpose of this project is for you to choose a plant, conduct online research into the biology of the plant, and communicate what you have learned. You will be preparing an annotated bibliography on the plant you choose. The entire project is worth 50 points
Annotated Bibliography (50 points)
You will prepare an annotated bibliography with a list of the top 10 most interesting facts about your plant.
· Each fact should be paraphrased (i.e. written in your own words, no quotations allowed).
· Then tell me why this is interesting to you – make connections to your life or to currents issues in our world.
· Finally, give a full citation and tell me why you think this is a reliable, trustworthy source. Use this libguide to help you come up with reasons why your source is trustworthy.
· At least one of your sources should be from a peer-reviewed, science journal article.
Here is an example:
Fact 1: Taxol is a chemotherapy agent derived from the bark of the Pacific Yew Tree. The chemical itself is derived from a fungal endophtye within the bark. I thought this was very interesting, because the Pacific Yew tree is native to the state of Washington, and my aunt Jane received Taxol while undergoing chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. I also thought it was interesting because of the mutualistic relationship between the plant and the fungus.Citation: Plant natural products from cultured multipotent cells
Roberts, Susan; Kolewe, Martin. Nature Biotechnology28.11 (Nov 2010): 1175-6.
This is a reliable source because it is published in a peer-reviewed science journal article, written by two PhDs that are providing a review of the current literature on the topic
To complete the assignment, you should first choose a plant, gather articles discussing your plant, read the articles sufficiently enough to discuss the plant, and finally write the annotated bibliography. You are expected to produce original work, and any plagiarism will receive a zero. The paper should be double-spaced, and typed in 12 point font size, with normal margins. The instructions for how to properly cite your sources are at the end of this handout.
*** Reminder: The scientific name of a plant should always be typed in italics, with the first letter of the Genus capitalized. For ex.: Digitalis lanata. When you search for information on your plant online, make sure to use the scientific name, which will bring back a wider variety of results
The bibliography is worth 50 points and will be graded on:
1. Effort
• Quality of references
•Depth/breadth/quality of material covered
2. Following directions/ requirements
I will use the following rubric to grade your bibliography:
Research, Critical Reading and Documentation
Balanced, authoritative sources; correctly cited sources; effectively integrated outside sources. Most sources from science journals
10 pts
Effective sources, correctly cited, Could have a few more.
ADM2302 M, N, P and Q Assignment # 4 Winter 2020 Page 1 .docxSALU18
ADM2302 M, N, P and Q Assignment # 4
Winter 2020 Page 1
Assignment # 4
Decision Analysis and Project Scheduling
ADM2302 students are reminded that submitted assignments must be typed (i.e. can NOT be hand
written), neat, readable, and well-organized. Assignment marks will be adjusted for sloppiness, poor
grammar, spelling, for technical errors as well as if you submit a PDF file.
The assignment is to be submitted electronically as a single Word Document file via Brightspace by
Friday April 3rd prior to 23:59. Front page of the Word document has to include title of the assignment,
course code and section, student name and student number. Second page is the individual/group
statement of integrity that must be signed.
E-mail questions related to the assignment should be sent to the Teaching Assistant or posted on the
Brightspace course website “Discussion page” (viewed by all).
Section M: Parisa Keshavarz ([email protected])
Section N: : Niki Khorasanizadeh ([email protected])
Section P: Makbule Kandakoglu ([email protected])
Section Q: Afshin Kamyabniya ([email protected])
Problem 1: Payoffs/Decision Table (13 points)
A small building contractor has recently experienced two successive years in which work opportunities
exceeded the firm’s capacity. The contractor must now make a decision on capacity for next year.
Estimated profits (in $ thousands) under each of the two possible states of nature are as shown in the
table below.
NEXT YEAR’S DEMAND
Alternative Low High
Do nothing
Expand
Subcontract
$50**
20
40
$60
80
70
** Profit in $ thousands.
Which alternative should be selected if the decision criterion is:
a. The optimistic approach? (3 points)
b. The conservative approach? (3 points)
c. Minimize the regret? (7 points)
Problem 2: Payoffs/Decision Table (15 points)
Dorothy Stanyard has three major routes to take to work. She can take Tennessee Street the entire way,
she can take several back streets to work, or she can use the expressway. The traffic patterns are,
however, very complex. Under good conditions, Tennessee Street is the fastest route. When Tennessee
is congested, one of the other routes is preferable. Over the past two months, Dorothy has tried each of
route several times under different traffic conditions. This information is summarized in minutes of
travel time to work in the following table:
mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
ADM2302 M, N, P and Q Assignment # 4
Winter 2020 Page 2
No Traffic Congestion
(Minutes)
Mild Traffic
Congestion
(Minutes)
Severe Traffic
Congestion
(Minutes)
Tennessee Street
Back roads
Expressway
15
20
30
30
25
30
45
35
30
In the past 60 days, Dorothy encountered severe traffic congestion 10 days and mild traffic congestion
20 days. Assume that the past 60 days are typical of traffi.
