A brief presentation about the Trends in Orthodontic Research. Contents Introduction Terminologies International trends of orthodontic publications AJODO publication trends RCT Trends Case Report trends Future of orthodontics: Technologic trends (5 Domains) Conclusion Bibliography

1. 1
EMERGING TRENDS IN
ORTHODONTIC RESEARCH
Presented by: Dr. Afaf

2. Contents
• Introduction
• Terminologies
• International trends of orthodontic publications
• AJODO publication trends
• RCT Trends
• Case Report trends
• Future of orthodontics: Technologic trends (5 Domains)
• Conclusion
• Bibliography 2

3. Introduction
• In the rapidly evolving field of orthodontics, a vast array of concepts
and philosophies have resulted in an unprecedented increase in
orthodontic publications.
• Despite the significant contribution of the research to the practice of
evidence-based dentistry, it can pose a significant challenge for
researchers, clinicians, and educators to keep up with the evidence.
• An overview of the current orthodontic research trends can aid in
identifying any over-researched and over looked topics, therefore
promoting more balanced research in the field.
3

4. 4
Evidence
Based
Dentistry Endorsed by Professor Kevin O’Brien
in his blog of March 7, 2016 entitled
“Evidence based orthodontics is not
as straightforward as it seems…”.
In his summary he states
“ My general feeling is that we should
base our treatments on the evidence
when it is there. When it is absent, we
need to accept that our treatment is
based mostly on clinical experience
and other sources and we need to
explain this to our patients. When we
do this we are practising evidence-
based orthodontics.”

5. 5

6. Terminology
• Bibliometrics is a form of statistical analysis of publications that
provides quantitative insight into academic literature (Benckendorff
and Zehrer, 2013, De Bellis, 2009).
• To evaluate impact, research performance, author productivity, and
citation performance.
• Citation is a reference to the source of information used in ones
research.
• Citation density is defined as the total number of citations
divided by the number of years in circulation.
6

7. • Impact factor: Indicates the relative significance and influence of a
particular journal within its field of research and discipline.
• H index: The h-index is calculated by counting the number of
publications for which an author has been cited by other authors at
least that same number of times.
• Co- citation: Two publications which are cited together in one
article (Small, 1973)./ Two documents are bibliographically coupled
if they both cite one or more documents in common.
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8. 8

9. The chosen journals (subjected to a retrospective search for studies
published in the last ten years base on the Scopus advanced search tool)
• American Journal of Orthodontics and
Dentofacial Orthopedics (AJODO),
• Angle Orthodontist (AO),
• Australasian Orthodontic Journal
(AOJ),
• Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics
(DPJO),
• European Journal of
Orthodontics (EJO),
• International Orthodontics (IO),
• Journal of Clinical Orthodontics (JCO),
• Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics
(JOO),
• Journal of Orthodontics (JO),
• Journal of the World Federation of
Orthodontists (JWFO),
• Korean Journal of Orthodontics (KJO),
• Orthodontic Waves (OW),
• Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research
(OCR), and
• Progress in Orthodontics (PO).
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10. 10
Fewer studies were
published in the
AJODO, AO, EJO,
DPJO, and AOJ in
the second half.
Top 14 journals in terms of research out put over the last 10 years

11. 11
The yearly volume of orthodontic publications during 2011-2020
•The number of publications
was 9% lower in 2020 than in
2011.
•In 2017, the number of
orthodontic publications was the
same as in 2011 mainly due to
the increased research output of
JCO and OW.
•While the number of
orthodontic publications in 2018
relative to 2011 decreased by
15%, mainly due to the reduced
research output of DPJO, AO,
and JOO.

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13. 13
•The systematic reviews
published in 2016-2020 were
twice as many as those
published in 2011-2015, the
number of narrative reviews
declined by 38% for the same
interval.

