Fundamentalism refers to a reactionary movement among religious groups who strongly reject aspects of modernism and secularism. Fundamentalists believe they alone have access to absolute religious truth and morality. They take religious texts literally and believe in returning to a mythical past. Fundamentalism has emerged as a force across major religions in opposition to trends like democracy, pluralism, and women's rights. While most fundamentalists oppose modern values peacefully, some use violence to achieve their ends.
Presentation prepared for a series of lectures on Fundamentalism for PS 240 introduction to Political Theory at the University of Kentucky, Spring 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Instructor.
Religious fundamentalism is partly a reaction against globalization and the changes it brings. Some people feel threatened by foreign influences and look to religious leaders for answers. Religious fundamentalism focuses on differences between groups rather than their shared humanity. While global forces are a factor, political opportunism also plays a role, as leaders exploit fears for their own gain. Examples given include Hindu nationalist groups in India campaigning against foreign companies and cultural influences.
The document discusses religious fundamentalism and strategies to overcome it, defining fundamentalism as a strict adherence to traditional religious doctrines and a return to the fundamentals of faith. It also outlines how fundamentalism promotes ignorance of other groups through rumors, biased media, and politics. Finally, it proposes ways to overcome fundamentalism by addressing self, promoting unity with humankind, establishing dialogue, and creating a culture of peace.
This document discusses religious extremism. It defines religious extremism as an ideology that is far outside mainstream attitudes or violates moral standards. Religious extremism can occur between different religions like Islam, Christianity, and Judaism, or within a single religion. Characteristics of religious extremists include a sense of righteousness, confirmation bias, and idealizing historical figures. Impacts include increasing hatred, chaos, diverting focus from learning to attacking others, and damaging the image of whole religions. Examples given are attacks by Israelis on Palestinians, the 9/11 attacks, and wars in the Middle East. Suggested solutions are promoting peaceful coexistence between religions, awareness campaigns, and encouraging learning over conflict.
Extremism, especially religious extremism, has become a major challenge in Pakistan that threatens social cohesion and national security. It manifests through violent acts by extremist groups and human rights violations when extremists gain power. While some argue extremism stems from political grievances, others believe the extremist ideology itself justifies antagonism. Reformist Muslim voices are seen as critical to countering extremist narratives. In Pakistan, extremism in recent years has led to over 1,700 terrorist attacks in 2013 alone, carried out mainly by the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan, killing over 2,400 people. Beyond organized groups, extremism is also growing at the individual level and destroying families and society.
Religious extremism in Pakistan has several causes, including a lack of distinction made between religion and culture, insufficient religious education, and exposure to extremist ideologies in some madrasas. This extremism threatens social harmony and national security in Pakistan. The best solution is for the government to significantly improve education across Pakistan to promote moderate understanding of Islam and discourage radicalization. Educating the public in accordance with the tolerant principles of the Quran and Hadith is key to reducing extremism.
This document discusses communalism and fundamentalism. It defines fundamentalism as embracing a central religious text as infallible and taking religious tenets so seriously that evidence cannot dissuade one's views. Fundamentalism often arises from fear of change, modernization, and loss of influence. The document outlines different types of fundamentalism like Islamic, Christian, and Hindu fundamentalism and their effects like spreading terrorism and violence. Common traits of fundamentalist groups are basing beliefs strictly on revealed texts, rejecting other beliefs, and fearing education, media, and an uncertain future.
Presentation prepared for a series of lectures on Fundamentalism for PS 240 introduction to Political Theory at the University of Kentucky, Spring 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Instructor.
Religious fundamentalism is partly a reaction against globalization and the changes it brings. Some people feel threatened by foreign influences and look to religious leaders for answers. Religious fundamentalism focuses on differences between groups rather than their shared humanity. While global forces are a factor, political opportunism also plays a role, as leaders exploit fears for their own gain. Examples given include Hindu nationalist groups in India campaigning against foreign companies and cultural influences.
The document discusses religious fundamentalism and strategies to overcome it, defining fundamentalism as a strict adherence to traditional religious doctrines and a return to the fundamentals of faith. It also outlines how fundamentalism promotes ignorance of other groups through rumors, biased media, and politics. Finally, it proposes ways to overcome fundamentalism by addressing self, promoting unity with humankind, establishing dialogue, and creating a culture of peace.