After completing the assessment, my Signature Theme Report produ.docxSALU18
After completing the assessment, my Signature Theme Report produced the following results: Communication, Relator, Individualization, Consistency, and Strategic. When I first saw the themes presented, I was a little skeptical at first but after reading the detailed descriptions I felt like it made a lot of sense and mirrored a lot of what I had already thought about myself.
A core value that I would like to continue to strengthen would be the value of acceptance. One of my top five themes was relator which explained that I have a comfortability with gravitating towards people I already know and building relationships from there. I don’t have issues with making new relationships, but I can see that sometimes I close myself off initially to embracing new ones. With acceptance, you have to understand that there are some situations you can control and some that you can’t but embracing the latter can lead to new experiences that could be beneficial (Riley, 2021). Another core value that I would like to improve upon would be calmness. This fits in well with my theme of consistency. While I am a firm believer of things being fair and consistent, I can get easily upset when things don’t balance out like they are expected to. I know that working on being calm in tense situations will help me adapt easier when things don’t always work out as they should.
One of the strengths that I would like to embrace fully and continue to improve upon is communication. It was no surprise to me that communication was at the top of my list for my themes. When I am in a position of leadership at work, I make it a priority to keep my staff updated on everything that is going on for that night and it is something I expect from my charge nurse when I am working the floor also. A communicator is only effective when they are aware of their style of communicating and how others perceive or respond to it (Marshall & Broome, 2021). As a communicator I know that I can always work on how I communicate non-verbally and with body language especially. The other strength that I would like to continue to work on is of being strategic. The report explained that the strategic theme fit me because I am able to sort through the clutter and find the best route when I am trying to accomplish something. I really believe this about myself because when I have a task I need to accomplish, whether I am in a leader position or not, I will break everything down and reorganize it to make sure I have come up with the best solution. I feel like the best way to do something is the way that makes it concise and without a lot of excess getting in the way.
A characteristic of mine that I would like to strengthen would be that of instinct. My theme of individualization points out that I have an instinct about others and how they work and function. I have always felt that I easily read people and can get a sense of who they truly are and for example in the workplace how they are as a staff member. S.
After careful reading of the case material, consider and fully answe.docxSALU18
After careful reading of the case material, consider and fully answer the following questions:
1. What were the primary reasons for changing the current system at Butler?
2. What role did Butler's IS department play?
3. List the objectives of the pilot. Were there any problems?
4. Do you think Butler made the right decision to utilize this new technology? What implications does this decision hold for Butler's IT department in the long run?
NOTE: Butler refers to it's IT department as IR. You may consider these two acronyms as synonymous (i.e. IT = IS = IR for purposes of this assignment)
.
Affluent
Be unique to
Conform
Debatable
Dominant
Enforce
Ethnic
Internalize
Rank
Restrict
You will write your own sentences using each of the vocabulary words. The sentence
must be an
original sentence
created by you, AND it must use the vocabulary word correctly.
Your sentence
MUST
demonstrate that you understand the meaning of the word.
.
Advanced persistent threats (APTs) have been thrust into the spotlig.docxSALU18
Advanced persistent threats (APTs) have been thrust into the spotlight due to their advanced tactics, techniques, procedures, and tools. These APTs are resourced unlike other types of cyber threat actors.
Your chief technology officer (CTO) has formed teams to each develop a detailed analysis and presentation of a specific APT, which she will assign to the team.
.
Your report should use
The Cybersecurity Threat Landscape Team Assignment Resources
to cover the following five areas:
Part 1: Threat Landscape Analysis
Provide a detailed analysis of the threat landscape today.
What has changed in the past few years?
Describe common tactics, techniques, and procedures to include threat actor types.
What are the exploit vectors and vulnerabilities threat actors are predicted to take advantage of?
Part 2: APT Analysis
Provide detailed analysis and description of the APT your group was assigned. Describe the specific tactics used to gain access to the target(s).
Describe the tools used. Describe what the objective of the APT was/is. Was it successful?
Part 3: Cybersecurity Tools, Tactics, and Procedures
Describe current hardware- and software-based cybersecurity tools, tactics, and procedures.
Consider the hardware and software solutions deployed today in the context of defense-in-depth.
Elaborate on why these devices are not successful against the APTs.
Part 4: Machine Learning and Data Analytics
Describe the concepts of machine learning and data analytics and how applying them to cybersecurity will evolve the field.
Are there companies providing innovative defensive cybersecurity measures based on these technologies? If so, what are they? Would you recommend any of these to the CTO?
Part 5: Using Machine Learning and Data Analytics to Prevent APT
Describe how machine learning and data analytics could have detected and/or prevented the APT you analyzed had the victim organization deployed these technologies at the time of the event. Be specific.
Part 6: Ethics in Cybersecurity.
Ethical issues are at the core of what we do as cybersecurity professionals. Think of the example of a cyber defender working in a hospital. They are charged with securing the network, medical devices, and protecting sensitive personal health information from unauthorized disclosure. They are not only protecting patient privacy but their health and perhaps even their lives. Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability - the C-I-A triad - and many other cybersecurity practices are increasingly at play in protecting citizens in all walks of life and in all sectors. Thus, acting in an ethical manner is one of the hallmarks of cybersecurity professionals.
