The document outlines the syllabus for the course U19EC412 - Electromagnetic Fields, covering topics such as electrostatics, magnetostatics, and electromagnetic wave propagation, along with relevant laws and theorems. It emphasizes the applications of electromagnetics in various fields including telecommunications, medical applications, and energy conversion. Additionally, the document highlights the mathematical tools used in the study of electromagnetics, particularly vector analysis and coordinate systems.

1. Course Code : U19EC412
Course Name :Electromagnetic Fields
R.Selvaraj
AP/ECE/VCEW

2. U19EC412-Electromagnetic Fields
Content of the Syllabus
Unit – I INTRODUCTION
• Electromagnetic model, Units and constants,
Review of vector algebra, Rectangular,
cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems,
Line, surface and volume integrals, Gradient of
a scalar field, Divergence of a vector field,
Divergence theorem, Curl of a vector field,
Stoke‟s theorem, Null identities, Helmholtz‟s
theorem.

3. Unit - II
ELECTRO STATICS
• Coulomb‟s Law and Field Intensity , Electric
Fields due to Continuous Charge Distributions
, Electric Flux Density , Gauss‟s Law –
Maxwell‟s Equation – Applications of Gauss‟s
Law – Electric Potential , Energy Density in
Electrostatic Fields.

4. Unit – III
ELECTRIC FIELDS IN MATERIAL SPACE
• Properties of Materials – Convection and
Conduction Currents – Current Continuity
Equation and Relaxation Time , Displacement
Current , Maxwell‟s Equations and Boundary
Conditions – Poisson‟s and Laplace‟s
Equations.

5. Unit - IV
MAGNETO STATICS
• Biot-savart‟s Law, Ampere‟s Circuit Law –
Maxwell‟s Equation, Applications of Ampere‟s
Law. Magnetic Flux Density – Maxwell‟s
Equation, Maxwell‟s Equations for Static
Fields, Magnetic Scalar and Vector Potentials.

6. Unit – V
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION
• Maxwell‟s Equation in Final Form – Wave
Propagation in Lossy Dielectrics , Plane Waves
in : Lossless Dielectrics , Free Space and Good
Conductors , Power and the Poynting Vector ,
Reflection of a Plane Wave at : Normal
Incidence and Oblique Incidence.

7. Text Books
1. Sadiku, M.N.O., “Elements of Electromagnetics”, 3rd Edition, Oxford
University Press. 2001.
2. Jordan, E.C. and Balmain, K.G., “Electromagnetic Waves and
Radiating Systems”, 2nd Edition,Prentice-Hall of India. 1993.
References
1. Narayana Rao, N., “Elements of Engineering Electromagnetic”, 6th
Edition, Prentice-Hall of India.2002.
2. Hayt, W.H. and Buck, J.A., “Engineering Electromagnetics”, 7th
Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill. 2012.
3. Kraus, J.D. and Fleisch, D.A., “Electromagnetics with Applications”,
McGraw-Hill. 2010.
4. Ramo, S.A., Whinnery, J.R. and Van Duzer, T., “Fields and Waves in
Communication Electronics”, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons. 1994.
5. D.K. Cheng, "Field and Wave Electro Magnetics", Pearson (India), 2nd
edition ,1989.

8. INTRODUCTION
•WHY THIS COURSE ?

17. Introduction to Electromagnetic Fields
• Electromagnetics is the study of the effect of
charges at rest and charges in motion.
• Some special cases of electromagnetics:
– Electrostatics: charges at rest
– Magnetostatics: charges in steady motion (DC)
– Electromagnetic waves: waves excited by charges
in time-varying motion

18. Introduction to Electromagnetic
Fields
Maxwell’s
equations
Fundamental laws of
classical electromagnetics
Special
cases
Electro-
statics
Magneto-
statics
Electro-
magnetic
waves
Kirchoff’s
Laws
Statics: 0



t


d
Geometric
Optics
Transmission
Line
Theory
Circuit
Theory
Input from
other
disciplines

19. Introduction to Electromagnetic
Fields
• transmitter and receiver
are connected by a “field.”

20. Units and constants,

21. PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

22. INTRODUCTION
• Electromagnetics (EM) may be regarded as the
study of the interactions between electric
charges at rest and in motion. It entails the
analysis, synthesis, physical interpretation, and
application of electric and magnetic fields.

23. Applications
• EM principles find applications in various allied
disciplines such as microwaves, antennas, electric
machines, satellite communication,
Bioelectromagnetics, plasmas, nuclear research, fiber
optics, electromagnetic interference and
compatibility, electromechanical energy conversion,
radar meteorology," and remote sensing.
• In physical medicine, for example, EM power, either in
the form of shortwaves or microwaves, is used to heat
deep tissues and to stimulate certain physiological
responses in order to relieve certain pathological
conditions.

24. Applications
• EM fields are used in induction heaters for
melting, forging, annealing,surface hardening,
and soldering operations.
• Dielectric heating equipment uses shortwaves to
join or seal thin sheets of plastic materials. EM
energy offers many new and exciting possibilities
in agriculture. It is used, for example, to change
vegetable taste by reducing acidity.
• EM devices include transformers, electric relays,
radio/TV, telephone, electric motors,transmission
lines, waveguides, antennas, optical fibers,
radars, and lasers.
• The design of these devices requires thorough
knowledge of the laws and principles of EM.

25. Review of vector algebra
SCALARS AND VECTORS
• Vector analysis is a mathematical tool with which
electromagnetic (EM) concepts are most
conveniently expressed and best comprehended.
• A quantity can be either a scalar or a vector

26. Contd.,
• A scalar is a quantity that has only magnitude.
• Quantities such as time, mass, distance, temperature, entropy,
electric potential, and population are scalars.
• A vector is a quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
• Vector quantities include velocity, force, displacement, and
electric field intensity.
• Another class of physical quantities is called tensors, of which
scalars and vectors are special cases.
• For most of the time, we shall be concerned with scalars and
vectors.
• To distinguish between a scalar and a vector it is customary to
represent a vector by a letter with an arrow on top of it, such as A
and B, or by a letter in boldface type such as A and B. A scalar is
represented simply by a letter—e.g., A, B, U, and V.
• EM theory is essentially a study of some particular fields.

27. Field
• A field is a function that specifies a particular
quantity everywhere in a region.
• If the quantity is scalar (or vector), the field is said
to be a scalar (or vector) field.
• Examples of scalar fields are temperature
distribution in a building, sound intensity in a
theater, electric potential in a region, and
refractive index of a stratified medium.
• The gravitational force on a body in space and the
velocity of raindrops in the atmosphere are
examples of vector fields.

28. UNIT VECTOR

29. Unit Vector

30. VECTOR ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION

31. Contd.,

32. Contd.,

33. POSITION AND DISTANCE VECTORS
A point P in Cartesian coordinates may
be represented by (x, y, z).

36. VECTOR MULTIPLICATION

45. CO-ORDINATE SYSTEMS
In general, the physical quantities we shall be dealing
with in EM are functions of space and time.
In order to describe the spatial variations of the
quantities, we must be able to define all points uniquely
in space in a suitable manner. This requires using an
appropriate coordinate system.
A point or vector can be represented in any curvilinear
coordinate system, which may be orthogonal or
nonorthogonal.
An orthogonal system is one in which the
coordinates arc mutually perpendicular.