This document discusses religious extremism. It defines religious extremism as an ideology that is far outside mainstream attitudes or violates moral standards. Religious extremism can occur between different religions like Islam, Christianity, and Judaism, or within a single religion. Characteristics of religious extremists include a sense of righteousness, confirmation bias, and idealizing historical figures. Impacts include increasing hatred, chaos, diverting focus from learning to attacking others, and damaging the image of whole religions. Examples given are attacks by Israelis on Palestinians, the 9/11 attacks, and wars in the Middle East. Suggested solutions are promoting peaceful coexistence between religions, awareness campaigns, and encouraging learning over conflict.
Extremism, especially religious extremism, has become a major challenge in Pakistan that threatens social cohesion and national security. It manifests through violent acts by extremist groups and human rights violations when extremists gain power. While some argue extremism stems from political grievances, others believe the extremist ideology itself justifies antagonism. Reformist Muslim voices are seen as critical to countering extremist narratives. In Pakistan, extremism in recent years has led to over 1,700 terrorist attacks in 2013 alone, carried out mainly by the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan, killing over 2,400 people. Beyond organized groups, extremism is also growing at the individual level and destroying families and society.
Religious extremism in Pakistan has several causes, including a lack of distinction made between religion and culture, insufficient religious education, and exposure to extremist ideologies in some madrasas. This extremism threatens social harmony and national security in Pakistan. The best solution is for the government to significantly improve education across Pakistan to promote moderate understanding of Islam and discourage radicalization. Educating the public in accordance with the tolerant principles of the Quran and Hadith is key to reducing extremism.
This document discusses communalism and fundamentalism. It defines fundamentalism as embracing a central religious text as infallible and taking religious tenets so seriously that evidence cannot dissuade one's views. Fundamentalism often arises from fear of change, modernization, and loss of influence. The document outlines different types of fundamentalism like Islamic, Christian, and Hindu fundamentalism and their effects like spreading terrorism and violence. Common traits of fundamentalist groups are basing beliefs strictly on revealed texts, rejecting other beliefs, and fearing education, media, and an uncertain future.
This document defines and discusses religious fundamentalism. It begins by defining fundamentalism from different sources and exploring the roots of the term in Christianity. It then examines different types of religious fundamentalism like Islamic, Christian, Hindu and Jewish fundamentalism. The document discusses the effects of fundamentalism, like spreading terrorist activities and violence. It concludes by noting that while some see fundamentalism as threatening modern society, religions generally do not promote war or killing except in self-defense.
Religious extremism in Pakistan has led to threats to faith, life, peace, security and national solidarity. It has also resulted in domestic war and terrorism. The document identifies various internal factors like illiteracy, brainwashing in madrassas, a faulty political system and lack of law enforcement as contributing to extremism. External factors include drone attacks, international policies favoring other countries over Pakistan and domestic interference by foreign countries. Solutions proposed include providing a safe and enabling environment, training religious workers, focusing on human values over differences, emphasizing education and managing media broadcasts to rebut extremism. The best solution is considered to be educating the population to make minds less susceptible to radicalization.
Globalization has led to rapid economic growth and rising prosperity in India, creating an urban middle class. However, contrary to predictions, this class has become more religious rather than less. Hinduism legitimates Indian nationalism and the middle class's newfound consumerism. It reconciles traditional renunciation of desires with materialism by teaching that desires reflect divinity when used to motivate work. Similarly, modernized versions of Hinduism allow rituals to "spiritually balance" consumerism. This has contributed to a "Hindu ultra-nationalism" but also widening divisions with religious minorities.
There is one major point of distinction between the two, however. The fanatically religious can be weakened by pointing to statements promoting peace in their own religious texts. But fanatical atheists cannot be pacified by pointing to anything. The ‘science’ they believe in (atheistic evolution) implies no moral principle. Morality and ethics is optional. It’s a personal choice. It means you can do ‘wrong’ – just don’t get caught. Visit: http://sanjaycpatel.com/is-atheism-a-growing-threat/
The rise of most extreme religious voicesMariamKhan128
The document discusses whether the world is becoming more secular or religious. It argues that the idea of desecularization is wrong, as people around the world are becoming more religious due to factors like globalization weakening national identities. While statistics show some increases in atheism, religion fulfills an important human need for meaning and community. However, religious credibility faces challenges from pluralism and the rise of extreme voices that distort core beliefs like Islam, Hinduism, Judaism and Buddhism. Overall, religion appears to fulfill an inherent human need, but moderate religious movements must thoughtfully address social problems to stay relevant.