Do you think the vulnerability(ies) exploited by the APT constitutes an ethical failure by the defender? Why or why not?
For the APT scenario your group studied, were there identifiable harms to privacy or property? How are these harms linked to C-I-A? If not, what ethically si.
Advanced persistent threatRecommendations for remediation .docxSALU18
Advanced persistent threat
Recommendations for remediation of the threat
Research the use of network security controls associated to your threat and industry
Do Not use topics network security,VPN,FIREWALL,ETC
10-12 pages. Double spaced APA style
At least 10 REFERENCES
5 ATLEASt PEER REVIEWED SCHOLARLY
.
Adultism refers to the oppression of young people by adults. The pop.docxSALU18
Adultism refers to the oppression of young people by adults. The popular saying "children should be seen and not heard" is used as a way to remind a child of his or her place and reaffirm the adult's power in the relationship. The saying suggests that children's voices are not as important or as valid as an adult's and they should remain quiet. Children are often relegated to subordinate positions due to socially constructed beliefs about what they can or cannot accomplish or what they should or should not do; this in turn compromises youth's self-determination. This oppression is further highlighted when considering the intersection of age with race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and sexual orientation. You will be asked to consider all of these when reviewing the Logan case and Parker case.
By Day 3
Post
an analysis of the influence of adultism in the Logan case. Then, explain how gender, race, class, and privilege interact with adultism to influence the family's discourse related to Eboni's pregnancy as well as other family dynamics.
.
ADVANCE v.09212015
•
APPLICANT DIVERSITY STATEMENT IN FACULTY SEARCH PROCESS
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
1) How does University of California define “diversity?”
A: The academic senate adopted in 2009 the following broad definition of diversity:
Diversity - defining features of California past, present and future - refers to a variety of
personal experiences, values, and worldviews that arise from differences of culture and
circumstance. Such differences include race, ethnicity, gender, age, religion, language,
abilities/disabilities, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, geographic region and more.
2) Why does UC Irvine expect a diversity statement from applicants for faculty positions?
A: UC Irvine’s commitment to inclusive excellence is integral to our ascendancy among globally
preeminent universities. It provides applicants with an opportunity to discuss how their past or
future contributions will advance this enduring campus commitment. For more information,
please see the Provost’s memo on Inclusive Excellence.
3) Is the diversity statement consistent with University of California policy?
A: Yes. APM 210.1-d, which governs appointment, appraisal and promotion, recommends that
faculty be both encouraged and rewarded for activity that promotes inclusive excellence:
“The University of California is committed to excellence and equity in every facet of its mission.
Teaching, research, professional and public service contributions that promote diversity and
equal opportunity are to be encouraged and given recognition in the evaluation of the
candidate's qualifications. These contributions to diversity and equal opportunity can take
a variety of forms including efforts to advance equitable access to education, public
service that addresses the needs of California's diverse population, or research in a
scholar's area of expertise that highlights inequities.”
4) Is UC Irvine alone among UC campuses in adopting this statement?
A: No. UC San Diego adopted this statement in 2010.
5) How will applicants learn about the diversity statement expectation?
A: Per Provost Gillman’s memo of June 2014, all ads for faculty positions will include the following
sentence: “Applicants are encouraged to share how their past and/or potential contributions to
diversity, equity and inclusion will advance UC Irvine’s commitment to inclusive excellence.”
6) How do applicants provide their diversity statement?
A: There is a dedicated field in UC Recruit for applicants to submit their diversity statement.
7) If an applicant does not provide a diversity statement, will his or her application be considered
incomplete?
A: Yes
http://www.provost.uci.edu/news/InclusiveExcellence.html
http://www.ucop.edu/academic-personnel/_files/apm/apm-210.pdf
http://www.provost.uci.edu/news/Diversity-Statement-June-2014.html
ADVANCE v.09212015
8) What are the components of a diversity statement?
.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Emotions and BiasesMyth emotions are the opposite of reason. Th.docx
1. Emotions and Biases
Myth: emotions are the opposite of reason. This is a popular
belief, but nowadays most people acknowledge that emotions
are an inescapable part of being human and often a reliable
guide to what is right and true, helping us form our values and
discover our passions.
Here are a few examples of times when emotions lead to critical
thinking:
The anger Bryce feels over the injustice of a decrease in
community funding for programs to help the homeless prompts
Bryce to research this issue and get involved.
The excitement Ta’kiya feels about a future career as a nurse
gives her the motivation to learn about how she can go back to
school and get registered.
Krista has a gut feeling that there’s something wrong with her
relationship with her fiancé. She analyzes this feeling and
realizes that the differences between her fiancé’s temperament
and values and her own are too much, and she decides to call
off the wedding.
Emotions can (and probably should) play a role in big life
decisions like getting married, quitting a job, or getting a tattoo,
but critical thinking should also be a component.
So when do emotions become barriers to critical thinking?
Strong emotions like stress, anger, depression, or passion can
cloud our thinking and lead us to say, do, or believe things we
otherwise wouldn’t. We are more likely to act rashly, misjudge
the situation, rationalize illogical actions, and fail to see
options when we’re under emotional duress. The key is to
recognize when you are in such a state and to avoid making
decisions at these times.