14. 14
Top 10 Educational institutes in terms of research out put over the last 10 years

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•A number of eight
countries displayed a
downturn in research
output, yet most countries
displayed a rise in research
output, particularly
•Egypt, with an increase of
104%,
•Saudi Arabia (88%),
•Iran (83%), and
•Australia (63%).
Top 20 countries in terms of orthodontic research output

16. 16
•The maximum number of studies (n = 144) was authored by Guilherme
Janson, while the next four authors with the highest number of studies were
Lorenzo Franchi, Carlos Flores-Mir, Nikolaos Pandis, and Jae Hyun Park.
Top 10 authors with greatest proportion of publications

17. Salient features- Orthodontic publications
• The number of orthodontic studies in the chosen journals decreased,
whereas the number of systematic reviews increased over the last ten years.
• The AJODO, AO, EJO, and DPJO accounted for over 50% of the number
of orthodontic publications over the period in question.
• Academic and public institutions produced the largest proportion of studies
• The top five countries in which orthodontic studies were conducted were
the US, Brazil, South Korea, Italy, and the UK.
• A comparison of the two halves of the decade in question showed that the
number of orthodontic studies was on the rise in developing countries,
including China, Iran, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia.
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•The classification grid used in AJO
DO was used to classify topic heads.

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Top 5 topic heads with maximum
publications
•Treatment/Biomechanics,
•Growth & Development,
•Diagnosis & Treatment Planning,
•Psycho/Socio,
•Imaging, and
•Periodontics.
The least published topic heads over
the 10 years’ period were
•Biostatistics,
•Evidence-based Orthodontics,
•Lasers,
•TMD/Function, and
•Dental anomalies.

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•Forty-seven countries contributed
to publication of original articles in
AJODO during the ten-years period.
•USA, Brazil, China, Turkey, and
Korea are the top five contributors.
•India ranks tenth with a
contribution of 1.8%.

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•Tamil Nadu has
contributed the highest
statewide followed by
New Delhi and Karnataka.
•At the institutional level,
Sri Ramachandra Institute
of Higher Education and
Research has contributed
the maximum.

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Classification of study
themes

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5 most cited articles RCT and citation analysis

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Journal Profile

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Author and country Profile

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Country Profile

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32. Case reports trends
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Graphs showing the distribution of subtypes
•It was found that the most common subjects examined
were “adult” treatments (63.0%) in the CLP group,
“the miniscrew supported” treatments (58.0%) in the
maxillary expansion group.

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•It was found that the most common subjects examined were treatments related to
“Noonan syndrome” (27.0%) and idiopathic osteoarthritis (18.0%).

36. 37
•Regarding orthognathic surgery, “Skeletal
Class III” (33.0%), “Pre-surgical
orthodontics” (12.0%), and “Skeletal
Class II” (11.0%) treatments were examined
most frequently.

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•When using virtual 3D technology
in combination with printed acrylic
splints, 3D models of the jaws and
pre-bent osteosynthesis, there is a
noticeable reduction in the duration
of the operation in conjunction with
an improvement in accuracy.
•This improvement may justify the
higher financial expenses.
•Virtual planning for orthognathic
surgery may displace traditional
orthognathic surgery as it becomes
cost and time-effective.
Schneider D, Kämmerer PW, Hennig M, et al. Customized virtual surgical planning in bimaxillary orthognathic
surgery: a prospective randomized trial. Clin Oral Investig 2019;23(7):3115–3122.
Virtual 3D technology

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•The cases published on fixed orthodontic treatments
are divided into 32 subheadings based on the relevant
subject. Among these, “Non surgical open bite” (14.0%)
and “Camouflage of Class III malocclusion” (9.0%) were
the most common topics.

43. Salient features- Case reports
• The number of case reports published has gradually increased in the past
5 years.
• Among the journals examined, the largest number of case reports was
published in AJODO.
• It was found that the notable topics investigated were Fixed orthodontic
treatment, orthognathic surgery, and disease diversity in individuals with
general health problems.
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Technologies that have the potential to become
mainstream in the coming years.

45. 46
Technologies that have the potential to become
mainstream in the coming years.