This document provides an overview of Muslim extremism from a historical perspective. It discusses key figures and events that helped shaped extremist movements like Salafism, Muslim Brotherhood, Al Qaeda, and Hamas. These include Ibn Taamiya in the Middle Ages, Sayyid Qutb and his influential book Milestones, and current leaders like Ayman al-Zawahiri, Usama bin Laden, and Khalid Mashal of Hamas. The document also examines the roles of Iran, Syria, Hezbollah, and Muqtada al-Sadr in relation to extremism.
While terrorism continues to make headlines around the world, some researchers have suggested that terrorists are mentally ill and have used labels such as psychopathic or sociopathic, narcissistic, paranoid and schizophrenic. Others have argued that there is no evidence to indicate that they are mentally ill, disordered, psychopathic or otherwise psychologically abnormal.
The Royal's Dr. AG Ahmed, Dr. Wadgy Loza and Dr. Pius Adesanmi discuss research findings and reflect on the new meanings and manifestations of terrorism and extremism in Canada and around the world.
Religious Fundamentalism and Cultural DefenceBeth Lee
The document discusses religious fundamentalism and its relationship to globalization. It identifies five key characteristics of religious fundamentalism, including seeking to return to traditional beliefs and avoiding contact with those holding different views. Fundamentalism is seen as a reaction against a globalizing world that undermines traditional social norms by providing certainty in an uncertain environment. Two types of responses to postmodernity are identified: resistant identity through fundamentalism and project identity through engagement with social movements. Criticisms of analyses of fundamentalism are discussed, including that they overlook hybrid religious movements and differences between types of fundamentalism. The document explores the origins and examples of fundamentalism in the West and Third World.
This presentation examines on extremism and act of terror committed at the global level. Since extremism is an age-old phenomenon that existed all throughout in the history of mankind, the presentation will focus on the many forms of extremism that happen during this modern age of globalization and telecommunication. The crux of the presentation will focus on the root causes of extremism and how to remedy the ever increasing rate of terror attacks that happens all over the world. The researchers have also highlighted that it is unfair to associate extremism carried out by people to their religions. This sort of an unfair judgment has been done in the case of a Muslim to Islam, while the non-Muslim is associated to mental illness. Last but not least, the researchers call for a concerted effort from all, regardless race and religion to join force to eradicate extremism and make this world a safe place for all to live.
definition of Fudamentalism & its type & effects in simple words by matiullahMati Khan Ahmadzai
The document defines fundamentalism as a movement that strictly maintains religious doctrines and principles. It discusses both positive and negative types of fundamentalism. Positive fundamentalism includes protecting Muslim culture, while negative fundamentalism involves using religion for personal gain. The document examines religious fundamentalism in Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism, providing examples of each. Some effects of fundamentalism mentioned are threats to government stability, violence, and exploiting democracy through terrorism.
The document discusses the rise of religious fanaticism in the 21st century. It outlines some of the key causes of religious fanaticism such as illiteracy, excessive devotion to religion without independent thought, and a refusal to accept ideas that contradict one's beliefs. The effects of religious fanaticism discussed include religious conflicts and violence, false religious justifications for actions, destruction of historical sites and killing of people, cultural conflicts, terrorism, and hindering education. Some examples of religious terrorist groups are also mentioned such as Lashkar-e-Taiba, Al-Qaeda, and others responsible for attacks causing thousands of deaths. In conclusion, the document states that religious fanaticism often leads to negative outcomes and violence
There are two types of religious extremism discussed in the document: religious terrorists and religious cults. Religious terrorists embrace beliefs that allow violence and view outsiders as enemies of God, while cults require absolute loyalty and isolate members from their former lives. Examples discussed include Al-Qaeda, Aum Shinrikyo, Jonestown, and Heaven's Gate. The document examines why people may be drawn to such groups and provides warning signs for identifying religious extremism.