Emotions can also affect how we respond to arguments.
Travis is at his cousin’s wedding, and while he’s waiting in line
at the buffet, another guest named Nathaniel suddenly starts a
conversation with him. Somehow the topic of affirmative action
2. comes up, and Nathaniel voices his opinions forcefully. This is
a subject that Travis feels passionately about, and he finds that
he disagrees strongly with Nathaniel. Whenever Travis tries to
bring up a counter-point, Nathaniel interrupts him to call him
“naïve” and his viewpoints “ignorant.” Nathaniel is quick to
rattle off statistics that support his point, while Travis cannot
always think of a counter-point on the spot. The conversation
ends with Nathaniel picking up his plate of shrimp scampi with
smug assurance of his complete correctness on the subject,
while Travis feels that he looked foolish.
Even though Travis knows he’ll never see Nathaniel again, he
finds himself continually irritated whenever his thoughts drift
back to that conversation. Driving home later that night, he
finds himself coming up with things he could have and should
have said to Nathaniel but didn’t. Afterward, whenever Travis
reads or watches anything that has to do with affirmative action,
he gets angrier than usual thinking about it, and he starts
subconsciously attributing the rude behaviors he associates with
Nathaniel to anyone else who opposes his viewpoint.
In the example above, Travis has a flood of emotions regarding
the topic of affirmative action that compromises his ability to
look at arguments on either side objectively, even though the
experience that prompted those emotions (an encounter with a
rude guest at a wedding) only tangentially has to do with the
topic at hand.
Most of us have some personal beliefs that are very important to
us. Much of your identity, your conception of who you are and
your place in the world, is defined by your personal beliefs.
This is completely normal and essentially inescapable.
However, you want to be aware of such emotional commitments
in order to mitigate the risk of shutting down when challenged
with new evidence. After all, you hold your beliefs to be true
because they are true to the best of your knowledge. And if it
turned out that your understanding of a situation could be
improved, you’d want to know more, right?
When we are deeply committed to a belief, critiques of that
3. belief can feel like personal attacks. This often makes us
defensive, if not outright hostile. At this point we’re more
likely to be looking for things to throw at the critic
(metaphorically or literally) than we are to be listening with an
open mind, willing to acknowledge validity in the criticism.
Bias
Bias is a tendency toward thinking a certain way. It’s a kind of
prejudice, a lean in a particular direction that leads you to favor
one party as being right whenever possible. We all have life
experiences that prevent us from viewing situations completely
objectively, or preexisting viewpoints that affect how we take in
new information.
Ella judges political scandals more harshly when they happen to
members of a party she doesn’t support.
Vincent is more willing to believe nutritional advice when it
corresponds with eating habits he already keeps.
Social psychologists have documented all sorts of ways that
people’s biases creep into their judgment, whether they realize
it or not:
A study showed that emails asking professors about research
opportunities were more likely to receive replies if the emails
came from students with stereotypically white names.1
Another study demonstrated that men married to women who
were not employed tend to disfavor women in the workplace.2
One of the most pervasive types of bias is confirmation bias, or
the tendency to look for confirming evidence. When you want
something to be true, you tend to look for evidence that fits
with what you want to believe and ignore evidence that doesn’t.
Confirmation bias can prevent you from reaching the truth—or
at least fairly evaluating the claim at stake—even when you
think you’re objectively seeking out evidence.
Willis and Niva get into an argument about whether it’s better
to buy American cars or foreign cars. When Willis looks online
for evidence, he types “why it’s better to buy American cars”
into the search engine, rather than something more general like
“American vs. foreign cars.” Consequently, Willis ends up only
4. reading sources that support his position that American cars are
better.
This hostility toward opposing views is one reason many people
have a tendency to only listen to people with similar
viewpoints. And, in a related fashion, some people habitually
listen to opposing viewpoints but only to confirm how wrong
“the other side” is.
Under Attack
Because of our biases, it’s hard to stand back and try to look at
an issue objectively. But listen generously, and try to
comprehend your opponent’s perspective. Play out “what if”
scenarios. These strategies will help you to obtain a little
distance, to see where others are coming from, and to better
understand why you believe what you believe and why others
think differently. That’s good critical thinking.
Which of the following BEST summarizes the relationship
between emotions and critical thinking?
· Emotions are an important component of the human
experience, but some emotional states can hinder critical
thinking.
· Strong emotions must be resisted at all times if one wants to
be a good critical thinker.
· Emotional moments are usually the best times to objectively
scrutinize beliefs and situations.
· Strong emotions always make it easier to view a situation
objectively.
Evan, who views himself as a political conservative, could be
accused of confirmation bias in which of the following
situations? Choose the BEST answer.
· Evan has discussions with his more liberal brother to
understand the other side.
· Evan advocates for causes he believes in on his personal blog.
· Evan only reads news sources or watches networks that have a
conservative leaning.
· Evan always switches his voter registration to the city in
which he is currently living.
5. Give an example of a time when you encountered bias, or
overcame your own?