46. Five domains
• Recent advancements in orthodontics is sub categorised into five domains,
as enumerated below;
1) Recent advancements in orthodontic 3D applications including 3D
printing, diagnosis and management.
2) Recent advancements in orthodontic biomaterials, nanotechnology,
biomimetics, battery-driven devices.
3) Recent advancements in orthodontic patient education, orthodontic
training, and orthodontics practice management.
4) Recent advancements in orthodontic E-health protocols, tele-
orthodontics, teleconsultations etc.
5) Recent advancements in orthodontic marketing and social media
influences.
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Robotics

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Christoph Theis1, Ioannis Iossifidis2 and Axel Steinhage. Image Processing Methods for Interactive
Robot Control. Conference Paper · February 2001
Robotic Dental Assistants.
•A prototypical 7DoF robot assistant was
proposed by Grischke et al., in 2019.
•By turning the trunk joint, the robot can
change its configuration from left to right
handed.
•Manipulator arm modules are covered
with a touch-sensitive so called artificial
skin.

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Robotics in Diagnosis, Management, and Simulation of Stomatognathic
System and Orthodontic Problems: Robotic Dental Articulator
Abulimiti Delimulati . Design of Parallel Robot for Dental Articulation and Its
Optimization. University of Nebraska - Lincoln

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Carossa M et al. Individual mandibular movement registration and reproduction using an opto eletronic jaw movement analyzer
and a dedicated robot: a dental technique. BMC Oral Health (2020) 20:271

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Carossa M et al. Individual mandibular movement registration and reproduction using an opto eletronic jaw movement analyzer
and a dedicated robot: a dental technique. BMC Oral Health (2020) 20:271

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Carossa M et al. Individual mandibular movement registration and reproduction using an opto eletronic jaw movement analyzer
and a dedicated robot: a dental technique. BMC Oral Health (2020) 20:271

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Carossa M et al. Individual mandibular movement registration and reproduction using an opto eletronic jaw movement analyzer
and a dedicated robot: a dental technique. BMC Oral Health (2020) 20:271

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Robots for Remotely Controlled Mandibular Positioners:
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients.
Kastoer C et al. The use of remotely controlled mandibular positioner as a predictive screening tool for mandibular advancement
device therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea through single-night progressive titration of the mandible: a systematic
review. J Clin Sleep Med 2016;12(10):1411–1421.

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Titration of the MAD
1. Subjective titration,
2. PSG-guided titration using a remotely controlled mandibular positioner (RCMP)
stepwise mandibular protrusion until respiratory events are reduced,
3. DISE-assisted titration using RCMP until a stable open airway was maintained.

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X. Lu, W. Xu, and X. Li, “Concepts and simulations of a soft robot mimicking human tongue,” in 2015 6th international
conference on automation, robotics and applications (ICARA), Queenstown, New Zealand, 2015
•A novel soft robot mimicking the
human tongue’s motion is proposed for
the purpose of measuring the tongue
movement and interaction with its
surrounding in vitro.
A tongue soft robot

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Robotics in Orthodontic Patient
Education, Teaching, and Training.
•This robot patient is manufactured by Kokoro.
•It has been developed as a training tool to
improve students patient communication skills
by emphasizing attitude rather than technique.
•Compared with pre-robot simulators, which
were just expressionless metal phantoms,
students feel much more tension with
SIMROID, whether they’re drilling its teeth or
talking to it.
T. Tanzawa, K. Futaki, C. Tani et al., “Introduction of a robot patient into dental education,” European Journal of Dental
Education, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. e195–e199, 2012.

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Robotics in Orthodontic Patient
Education, Teaching, and Training.
T. Tanzawa, K. Futaki, C. Tani et al., “Introduction of a robot patient into dental education,” European Journal of Dental
Education, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. e195–e199, 2012.

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K. Futaki, T. Yamaguchi, K. Katayama et al., “The utility of a patient robot in orthodontic practice,” Dental, Oral and
Cra niofacial Research. 2016;2:259–263.
A patient robot in orthodontic practice

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M. Ahire, N. Dani, and R. Muttha, “Dental health education through the brushing ROBOTUTOR: a new
learning experi ence,” Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 417–420, 2012.
Dental health education through the
brushing ROBOTUTOR

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Wire Bending and Customized CAD/CAM Appliance Robotics
Y. D.ZhangandJ.X.Jiang, “Analysis and experimentation of the robotic system for archwire
bending,” Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 121-126, pp. 3805–3809, 2011.