The Salience of Sectarianism, Making Sect Stick in Syria and IraqCraig Browne
This thesis examines how sectarianism became a dominant factor in the conflicts in Syria and Iraq. It argues that while sectarian identities pre-existed in both countries, their importance fluctuated based on context. When protests broke out in Syria and Iraq, the governing authorities quickly adopted sectarian rhetoric and tactics. Over time, opposition groups that were better organized, trained, and financed from abroad grew in influence and also embraced sectarianism. This helped further sectarianize the conflicts as these groups competed with the regimes. The thesis aims to contribute to theories of ethnic conflict by showing how identities are socially constructed and can change based on political and social circumstances. It also examines how international factors, like foreign militant groups, can shape identity
B.S SOCIOLOGY MALE 11 PRESENTATION SOCIAL THOUGHTMunawar Abbas
This document discusses sectarianism in Pakistan, providing definitions and history. It notes that sectarianism is a recent phenomenon in Pakistan, where for most of the country's history, people of different Islamic sects coexisted peacefully. However, under Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization policies in the late 1970s and 1980s, sectarian divisions increased. Since then, sectarian violence has risen significantly, with over 2,000 Shia Hazaras killed in attacks since 2000. The document also discusses discrimination faced by religious minorities like Christians, Hindus, and Ahmadis in Pakistan.
This document discusses the role of religion in economic development in a globalizing world. It provides several examples:
1) In India, Hinduism has legitimized the rise of Hindu nationalism and the prosperity of the Indian middle class. Despite secularization, the urban middle class remains religious.
2) In East Asia, concepts similar to the Protestant work ethic in religions like Confucianism have encouraged values like hard work that contributed to economic growth.
3) Research found similarities between the Protestant work ethic and values promoted by Latin American Pentecostalism that can encourage productivity.
4) Pentecostalism's ability to incorporate local customs has contributed to its success in developing countries
The document discusses the rise of ISIS and its ideological roots in 18th century Wahhabism. It describes how Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab founded the Wahhabi movement in response to the decline of pure Islamic faith under the Ottomans. Wahhabism promoted a strict, literal interpretation of the Quran and hadith. The document argues that ISIS continues to be influenced by Wahhabism, adopting its extreme, violent stances toward those deemed impure or unbelievers. ISIS uses Wahhabi texts and aims to restore the caliphate based on Wahhabist principles of expanding pure Islamic rule.
Religious Extremism in Pakistan: Causes and SolutionsJawadAhmed202
This document discusses religious extremism in Pakistan. It identifies several causes that have led to the rise of religious extremism such as illiteracy, lack of law and order implementation, foreign disruptions, and a corrupt system. The consequences of religious extremism are identified as threats to peace, terrorism, and national disintegration. Solutions proposed include increasing education, properly implementing law and order, instituting checks and balances on religious institutions, controlling media messaging, and having religious scholars promote inclusive teachings. The document concludes by calling for unity and adherence to the true teachings of Islam.
Religion has historically united people but also caused conflict by dividing them into in-groups and out-groups. Over time, religions originally seen as unified have split into sects due to differing interpretations and political influences, fueling tensions. The document discusses how sectarianism arises from feelings of threatened religious identity and loyalty to one's own sect. It reviews literature analyzing the social and political dimensions of sectarianism historically within religions like Christianity, Islam, and African-American churches. Conflict theory is discussed as explaining how elites use religion to control the lower classes.
The West’s View on Islam/Muslims: Islamophobia?Amira Daghache
This research paper will take a deeper look at the West’s view of Islam and asks questions whether it’s all Islamophobia or something deeper. It details how it started, who’s encouraging it and why, who’s benefiting from it, how it’s viewed in other mediums, how it affected Muslims, who are the most prominent public figures fighting it and how it become different in recent years.
This document discusses possible topics related to religious extremism for an upcoming event. It provides brief biographies of several potential speakers with expertise in related areas such as cults, radical Islam, religious terrorism, and the intersection of religion, politics, and society. A wide range of subtopics are listed that cover various religious extremist groups, ideologies, behaviors, and the social and psychological factors involved. The document aims to identify knowledgeable individuals and topics that could help explore the complex and multifaceted issue of religious extremism from different perspectives.
Globalization has provided a context for the revival and resurgence of many religions worldwide. Modern technologies like the internet and air travel have allowed religious ideas and followers to spread across borders like never before. While some religious groups oppose globalization for threatening local cultures and beliefs, others see it as an opportunity to evangelize and expand their reach on a global scale. Religions have proven highly adaptable over time, both facilitating and adjusting to the forces of globalization.