Practice: Emotions and Biases
Hidden Biases
Nowadays, few people in the United States think of themselves
as being prejudiced, yet wide disparities across race and gender
lines remain. In their book, Blindspot: Hidden Biases of Good
People, social psychologists Mahzarin Banaji and Anthony
Greenwald reveal how unconscious biases can affect how we
judge people and what types of decisions we make in certain
situations.
Together with their colleague, Brian Nosek, they developed the
Implicit Association Test to uncover hidden biases by
measuring how quickly people associate members of certain
groups with different qualities. While the test has its critics, it
has undeniably sparked discussions on what unconscious biases
we all have and what implications these biases have on society.
In the NPR interview below, Mahzarin Banaji discusses the
impact that our biases have on how we treat people.
According to the authors of Blindspot, what might be the
problem with giving special treatment to people in your in-
groups?
· Special favors to people in our in-groups often mean that
we’re not helping people outside of our groups.
· More people report feeling racial prejudice when they
habitually give special treatment to people in their in-groups.
· Special favors to people in our in-groups often lead to overt
racism, such as ethnic slurs or hate crimes.
· People tend to feel very icky and uncomfortable when they do
a favor for a neighbor or friend.
When Dr. Banaji’s friend Carla Kaplan was rushed to the
emergency room for a hand injury, at what point did the doctor
bring in the best-known hand specialist in New England?
· right after the doctor found out that she was a Yale professor
· right after the doctor found out she was a quilter who relied on
6. the use of her hands
· after all other attempts to save her hand failed
· as soon as she was admitted to the hospital
What point about bias does the story about Carla Kaplan’s
hospital visit illustrate?
· Hospitals often give male patients high-quality treatment
much faster than female patients.
· Doctors tend to give better care to patients who have the same
alma mater or hobbies as them.
· People tend to assume that Yale professors rely on their hands
more than quilters.
· People have tendencies to help certain groups over others,
even when the reasoning isn’t logical.
The article cites sociologist Nancy DiTomaso’s argument that
“Discrimination today is less about treating people from other
groups badly, and more about giving preferential treatment to
people who are part of our ‘in-groups.’” Provide an example
that either supports or refutes this claim?
Give an example where a bias in favor of a particular group
could result in poor critical thinking?
Culture and Stereotypes
Where do the beliefs we hold come from? From what one should
eat for breakfast to how a company handles customer
complaints, many of our notions and norms are learned from our
experiences within a culture. According to the Center for
Advance Research on Language Acquisition, culture is defined
as “the shared patterns of behaviors and interactions, cognitive
constructs, and affective understanding that are learned through
a process of socialization.”3 Essentially, culture is the
collection of beliefs, values, and behaviors acquired as a result
of being part of a particular group.
Everyone is part of a variety of cultures, ranging from the very
broad to the very specific. A single individual might
simultaneously identify with American culture, West Coast
7. culture, African American culture, Republican culture, Catholic
culture, military culture, urban singles culture, sports fan
culture, and board game geek culture.
Enculturation (the process of learning the habits of a particular
culture) is inevitable and often a positive thing. But
enculturation can also cause the types of biases that inhibit your
thinking. Here are two main ways that culture can get in the
way of critical thinking:
1. When you acquire a habit of unquestioningly assuming that
your culture’s beliefs and behaviors are the “right” behaviors
and beliefs
2. When you develop prejudiced views or leap to conclusions
about other cultures just because they’re different from yours
Learning about the differences between your cultures and other
cultures is important, but it’s sometimes all too easy to slip
from noticing a trend about another group of people to
stereotyping them.
Stereotypes and Generalizations
· All British people have bad teeth.
· All French people hate Americans.
· All blondes are stupid.
· All guys are slobs.
· All women take forever to get ready.
· All lawyers are sleazy.
· All authors are alcoholics.
· All young people are always texting.
· All old people are obsessed with the weather.
A stereotype is an overly simple and unwarranted assumption
about another person or a group of people. Most people have
heard of at least some of the above statements, and at the same
time, many people have also had a negative experience with
being stereotyped in some way at some point in their lives.
“Whenever I tell people that I’m Muslim, they usually have a
look of bewilderment about them. ‘But… you don’t cover your
hair’ is a common response, as is ‘You’re so modern though,’
and my personal favorite: ‘Well, what exactly are you?'"
8. - Nida Khan4
“No matter how hard I try, I can never escape stereotyping. I
can’t even count how many times I have been told that I should
be smart “because I’m Asian.” I know I’m intelligent but I get
very annoyed when people just assume I should be a certain way
just because of my race.”
- Emily Champion5
“I am a Hispanic college student, and naturally that means that I
must have lived a difficult life to get here… I’m Hispanic, so I
must be an illegal immigrant from Cuba or Mexico… I’m
Hispanic, so when there’s an increase in poverty, crime, and
teen pregnancies, I must have something to do with it… Right?
Wrong. And yet, as a person of Hispanic heritage, all of the
above are stereotypes that I have to deal with on a daily basis.”
- Analda Muy6
Some people assume that only bigots stereotype people, but
actually it’s something we all do, whether we realize it or not.