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Wire Bending and Customized CAD/CAM Appliance Robotics
Y. D.ZhangandJ.X.Jiang, “Analysis and experimentation of the robotic system for archwire
bending,” Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 121-126, pp. 3805–3809, 2011.

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Nano-/Microrobots
B. Balan and S. Narayanan, “Nano robotics-its time for change,” International Journal of Oral Care and
Research. 2014;2:41–46.
•Subocclusal dwelling nanorobotic
dentifrice delivered by mouthwash or
toothpaste could patrol all supragingival
and subgingival surfaces, performing
continuous calculus debridement.
•These invisibly small dentifrobots
would be inexpensive, safely
deactivating themselves if swallowed,
and would be programmed for better
cleaning of the teeth.

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Robotics for Implant Placement and Maxillofacial Surgeries
J. Burgner, M. Müller, J. Raczkowsky, and H. Wörn, “Ex vivo accuracy evaluation for robot assisted laser bone ablation,” The
International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 489–500, 2010.

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Robotics for Implant Placement and Maxillofacial Surgeries

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Robotics for Implant Placement and Maxillofacial Surgeries

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J. K. Hilliard, Robotic system for forming features in orthodontic aligners, United States patent US Google Patents. 2011
Robotics in Automated Aligner Production
•In 2011, Hilliard patented a robotic system for
forming features in orthodontic aligners,
including
•Control system,
•Platform for 3D positioning of the aligner,
•Heating station for selectively heating a small
region of the aligner, and
•Thermoforming station for manipulating the
heated region to form a desired feature in the
aligner.
•The control system can include a processor
with CAD software to enable a user to design
features for aligners.

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Rehabilitative Robots in Management of TMD.
H. Ishii et al. “Path generator control system and virtual compliance calculator for maxillofacial massage robots,”
International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 77–84, 2010.
•Massaging robots and mouth
training robots have been proposed
for the implementation of safe and
effective maxillofacial massage
and exercises to treat patients with
myofascial pain and limited mouth
opening by decreasing muscle
stiffness significantly.

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Nano technology

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Zakrzewski, W.; Dobrzynski, M.; Dobrzynski, W.; Zawadzka-Knefel, A.; Janecki, M.; Kurek, K.; Lubojanski, A.; Szymonowicz,
M.; Rybak, Z.; Wiglusz, R. Nanomaterials Application in Orthodontics. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 337.

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Zakrzewski, W et al. Nanomaterials Application in Orthodontics. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 337.
Aligners coated with nanoparticles

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3D Applications

77. 78
Thurzo, A.; Urbanová, W.; Novák, B.; Waczulíková, I.; Varga, I. Utilization of a 3D Printed Orthodontic Distalizer for Tooth-Borne
Hybrid Treatment in Class II Unilateral Malocclusions. Materials 2022, 15, 1740.
3D Printed Orthodontic Distalizer.

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Thurzo, A.; Urbanová, W.; Novák, B.; Waczulíková, I.; Varga, I. Utilization of a 3D Printed Orthodontic Distalizer for Tooth-Borne
Hybrid Treatment in Class II Unilateral Malocclusions. Materials 2022, 15, 1740.
3D Printed Orthodontic Distalizer.

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Kim J, Chun Y-S, Kim M. Accuracy of bracket positions with a CAD/CAM indirect bonding system in posterior teeth with
different cusp heights. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2018;153(2):298-307.
Accuracy of bracket positions with a
CAD/CAM indirect bonding system

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Yassine BENSMAIL. A glimpse into the future with Orthodontics’ Smart Brackets. Universidade Fernando
Pessoa . Porto, 2020
•The principle of the smart bracket
concept is the combination of an
orthodontic bracket with an integrated
microelectronic chip equipped with
multiple piezoresistive stress sensors.
•In addition, the measurement
information is transmitted wirelessly to
the computer screen reader, that the
orthodontist place near each tooth
during an examination.
•In this way, an objective feedback is
provided to the orthodontist.
Smart bracket

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Lapatki B, Bartholomeyczik J, Ruther P, Jonas I, Paul O. Smart bracket for multidimensional force and moment measurement.
Journal of dental research 2007;86(1):73- 78.