The document discusses the growing trend of secularism in Australia and its effects on religion and religious rituals. Secularism is increasing due to the influences of science, multiculturalism, and commercialism. Traditional religious holidays like Easter and Christmas have become more secular and commercialized. Easter is now more about chocolate bunnies and eggs rather than the religious meaning of resurrection. Christmas is widely celebrated in Australia by people of all faiths and those with no religion, focusing more on family gatherings than religious significance. Overall secularism is changing the way Australians practice and experience religion.
This document defines and discusses religious fundamentalism. It begins by defining fundamentalism from different sources and exploring the roots of the term in Christianity. It then examines different types of religious fundamentalism like Islamic, Christian, Hindu and Jewish fundamentalism. The document discusses the effects of fundamentalism, like spreading terrorist activities and violence. It concludes by noting that while some see fundamentalism as threatening modern society, religions generally do not promote war or killing except in self-defense.
Religious extremism in Pakistan has led to threats to faith, life, peace, security and national solidarity. It has also resulted in domestic war and terrorism. The document identifies various internal factors like illiteracy, brainwashing in madrassas, a faulty political system and lack of law enforcement as contributing to extremism. External factors include drone attacks, international policies favoring other countries over Pakistan and domestic interference by foreign countries. Solutions proposed include providing a safe and enabling environment, training religious workers, focusing on human values over differences, emphasizing education and managing media broadcasts to rebut extremism. The best solution is considered to be educating the population to make minds less susceptible to radicalization.
Globalization has led to rapid economic growth and rising prosperity in India, creating an urban middle class. However, contrary to predictions, this class has become more religious rather than less. Hinduism legitimates Indian nationalism and the middle class's newfound consumerism. It reconciles traditional renunciation of desires with materialism by teaching that desires reflect divinity when used to motivate work. Similarly, modernized versions of Hinduism allow rituals to "spiritually balance" consumerism. This has contributed to a "Hindu ultra-nationalism" but also widening divisions with religious minorities.
There is one major point of distinction between the two, however. The fanatically religious can be weakened by pointing to statements promoting peace in their own religious texts. But fanatical atheists cannot be pacified by pointing to anything. The ‘science’ they believe in (atheistic evolution) implies no moral principle. Morality and ethics is optional. It’s a personal choice. It means you can do ‘wrong’ – just don’t get caught. Visit: http://sanjaycpatel.com/is-atheism-a-growing-threat/
The rise of most extreme religious voicesMariamKhan128
The document discusses whether the world is becoming more secular or religious. It argues that the idea of desecularization is wrong, as people around the world are becoming more religious due to factors like globalization weakening national identities. While statistics show some increases in atheism, religion fulfills an important human need for meaning and community. However, religious credibility faces challenges from pluralism and the rise of extreme voices that distort core beliefs like Islam, Hinduism, Judaism and Buddhism. Overall, religion appears to fulfill an inherent human need, but moderate religious movements must thoughtfully address social problems to stay relevant.
This document provides an overview of Muslim extremism from a historical perspective. It discusses key figures and events that helped shaped extremist movements like Salafism, Muslim Brotherhood, Al Qaeda, and Hamas. These include Ibn Taamiya in the Middle Ages, Sayyid Qutb and his influential book Milestones, and current leaders like Ayman al-Zawahiri, Usama bin Laden, and Khalid Mashal of Hamas. The document also examines the roles of Iran, Syria, Hezbollah, and Muqtada al-Sadr in relation to extremism.
While terrorism continues to make headlines around the world, some researchers have suggested that terrorists are mentally ill and have used labels such as psychopathic or sociopathic, narcissistic, paranoid and schizophrenic. Others have argued that there is no evidence to indicate that they are mentally ill, disordered, psychopathic or otherwise psychologically abnormal.
The Royal's Dr. AG Ahmed, Dr. Wadgy Loza and Dr. Pius Adesanmi discuss research findings and reflect on the new meanings and manifestations of terrorism and extremism in Canada and around the world.
Religious Fundamentalism and Cultural DefenceBeth Lee
The document discusses religious fundamentalism and its relationship to globalization. It identifies five key characteristics of religious fundamentalism, including seeking to return to traditional beliefs and avoiding contact with those holding different views. Fundamentalism is seen as a reaction against a globalizing world that undermines traditional social norms by providing certainty in an uncertain environment. Two types of responses to postmodernity are identified: resistant identity through fundamentalism and project identity through engagement with social movements. Criticisms of analyses of fundamentalism are discussed, including that they overlook hybrid religious movements and differences between types of fundamentalism. The document explores the origins and examples of fundamentalism in the West and Third World.