Because it’s human nature to identify patterns and organize
people in groups, so when we notice a particular characteristic
of another person, it’s natural to want to put them into a group.
But unchecked stereotypes often lead to prejudiced beliefs and
narrow-minded perspectives, which is why recognizing and
questioning your stereotypes is important.
An important first step is recognizing the difference between
stereotypes and generalizations. A generalization is a broad
statement describing a trend about a group. Generalizations,
when accurate, are often fair statements. In contrast, a
stereotype goes a step further and makes an assumption about an
individual on the basis of that generalization.
Generalization: Many people from Hispanic cultures cook with
strong spices.
Stereotype: Maritza is Mexican, so she must love hot sauce.
Are Stereotypes Always Bad?
There are times when stereotyping a person or a situation could
make you more sensitive. If you’re going on a business trip to
Hong Kong and have read that the people there value
9. punctuality, it would probably be a good idea to make sure you
don’t show up to a meeting late. If you know that teenage girls
are often insecure about their appearances, you might be extra
cautious when your fourteen-year-old niece asks you, “How
does my hair look?”
It’s one thing to be aware of a generalization and its potential to
apply to a specific situation. But when stereotypes turn into
fixed and unyielding truths, that’s when the problems start.
If you start internalizing the belief that “Cheerleaders are all
ditzes,” the argument “Sasha wouldn’t make a good upper-level
manager, because she was a cheerleader in high school” might
start to look like a persuasive argument, even if there’s
absolutely no evidence that Sasha has any of the negative
characteristics popularly associated with cheerleaders.
How can you tell if a stereotype you hold is harmful to your
critical thinking? One quick test is to ask yourself how ready
you are to modify your assumption in light of new information.
This is the difference between thinking, “Roxanne is from
Texas, so she might be a gun owner” and “Roxanne is from
Texas, so she must be a gun owner.”
People often see what they want to see, and the worst
stereotypes are the ones that stay permanent even in light of
overwhelming counter-evidence. If you have a fixed belief that
all bass players are lazy and Jonas is a bass player, it doesn’t
matter if Jonas remodels his car, builds a house, and founds a
non-profit charity all before 10 a.m. on a Tuesday, you’ll still
see him as lazy.
Which of the following is an accurate statement about culture?
· You can accurately guess exactly what someone believes if
you know what culture they’re part of.
· It’s easy to decide which cultures are better than others.
· You have to resist all cultural beliefs if you want to be a good
critical thinker.
· Everyone acquires certain beliefs and habits as a result of
being part of particular cultures.
Give an example of a culture you identify with, and of a habit
10. or belief that you have acquired as a result of that culture.?
Arziel, an American, holds a stereotype that Islamic countries
are violent places. Consequently, she turns down the
opportunity to go on vacation to a safe part of Indonesia solely
because she reads that Indonesia is a primarily Islamic country,
and she assumes that she will be attacked if she travels to the
country. Explain how Arziel’s cultural perspective is affecting
her critical thinking in this instance?
Has anyone ever made an assumption about you based on a
stereotype? If so, explain what happened?
In what way might a seemingly positive stereotype about a
group of people (e.g. “African Americans have great rhythm,”
or “Gay men are well-groomed”) have a negative consequence?
Practice: Culture and Stereotypes
One People, One Story?
When you hear the word “Eskimo,” what springs to mind? How
about the phrase “Southern belle”? Or “Goth teen”? No matter
how open-minded we consider ourselves, it’s hard to completely
escape the influence of stereotypes on our perception of other
groups. But is there any harm in hanging onto a stereotype that
isn’t necessarily inaccurate? In the following TED talk from
2009, Nigerian novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie explores
how these “single stories” develop in all of us, and presents a
compelling argument for the danger of having a single story.
Watch the video:
TED video.
https://www.ted.com/talks/chimamanda_adichie_the_danger_of_
a_single_story. Filmed July 2009 at TEDGlobal 2009. To
activate subtitles, first click the play button and then open the
dropdown menu in the embedded player and choose a language.
For a text transcript, follow the link below.
When Adichie tells the anecdote about visiting Fide’s family,
11. why was she so startled by the sight of a beautifully patterned
basket Fide’s brother had made?
· Adichie had never seen a homemade basket before.
· The gender roles Adichie had been taught did not permit her to
imagine that a boy could excel at a traditionally female craft.
· Until that point, Adichie had only thought of Fide’s family in
the context of their poverty and didn’t consider that they might
have other facets to their lives.
· The basket was clearly expensive to make, and Adichie
realized that she had been mistakenly informed that Fide’s
family was poor.
According to Adichie, what is the problem with stereotypes?
· They are untrue.
· They are racist.
· They are convenient.
· They are incomplete.
Adichie summarizes the main argument of her talk by stating,
“The consequence of the single story is this: it robs people of
dignity. It makes our recognition of our equal humanity
difficult. It emphasizes how we are different rather than how we
are similar.” Explain what you think she means by this, and
describe whether you agree or disagree and why.
Adichie provides a number of examples of seldom-told stories
about Nigerians and their achievements. What is she trying to
illustrate with these anecdotes?
· The media stereotypes of Nigeria as a country plagued with
problems of poverty, disease, and corruption are not true at all.