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Voudouris J C. Powered orthodontic bracket. United States patent US Google Patents. 2001.
Powered orthodontic
bracket

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Sachdeva R. SureSmile Technology in a Patient Centered Orthodontic Practice . JCO. 2001; XXXV(4)
Patient Centered Orthodontic Practice

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CUSTOMIZED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES

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89. •90
•In patients with a high arched and narrow
palate, it might be difficult to scan the
implant head circumferentially because of
the relatively large size of the scanner head.
•In such cases, it is prudent to use a virtual
implant analog to achieve perfect fitting of
the ring on the implant neck.
•Furthermore, some intraoral scanners cannot
directly scan metal surfaces of mini-implants
due to their highly reflective nature; this may
necessitate the use of a digital implant
analog.
3-dimensional printing of mini-implant retained orthodontic
appliances
•Graf S, Vasudavan S, Wilmes B. CAD-CAM design and 3-dimensional printing of mini-implant retained orthodontic appliances. Am J
Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018 Dec;154(6):877-882.

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3-dimensional printing of mini-implant retained orthodontic
appliances
•Graf S, Vasudavan S, Wilmes B. CAD-CAM design and 3-dimensional printing of mini-implant retained orthodontic appliances. Am J
Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018 Dec;154(6):877-882.

91. •92
•In patients with a high arched and narrow
palate, it might be difficult to scan the
implant head circumferentially because of
the relatively large size of the scanner head.
•In such cases, it is prudent to use a virtual
implant analog to achieve perfect fitting of
the ring on the implant neck.
•Furthermore, some intraoral scanners cannot
directly scan metal surfaces of mini-implants
due to their highly reflective nature; this may
necessitate the use of a digital implant
analog.
3-dimensional printing of mini-implant retained orthodontic
appliances
•Graf S, Vasudavan S, Wilmes B. CAD-CAM design and 3-dimensional printing of mini-implant retained orthodontic appliances. Am J
Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018 Dec;154(6):877-882.

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Wilmes B, Vasudavan S, Drescher D. CAD-CAM–fabricated mini-implant insertion guides for the delivery of a
distalization appliance in a single appointment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019;156(1):148-56.
CAD-CAM–fabricated mini-implant
insertion guides

94. In-house 3D designing of lingual customized brackets:
Deltaface Ubrackets® (Coruo, Limoges, France)
95
Panayi, N.; Tsolakis, A.I. In-house 3D designing of lingual and labial customized brackets using composite-
made customized bases. Eur. Orthod. Soc. 2021.

95. In-house 3D designing of lingual customized brackets:
Deltaface Ubrackets® (Coruo, Limoges, France)
96
Panayi, N.; Tsolakis, A.I. In-house 3D designing of lingual and labial customized brackets using composite-
made customized bases. Eur. Orthod. Soc. 2021.

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Artificial Intelligence

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Several key domains within AI research
in orthodontics, including
• Diagnosis and treatment planning,
• Automated anatomic landmark
detection analysis,
• Assessment of growth and
development​.

99. 100
•Rising trend in both
publications and citations,
particularly during 2019–
2021.
•Notably, among the 100
most-cited articles, 37 of
them were published in
2021.

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Monill-González, A.; Rovira-Calatayud, L.; D’Oliveira, N.G.; Ustrell-Torrent, J.M. Artificial intelligence in orthodontics: Where
are we now? Ascoping review. Orthod. Craniofac. Res. 2021, 24, 6–15.

104. 105
AI in Diagnosis and treatment planning
Monill-González, A.; Rovira-Calatayud, L.; D’Oliveira, N.G.; Ustrell-Torrent, J.M. Artificial intelligence in orthodontics: Where
are we now? Ascoping review. Orthod. Craniofac. Res. 2021, 24, 6–15.

105. 106
AI in Diagnosis and treatment planning
Monill-González, A.; Rovira-Calatayud, L.; D’Oliveira, N.G.; Ustrell-Torrent, J.M. Artificial intelligence in orthodontics: Where
are we now? Ascoping review. Orthod. Craniofac. Res. 2021, 24, 6–15.