This presentation examines on extremism and act of terror committed at the global level. Since extremism is an age-old phenomenon that existed all throughout in the history of mankind, the presentation will focus on the many forms of extremism that happen during this modern age of globalization and telecommunication. The crux of the presentation will focus on the root causes of extremism and how to remedy the ever increasing rate of terror attacks that happens all over the world. The researchers have also highlighted that it is unfair to associate extremism carried out by people to their religions. This sort of an unfair judgment has been done in the case of a Muslim to Islam, while the non-Muslim is associated to mental illness. Last but not least, the researchers call for a concerted effort from all, regardless race and religion to join force to eradicate extremism and make this world a safe place for all to live.
definition of Fudamentalism & its type & effects in simple words by matiullahMati Khan Ahmadzai
The document defines fundamentalism as a movement that strictly maintains religious doctrines and principles. It discusses both positive and negative types of fundamentalism. Positive fundamentalism includes protecting Muslim culture, while negative fundamentalism involves using religion for personal gain. The document examines religious fundamentalism in Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism, providing examples of each. Some effects of fundamentalism mentioned are threats to government stability, violence, and exploiting democracy through terrorism.
The document discusses the rise of religious fanaticism in the 21st century. It outlines some of the key causes of religious fanaticism such as illiteracy, excessive devotion to religion without independent thought, and a refusal to accept ideas that contradict one's beliefs. The effects of religious fanaticism discussed include religious conflicts and violence, false religious justifications for actions, destruction of historical sites and killing of people, cultural conflicts, terrorism, and hindering education. Some examples of religious terrorist groups are also mentioned such as Lashkar-e-Taiba, Al-Qaeda, and others responsible for attacks causing thousands of deaths. In conclusion, the document states that religious fanaticism often leads to negative outcomes and violence
There are two types of religious extremism discussed in the document: religious terrorists and religious cults. Religious terrorists embrace beliefs that allow violence and view outsiders as enemies of God, while cults require absolute loyalty and isolate members from their former lives. Examples discussed include Al-Qaeda, Aum Shinrikyo, Jonestown, and Heaven's Gate. The document examines why people may be drawn to such groups and provides warning signs for identifying religious extremism.
The Salience of Sectarianism, Making Sect Stick in Syria and IraqCraig Browne
This thesis examines how sectarianism became a dominant factor in the conflicts in Syria and Iraq. It argues that while sectarian identities pre-existed in both countries, their importance fluctuated based on context. When protests broke out in Syria and Iraq, the governing authorities quickly adopted sectarian rhetoric and tactics. Over time, opposition groups that were better organized, trained, and financed from abroad grew in influence and also embraced sectarianism. This helped further sectarianize the conflicts as these groups competed with the regimes. The thesis aims to contribute to theories of ethnic conflict by showing how identities are socially constructed and can change based on political and social circumstances. It also examines how international factors, like foreign militant groups, can shape identity
B.S SOCIOLOGY MALE 11 PRESENTATION SOCIAL THOUGHTMunawar Abbas
This document discusses sectarianism in Pakistan, providing definitions and history. It notes that sectarianism is a recent phenomenon in Pakistan, where for most of the country's history, people of different Islamic sects coexisted peacefully. However, under Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization policies in the late 1970s and 1980s, sectarian divisions increased. Since then, sectarian violence has risen significantly, with over 2,000 Shia Hazaras killed in attacks since 2000. The document also discusses discrimination faced by religious minorities like Christians, Hindus, and Ahmadis in Pakistan.
This document discusses the role of religion in economic development in a globalizing world. It provides several examples:
1) In India, Hinduism has legitimized the rise of Hindu nationalism and the prosperity of the Indian middle class. Despite secularization, the urban middle class remains religious.
2) In East Asia, concepts similar to the Protestant work ethic in religions like Confucianism have encouraged values like hard work that contributed to economic growth.
3) Research found similarities between the Protestant work ethic and values promoted by Latin American Pentecostalism that can encourage productivity.
4) Pentecostalism's ability to incorporate local customs has contributed to its success in developing countries
The document discusses the rise of ISIS and its ideological roots in 18th century Wahhabism. It describes how Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab founded the Wahhabi movement in response to the decline of pure Islamic faith under the Ottomans. Wahhabism promoted a strict, literal interpretation of the Quran and hadith. The document argues that ISIS continues to be influenced by Wahhabism, adopting its extreme, violent stances toward those deemed impure or unbelievers. ISIS uses Wahhabi texts and aims to restore the caliphate based on Wahhabist principles of expanding pure Islamic rule.