· Nigeria deserves aid from wealthier countries like the United
States because its people are hard-working, ambitious, and
destined to achieve great things.
· Reducing Nigeria to a stereotype overlooks its complexity and
ignores the stories of individuals.
· Nigerians are smarter and more successful than Americans are.
Adichie gives a number of examples of times when both herself
and people she knows have fallen into the trap of seeing a
“single story” for a group of people. Give an example of a time
12. from your life when you have inadvertently stereotyped a group
outside your own.
Thinking Independently
Have you ever met anyone who introduced himself by saying,
“My name is Corey, and I would describe myself as a mindless
follower”? Everyone likes to think of him or herself as an
individual, someone who thinks independently rather than being
a sheep following the crowd.
But the truth is, we all conform on some level. Some degree of
conformity is necessary for a society to function. Imagine what
it would be like if there weren’t a cultural consensus that
everyone should obey traffic lights or form lines in stores.
Conformity can also be a positive force when it comes to
following social cues in new situations—for instance, it’s
probably a good idea to stand and sit along with everyone else
when you’re attending an unfamiliar religious service, or to
mimic the professional behaviors of those around you at a new
job.
Tendencies to conform are common when:
· You’re in a situation where you’re not sure what to do.
· You feel social pressure to fit in, or you fear negative
consequences if you think or act differently.
· You’re in a group. The phenomenon of how groups naturally
drift toward consensus when discussing an issue is called
groupthink.
This natural tendency to conform happens all the time, even if
there isn’t a completely sensible reason for it. You might start
watching a television show, not because you were especially
intrigued by the premise, but because your friends were all
watching it and kept talking about it. Or maybe you saw a play
with your family, and you thought it was terrible, but in the car
afterward, everyone else was talking about how much they
loved it, so you started chiming in that you liked it, too, and
maybe you even convinced yourself that you liked it more than
you did.
You might develop a strong view about a specific political
13. issue, make friends with people who also hold the same view,
and then gradually adopt other viewpoints held by your friends.
This is perhaps partly because it seems natural if you spend a
lot of time engaging in conversations with people with the same
strong stances, and perhaps also partly because you fear
rejection from your friends if you disagree with the group.
Even worse, you might make serious life decisions because of
other people’s expectations, like going to college to get a
degree in business and moving back home because that’s what
everyone around you is doing, when all you really want to do is
teach English in Korea.
If all of your beliefs are received from other people, and all of
your actions are done to fit in, you run a risk of losing your
sense of self and living someone else’s life. In the end, there’s
absolutely nothing wrong with having the same life goals as
your friends, or the same religious beliefs as your family, but to
be an independent thinker, you’ll want your beliefs to be your
own, not just something someone handed to you, especially
when the stakes are high.
Recognizing Barriers
As this chapter has discussed, emotions, biases, enculturation,
stereotypes, and conformity are all inevitable parts of life, and,
in some situations, not necessarily a bad thing. But all of these
impulses have the potential to inhibit our critical thinking,
which is why taking the time to reflect on your thinking is so
important.
The first step to overcoming your critical thinking barriers is to
recognize what they are, so try this experiment: Think of a few
beliefs you hold, then take a few moments to ask yourself the
questions below about them. These questions are especially
important whenever you have a strong belief about an issue
before you have any evidence for it, which is often a red flag
that at least one of the barriers to critical thinking might be at
work.Questions to Help Expose Barriers to Critical Thinking
· Do you have strong emotions surrounding this belief? Do you
14. get knots in your stomach every time you hear the phrase “gun
control” ever since you had a heated debate with a coworker
over gun laws?
· Do you have any personal experiences that might have led you
to this belief? Is your opinion on the public school system in the
United States colored by your own mediocre high school
experience? Has a bad run-in with a cop strongly affected your
views on the role of law enforcement in society?
· Did you acquire this belief because you’re part of a particular
culture? Are your feelings about the current political situation
in Greece influenced by your childhood growing up around
Greek immigrants?
· Does this belief stem from a stereotype you might hold about a
particular group? Does your stance on immigration heavily rely
on your impressions about what “all Mexicans” are like? Do you
shut out what your conservative friend has to say about this
issue because you already know what “all Republicans” are
like?
· Do all of your family members, friends, coworkers, and/or
community members also share this belief? Do you always buy
Apple products because that’s what everyone you work with
does?
Answering “yes” to any of these questions doesn’t necessarily
mean that your belief is wrong, but it might mean that you
should investigate your belief a little deeper to make sure that
you’re thinking independently.
What is the name for the phenomenon that occurs when groups
discussing an issue move toward consensus?
· groupthink
· bias
· stereotypes
· enculturation
Which of the following situations is an example of conformity
that detracts from critical thinking?
· altering your political beliefs to line up with those of the party
favored by most of your friends
15. · raising your hand before speaking in class because that’s what
everyone else does
· going to a fancy wedding and watching other people for cues
about which fork to use first
· adopting a similar level of business casual dress as your
coworkers when you start a new job
After three of his friends invest in real estate in the same year,
Jonah also invests in real estate. Jonah’s critical thinking is
MOST likely affected by which barrier?
