1) South Dakota's largest industry is agriculture, producing crops like wheat, corn, and soybeans as well as livestock. 2) Bison once numbered over 60 million but were hunted to near extinction by the late 1800s, though conservation efforts have brought their numbers back up to around 250,000 today. 3) Gold was discovered in the Black Hills in 1874, sparking a mining boom that drew prospectors to towns like Deadwood and Lead.

1. By Emily

2. A South Dakota’s biggest industry is agriculture. We produce wheat, corn, alfalfa, soybeans, cattle, pigs, and sheep to name a few.

3. B The bison once numbered 60,000,000. The white pioneers, hunters, and soldiers hunted and killed until the population declined to under 1,000. Today they are back to 250,000 and protected by federal law .

4. C These Sioux Indian Chiefs fought for the land west of the Mississippi River to Montana to remain Indian land. The Laramie Treaty was broken by the government and the Natives were forced off.

5. D Gold was discovered near Deadwood and Lead in 1876. Deadwood soon became known as the “Wildest Towns in the West”- home to Wild Bill Hickock and “Calamity Jane”- known as a sharpshooter.

6. E Big Stone Lake is the point of lowest elevation (below see level) at 962 ft. The highest point is Harney Peak in the Black Hills (above sea level) at 7,242ft. Harney Peak Big Stone Lake

7. F South Dakota became the fortieth state in the U.S. in 1889. Dakota Territory became North Dakota and South Dakota. No one knows for sure which state was really first because President Harrison shuffled the papers. North Dakota came first alphabetically so it was named the thirty-ninth state.

8. G The Great Dakota Boom was the discovery of gold in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Mining towns sprang up and were populated by gold seekers. (1874)

9. H The Homestead Act of 1862 gave 160 acres of free land to settlers ( homesteaders) if they built a home and lived on the land for at least five years.

10. I Most South Dakotans have European roots. Immigrants from Germany, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark make up the ancestry or many South Dakotans.

11. J James (Wild Bill) Butler Hickok was the fastest shot in the West. He was shot and killed by Jack McCall. Seven months later Jack McCall was hanged for the crime.

12. K Korczak Ziol Kowski began work on the Crazy Horse monument in the Black Hills. When completed, it will be the largest sculpture in the world.

13. L Lewis and Clark’s expedition, known as the Corps of Discovery, entered what is now South Dakota on August 21, 1804. They spent fifty four days here.

14. M Mount Rushmore was carved by Gutzom Borglum and his son. The four presidents chosen for the monument were: Abraham Lincoln, who held the county together during the Civil War, George Washington, who represents the beginning of our nation, Teddy Roosevelt, who allowed the building of the Panama Canal, and Thomas Jefferson, who purchased the Louisiana Territory.

15. N The number of counties in South Dakota equal 66. Each county has a county seat where county government offices are located –the courthouse. We live in Yankton county. Yankton is the county seat.

16. O Oscar Howe was one of South Dakota’s famous artists. He was born on the Crow Creek Indian Reservation in 1915. He taught at USD.

17. P In 1889 Pierre became the state capital. It had a small population and not much commerce, but it was located in the center of the state.

18. Q A quick factoid: Belle Fourche, South Dakota is the geographic center of the United States.

19. R Nine reservations in South Dakota opened up a new land for non-native people.

20. Missouri River Reservoir System Big Bend Dam and Lake Sharpe Oahe Dam and Lake Oahe Gavins Point Dam and Lewis & Clark Lake Fort Randall Dam and Lake Francis Case Oahe Big Bend Fort Randall Gavins Point Montana North Dakota Wyoming Nebraska Kansas Missouri Iowa South Dakota Colorado

21. T Terry Peak and Deer Mountain are enjoyed for snow skiing near the town of Lead in the Black Hills.

22. U The underground world in South Dakota takes us to Jewel Cave and Wind Cave in the Black Hills. They are the third and the seventh longest in the world. Jewel Cave is 122 miles long and wind Cave is 93 miles long.

23. V The Verendrye brothers were two French explorers who buried a lead plat in what is now Pierre, South Dakota and claimed for France. (1743)

24. W One of the saddest events in the Indian Wars of the West was the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1870. Nearly three hundred Natives, including women and children, were killed. This led to the Natives moving onto reservations. (1890).

25. X Explorers in South Dakota (that were the earliest known) came from Europe. In 1743, the Verendrye Brothers left a lead plate near Fort Pierre.

26. Y Yankton was the capitol of Dakota Territory from 1861 – 1883.

27. Zitkala-Sa , a Yankton Dakota Sioux, was born in 1876 and died in 1938. She became active in working for women’s rights in Washington D.C. when women had no power or influence. She was also known as Gurtrude Simmons Bonnin.

28. Factoid Some South Dakota historical figures are: Crazy Horse (Sioux Chief); Herbert Humphrey (U.S Vice President); Paul Goble and Laura Ingalls Wilder (authors); and Billy Mills (Olympic Gold Medal winning track star).