Religious Extremism in Pakistan: Causes and SolutionsJawadAhmed202
This document discusses religious extremism in Pakistan. It identifies several causes that have led to the rise of religious extremism such as illiteracy, lack of law and order implementation, foreign disruptions, and a corrupt system. The consequences of religious extremism are identified as threats to peace, terrorism, and national disintegration. Solutions proposed include increasing education, properly implementing law and order, instituting checks and balances on religious institutions, controlling media messaging, and having religious scholars promote inclusive teachings. The document concludes by calling for unity and adherence to the true teachings of Islam.
Religion has historically united people but also caused conflict by dividing them into in-groups and out-groups. Over time, religions originally seen as unified have split into sects due to differing interpretations and political influences, fueling tensions. The document discusses how sectarianism arises from feelings of threatened religious identity and loyalty to one's own sect. It reviews literature analyzing the social and political dimensions of sectarianism historically within religions like Christianity, Islam, and African-American churches. Conflict theory is discussed as explaining how elites use religion to control the lower classes.
The West’s View on Islam/Muslims: Islamophobia?Amira Daghache
This research paper will take a deeper look at the West’s view of Islam and asks questions whether it’s all Islamophobia or something deeper. It details how it started, who’s encouraging it and why, who’s benefiting from it, how it’s viewed in other mediums, how it affected Muslims, who are the most prominent public figures fighting it and how it become different in recent years.
This document discusses possible topics related to religious extremism for an upcoming event. It provides brief biographies of several potential speakers with expertise in related areas such as cults, radical Islam, religious terrorism, and the intersection of religion, politics, and society. A wide range of subtopics are listed that cover various religious extremist groups, ideologies, behaviors, and the social and psychological factors involved. The document aims to identify knowledgeable individuals and topics that could help explore the complex and multifaceted issue of religious extremism from different perspectives.
Globalization has provided a context for the revival and resurgence of many religions worldwide. Modern technologies like the internet and air travel have allowed religious ideas and followers to spread across borders like never before. While some religious groups oppose globalization for threatening local cultures and beliefs, others see it as an opportunity to evangelize and expand their reach on a global scale. Religions have proven highly adaptable over time, both facilitating and adjusting to the forces of globalization.
The document discusses the growing trend of secularism in Australia and its effects on religion and religious rituals. Secularism is increasing due to the influences of science, multiculturalism, and commercialism. Traditional religious holidays like Easter and Christmas have become more secular and commercialized. Easter is now more about chocolate bunnies and eggs rather than the religious meaning of resurrection. Christmas is widely celebrated in Australia by people of all faiths and those with no religion, focusing more on family gatherings than religious significance. Overall secularism is changing the way Australians practice and experience religion.
PLEASE READ THIS CAREFULLY! DO NOT ASSUME; READ IT. Final Examinvelmakostizy
PLEASE READ THIS CAREFULLY! DO NOT ASSUME; READ IT.
Final Examination Project for Spring Semester, 2018
Your assignment is to review the reading and writing we have done this semester and to answer two basic questions.
1. As you look around the world today, which trends in world religion might lead toward the abuse of human rights?
2. As you look around the world today, which trends in world religion might lead toward greater respect for and improvement of universal human rights?
Another way of framing the question is to ask in world religion:
1. Who is abusing people’s human rights?
2. Who is working to stop these abuses?
Yet another way of framing the question is to ask:
1. How has religion been used in the past to abuse people’s human rights?
2. How should religion be used to improve human rights in the future?
You have a lot of flexibility in how you compose this final essay. What I am looking for is your ability to take what you have learned this semester and put it into words. I want you to tell me how and why religion gets used to limit the rights people should have, and how and why religion gets used to help people to enjoy better basic human rights.
This should take the form of a clear, well developed essay using proper rules for quotation and citation. Length should be between two and four pages double spaced.
To help compose this assignment, you should read the following text which was circulated earlier in the semester.
Supernatural vs. Natural Ways of Thinking
(See Chapter 1 in your Book)
The two key concepts we will discuss here are Rationalism and Supernaturalism. First though, let’s review a little bit of what we said earlier about the connection between religion and culture. We want to keep this connection in mind the whole time we study world religions.