· emotions
· conformity
· bias
· stereotypes
Jonah’s thinking was affected by a critical thinking barrier, but
that doesn’t necessarily mean his decision was a poor one.
Explain why.
Consider your attitude toward the value of getting a college
degree and explain what influences from your culture and
background you think led you to that belief.
Practice: Thinking Independently
The Two Sides of Social Media
As discussed in the previous chapter, critical thinking isn’t just
about criticizing other people’s opinions and arguments—it’s
about being open-minded to new ideas, and then evaluating
them all thoughtfully in order to find the best possible answer.
Unfortunately, as this chapter has demonstrated, we all have bad
habits that keep us from considering all new information fairly.
We sometimes struggle to think objectively when under the
influence of strong emotions. We belong to groups and cultures
that instill habits and views. And we all occasionally fall prey
to biases that prevent us from rationally considering
information. As you investigate different issues, it’s important
to combat confirmation bias, the tendency to pay more attention
to information that supports your original view.
In his article, “The Believing Game,” Peter Elbow explains how
in order to contemplate conflicting views, you can practice what
16. he calls “the doubting game,” where you find fault with the
ideas you agree with, and then practice “the believing game,”
where you pay attention to what’s good about the ideas you
disagree with.
Essentially, you do a mental exercise where you honestly try to
believe the argument presented to you, even if it feels foreign to
you or opposes your viewpoint. This is followed up with a more
critical evaluation of the argument that agrees with your
position. The purpose of this exercise is to understand the
reasons for opposing arguments and to strengthen the reasons
for your own arguments.
Good questions to ask when playing the believing game include:
· What’s interesting or helpful about the view?
· In what sense or under what conditions might this idea be
true?
· What personal examples have I witnessed that might support
this?
ProCon.org provides pro/con lists for a number of controversial
issues. You’ll notice on the pro side a list of premises, or
reasons, supporting each issue, while the con side contains a list
of reasons opposing each issue. In this activity, we will focus
on the pro/con list about the influence of social media in
society.
In general, do you think social networking sites such as
Facebook or Tumblr are good for society?
Top of Form
· Yes
· No
Bottom of Form
Under what conditions might it be true that social networking
sites benefit society?
Top of Form
Under what conditions might it be true that social networking
sites harm society?
From the ProCon.org website, list what you believe to be the
17. three most compelling premises, or reasons, supporting the
conclusion that social networking sites benefit society.
From the ProCon.org website, list what you believe to be the
three most compelling premises, or reasons, supporting the
conclusion that social networking sites harm society.
One of the points on the pro side is that “social networking sites
facilitate face-to-face interaction.” Extend this premise by
providing a supporting example either from your life or about
someone you know.
One of the points on the con side is that “social networking
sites entice people to waste time.” Extend this premise by
providing a supporting example either from your life or about
someone you know.
Bottom of Form
ESSAY TITLE ALL CAPS SHORT TITLE 50 CHARACTERS
OR LESS
ESSAY TITLE ALL CAPS SHORT TITLE 50 CHARACTERS
OR LESS 6
18. Essay Title
Author’s Name
H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business and Entrepreneurship
LOG 5010 - International Transport & Logistics
Term
Essay Title
This is the introduction section. Note that it has no heading.
Here is where the writer establishes a thesis. This thesis
summarizes the main learning from the Case Study in question
and any other supplemental reading. It should be generic in
nature. The introduction section should also give the reader, in
a few sentences, an idea of the content of the essay.Case Study
Summary
This section should contain a summary of the case study. It
should describe the scenario, and identify the characters and the
organizations involved. Ensure sources are cited according to
APA guidelines, as per example (David, 2013).
Other heading levels may be used, if necessary.
Heading Level 2
Heading level 3. (Note the indent and period and the
capitalization).Heading level 4.Heading level 5.Answers to Case
Study Questions (when applicable)
For case studies containing explicit questions, transcribe every
question in italics and write the corresponding answer in one or
19. more paragraphs, as needed.
After answering all the questions, proceed directly to the
Conclusion section.Analysis (when applicable)
This section can have a different header and contain other
heading levels, as determined by the writer. It only applies to
case studies that do not have explicit questions to answer.
The objective of this section is to identify issues raised in the
case study and describe their impact and possible causes.
Other heading levels may be used, if necessary.
Heading Level 2
Heading level 3. Heading level 4.Heading level 5.
Actions and/or Recommendations (when applicable)
This section can have a different header and contain other
heading levels, as determined by the writer. It only applies to
case studies that do not have explicit questions to answer.
The objective of this section is to offer the reader
recommendation to address the issues identified in the previous
section.
Other heading levels can be used, if necessary.
Heading Level 2
Heading level 3. Heading level 4.Heading level 5.
Conclusion
This section is reserved to recap the content of the essay and
close with the confirmation of the thesis formulated in the
introduction. The conclusion section should not introduce new
information to the reader.
References
David, P. (2013). International logistics: The management of
international trade operations (4th ed.). Berea, OH: Cicero
Books.
Exhibit 1
Correlations Among and Descriptive Statistics For Key Study