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Swaity, A., Elgarba, B.M., Morgan, N. et al. Deep learning driven segmentation of maxillary impacted canine on cone
beam computed tomography images. Sci Rep 14. 2024:369.
Diagnosis and treatment planning

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Chen S, Wang L, Li G, et al. Machine learning in orthodontics: intro ducing a 3D auto- segmentation and auto- landmark finder
of CBCT images to assess maxillary constriction in unilateral impacted ca nine patients. Angle Orthod. 2020;90(1):77- 84.
3D auto- segmentation and auto- landmark finder

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Amasya H, Cesur E, Yıldırım DOK. Validation of cervical vertebral maturation stages: artificial intelligence vs human observer
visual analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2020.
Assessment of growth and development.​

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Guo Y- C, Han M, Chi Y, et al. Accurate age classification using manual method and deep convolutional neural
network based on ortho pantomogram images. Int J Legal Med. 2021;135(4):1589- 1597
Assessment of growth and development.​

110. 111
•The journal with the
highest number of articles is
Orthodontics & Craniofacial
Research, which has
published a total of 10
articles, with a notable surge
in publications in the year
2020.
•Following closely is Angle
Orthodontist with eight
articles.

111. 112

112. 113
•There is a rich collaboration between different countries/regions, especially
between Western countries.
•The United States of America Italy and china are the centres of co-operation
between countries/ regions.

113. 114

114. Salient features- AI
•The top 100 most-cited articles in AI in orthodontics and orthognathic surgery
were authored by 458 researchers from 180 institutions across 24 countries,
with a significant surge in publications starting from 2019.
•South Korea has the highest number of publications and citations, followed
by China and the United States.
•Seoul National University had the highest number of publications among the
top 100 most cited articles.
•Furthermore, the United States, China, and South Korea have been actively
engaged in inter national collaborations.
•The majority of the articles were focused on automated imaging assessment
and the application of AI in aiding diagnosis and treatment planning.
115

115. PART II
• CAT
• Biomaterials
• Tele dentistry
• Social media
• Covid 19
• Virtual reality
116

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117. 118
•There was an overall upward
trend in the number of articles
published per year from 2002 to
2022, increasing from 0 to 186
articles.
•The frequency of citations
increased from 0 in 2002 to 2705
in 2022.
•This indicates that CA and
related studies have been
expanding and further research is
being conducted.

118. 119

119. 120
•Italy ranks first in the number of published articles and has the top 3 most
productive institutions involved in CA research.
•In addition, the U.S.A. ranks first in the frequency of citations and has a high
centrality, indicating that it is at the forefront of the field and at the centre of
international collaboration

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Shape memory polymers (SMP)
Shape memory materials are subcategory of smart materials which have the ability
of changing their macroscopic shape upon a proper stimulus.​

127. 128
Y.M. Bichu et al. 3D printed clear aligners 3D printed clear aligners. Bioactive Materials. 2023;22:384–403.
3D printed clear aligners

128. 129
S.M. Kumar, Cytotoxicity of 3D Printed Materials: an in Vitro Study. Master’s Thesis,
Sri Ramakrishna Dental College and Hospital, 2019. Coimbatore.
Conclusion: Invisalign aligner material was the
least cytotoxic, followed by Dental LT clear
resin (Form Labs, Somerville, MA, USA) and
Accura 60 SLA (3D Systems, Rockhill, SC,
USA) and the latter two materials are not
approved for direct printed clear aligners as yet.

129. 130
Company Claims:
• Company’s own 3D printing resin
is equipped with a shape memory function,
that according to Graphy, is the only one
available on the current market.
• The material is able to stay in hot water of
up to 100 C for 1–2 min, and this also helps
with disinfection.
• The ability of the aligner to rotate teeth by
up to 35 ◦ , which other aligners struggle to
achieve.
Although the product has CE certification,
510k clearance from the US Food and Drug
Administration is pending
Bichu YM, Alwafi A, Liu X, Andrews J, Ludwig B, Bichu AY, Zou B. Advances in orthodontic clear aligner
materials. Bioact Mater. 2022 Oct 20;22:384-403. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.006.
In September 2021, South
Korean manufacturer Graphy showcased the
world’s first direct 3D-printed aligner

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Bichu YM, Alwafi A, Liu X, Andrews J, Ludwig B, Bichu AY, Zou B. Advances in orthodontic clear aligner
materials. Bioact Mater. 2022 Oct 20;22:384-403. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.006.

131. 132
• Researchers suggest using shape memory
polymers to reduce the number of aligners
needed per treatment, thereby reducing
plastic consumption.
• Incorporating recycled materials into 3D
printing processes could increase
sustainability.
• Biodegradable plastics could offer an
environmentally friendly alternative to
conventional clear aligner materials.
• There is concern about the potential
health impacts of nanoplastics from
prolonged aligner wear, although studies on
this topic are lacking.
Bichu YM, Alwafi A, Liu X, Andrews J, Ludwig B, Bichu AY, Zou B. Advances in orthodontic clear aligner
materials. Bioact Mater. 2022 Oct 20;22:384-403. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.006.
Life cycle of a single use plastic
Aligner.

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Artese F. Trends or evidence: What do orthodontists want to rely on? Dental Press J Orthod. 2019 May-June;24(3):7-8.

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Artese F. Trends or evidence: What do orthodontists want to rely on? Dental Press J Orthod. 2019 May-June;24(3):7-8.

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BPA free monomers

135. 136

136. 137

137. 138
Theodore Eliades. From biomimetics to smart materials and 3D technology: Applications in orthodontic bonding,
debonding, and appliance design or fabrication. Japanese Dental Science Review.2023;59:403-411.
Biomimetics
Lizard Gecko

138. 139
Mussel adhesive proteins (MAPs) are one of
nature’s most efficient adhesive materials.
In order to attach to a surface, the mussel
secretes sticky threads that are soft and rubbery
near its body and stiffen to a nylon-like
consistency near the surface.
Lee H, Lee BP, Messersmith PB. A reversible wet/dry adhesive inspired
by mussels and geckos. Nature 2007;448(7151):338–41.
Mussel

139. 140

140. 141
Collins, C.M.; Safiuddin, M. Lotus-Leaf-Inspired Biomimetic Coatings: Different Types, Key
Properties, and Applications in Infrastructures. Infrastructures 2022, 7, 46
Lotus Leaf

141. 142

142. 143
Smart Materials

143. 144
Intraoral scanners/ 3D Models

144. 145

145. 146

146. 147

147. 148

148. 149

149. 150
Tele-dentistry is a remote provision of dental care, advice, or treatment via
technology.
Tele- dentistry

150. 151

151. 152

152. 153
Dental Monitoring®
(Dental Monitoring Co.,
Paris, France) is
described as a software
that allows patients to
accurately capture their
dentition using a patient’s
own smartphone and
special cheek retractors.
Thurzo, A.; Kurilová, V.; Varga, I. Artificial Intelligence in Orthodontic Smart Application for Treatment Coaching and Its
Impact on Clinical Performance of Patients Monitored with AI-TeleHealth System. Healthcare 2021, 9, 1695.

153. 154
Thurzo, A.; Kurilová, V.; Varga, I. Artificial Intelligence in Orthodontic Smart Application for Treatment Coaching and Its
Impact on Clinical Performance of Patients Monitored with AI-TeleHealth System. Healthcare 2021, 9, 1695.

154. 155
Mobile application
StrojCHECK®
(Bratislava, Slovakia,
3Dent Medical, osim.sk—
Society for Medical
Innovation (SMI)) is a free
smart app for orthodontic
patients and doctors.

155. 156
Stocker B, Willmann JH, Wilmes B, Vasudavan S, Drescher D. Wear-time recording during early class III facemask
treatment using TheraMon chip technology. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2016;150(3):533-40
Dental Monitoring

156. 157

157. 158
Any transmission of patient information that relates in any way to marketing or
practice promotion or development may run afoul of ethically mandated privacy
concerns and also may provide the groundwork for civil litigation against you.
It has been suggested that the patient should be informed of the intended use of the
photographs and the security measures in place to protect privacy.

158. 159
Another simple thing we can do is to deidentify our patients as much as
possible when we transmit protected health information electronically. The
following are commonly used deidentification tactics.
1. Remove geographic subdivisions that are smaller than a state such as
the patient's home city, street address, county, and full zip code.
2. Remove all dates related to protected health information such as birth
date and dates of treatment.
3. Remove all contact information such as phone and fax numbers, e-mail
addresses, social security numbers, medical records numbers, account
numbers, insurance plan numbers, and vehicle or drivers identification
numbers.
4. Remove IP addresses and URLs
5. Remove or block out certain aspects of full-face photos and other
comparable images (if possible given the particulars of the
circumstance) and any unique identifying marks or characteristics

159. 160
Social Media

160. 161

161. 162
Siddiqui, N.; Chia, M.; Sharif, M.O. Social media and orthodontics: Are
our patients scrolling? J. Orthod. 2021, 49, 179–184.

162. 163
Covid- 19

163. 164

164. 165
•The decrease in orthodontics phrases in the year 2020 was in line with the worldwide
restrictions announced by governments and the peak of the “social distancing” expression
was observed in March 2020.
Sycinska-Dziarnowska, M et al. The Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Interest in Orthodontic Treatment and Perspectives
for the Future. Real-Time Surveillance Using Google Trends. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 5647

165. 166
•The “invisalign” trend imitated the “braces” trend, with an even slightly stronger
decrease of interest in the “invisalign” search, during the spring lockdown and
larger increase in searches for “invisalign” at the beginning of 2021

166. 167
•The highest number of questions regarding “braces pain” were asked at the
beginning of November 2020.

167. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR)
• Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) could play an
important role in the orthodontic training for orthodontic residents
of the future.
• Although in Orthodontics, AR and VR are in its infancy, steadfast,
progresses have been made in other areas of dentistry.
168

168. 169
Farag, A.; Hashem, D. Impact of the Haptic Virtual Reality Simulator on Dental Students’ Psychomotor
Skills in Preclinical Operative Dentistry. Clin. Pract. 2022, 12, 17-26
Virtual Reality
•Unacceptable errors may be
encountered during the initial stage of
psychomotor skills acquisition as the student
relies on instructor feedback and availability,
and may not readily develop skills of self-
assessment and critical thinking.
•Haptic virtual reality simulators provide
a sense (haptic) of feedback through the
device being held by the user in the form of
sounds, pressure, and vibrations.
•The goal is to simulate an optimal and
genuine sense of the clinical procedure,
providing a learning experience that
resembles reality.

169. 170

170. 171

171. 172
Heike et al. 3D digital stereophotogrammetry: a practical guide to
facial image acquisition. Head & Face Medicine. 2010;6:18.
3D digital stereophotogrammetry

172. 173

173. 174

174. 175

175. 176

176. 177

177. 178

178. 179

179. 180

180. 181

181. 182

182. Concluding remarks
• Over the past decade, there have been significant trends in
orthodontic research.
• The number of published orthodontic studies has increased, with the
AJODO and AO being the top journals.
• Technological advancements have played a crucial role in shaping
orthodontics, with developments in 3D printing, computer-aided
design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM), biomaterials,
nanotecnology and teleorthodontics being prominent.
183

183. • The use of Virtual reality (VR), Augmented reality (AR) and
Artificial intelligence (AI) has also emerged as a significant trend.
• Change in the topics of interest over the decades, with skeletal
anchorage-related articles dominating in the past, and new
technologies like cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and
corticotomy-assisted orthodontics gaining prominence in recent
years.
184

184. • There has been a shift in the geographical distribution of
orthodontic research, with developing nations such as Egypt, Saudi
Arabia, and Iran showing an increasing trend in research output.
• There is little to no orthodontic literature that addresses issues such
as the veracity of social media, the veracity of educational
information, and creative marketing in the era of social media
dominance.
185

185. • Although clinical orthodontics has already achieved unprecedented
heights, this does not incur that more research and development is
superfluous or undesired.
• New conception, skill, and methodology intending to advance,
upgrade and augment a particular scientific turf must be pioneered
through their publication in scientific journals.
186
Conclusion

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196

196. Thank you!
197