Each religion has physical/cultural exterior and a metaphysical/spiritual interior. If you visit a church, mosque, synagogue or temple, you will find that most of the people spend most of their time and effort dealing with the physical/cultural exterior, or the surface of whatever is going on. There will always be some people who will wish to explore and experience their religion on a deeper level. These are the folks who will participate in more of the special events that are held. These are the people who are looking to grow in faith and to delve deeper into the spiritual interior of their beliefs. Often these are the people who wish to challenge the status quo and to reach out to people who would be traditionally excluded from their culture group. One of the funny things about organized religion is that the spiritual interior of the faith often teaches us to let go of our attachments to the cultural exterior. This is why prophets are seldom welcome among their own people. (See Mark 6:4) Prophets call people to let go of their attachments to the cultural status quo and so they usually get in trouble with the authoritie ...
This document discusses religion in a global context and covers three learning objectives:
1) The role of religion in economic development.
2) Explanations of religious fundamentalism.
3) The role of religion in international conflict.
It analyzes theories of religious fundamentalism in response to globalization from scholars like Giddens, Bauman, and Castells. Fundamentalism is contrasted with cosmopolitanism. Examples of religion providing cultural defense in Poland and Iran are discussed. The document also considers Huntington's theory of a clash of civilizations and criticisms of this perspective. Finally, it explores the relationship between religion and economic development in India in the context of globalization.
A superstitious religion in modern times, the new age. englishHarunyahyaEnglish
1) The New Age movement emerged from 1960s counterculture as young people rebelled against traditional institutions and embraced Eastern religious beliefs. 2) It combines elements of Eastern religions like Hinduism and Buddhism with Western occult ideas like magic, astrology, and channeling spirits. 3) The movement aims to turn people away from organized religion and belief in God, instead promoting spiritual beliefs outside any formal doctrine.
This document provides an overview of religion from several perspectives:
1. It defines religion and key religious concepts like sacred, profane, faith, and ritual.
2. It outlines three sociological approaches to analyzing religion: structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism, and social conflict theory.
3. It discusses several world religions - Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism - and compares religious practices between Eastern and Western traditions.
Secularism aims to reduce the role of religion in public life and policy. It promotes separating government institutions from religious institutions. The key aspects of secularism discussed in the document are:
- Reducing the role of religion in morality and education by basing them on facts and science instead.
- Removing religion from the political domain and basing sovereignty on the will of the people rather than God.
- Changing economies to interest-based systems, using paper money controlled globally.
- Challenging traditional social systems through spreading liberal and secular ideologies through soft power tools like popular culture and eclecticism.
The document discusses several topics related to religion including:
1. It discusses the destruction of the Bamiyan Buddhas in Afghanistan by the Taliban in 2001 and their denial of selling religious artifacts.
2. It presents arguments for why world history students should study world religions, including that global integration has challenged traditions and accelerated changes with consequences for people worldwide.
3. It provides an outline for a class mission statement about the importance of studying world religions.
ReligionThe Power of SocietyCan a person’s.docxaudeleypearl
Religion
The Power of Society
Can a person’s religious affiliation (or lack of it) give us any clues about that person’s attitudes on family life?
In a recent survey of U.S adults (a survey that was limited to white people, to control for race), 90 percent of those who described themselves as evangelical Protestants also said they had “old-fashioned” values about family and marriage. The share of self-described Catholics or mainline Protestants who said the same was lower.And less than half of those who claimed to have no religious affiliation shared these traditional values.Clearly, people’s values—whether “old-fashioned” or progressive—are not just a matter of personal choice; they also reflect people’s social background, including their religious affiliation.
*
Religion: Concepts and Theories
LO 19.1 Apply sociology’s major theories to religion.
*
Religion: Concepts and Theories: What Is…?
LO 19.1 Apply sociology’s major theories to religion.
*
Religion and SociologyFaithBelief-based conviction rather than scientific evidence
Although rituals take countless forms, all religion deals with what surpasses ordinary or everyday understanding. In Venezuela, “devil dancers” take part in the annual Corpus Christi Day celebration.
*
Religion and Sociology
*
Functions of Religion: Structural-Functional TheoryReligion has 3 major functions (Durkheim)Establishing social cohesionPromoting social controlProviding meaning and purpose
Religion is founded on the concept of the sacred—aspects of our existence that are set apart as extraordinary and demand our submission.
Totem–An object in the natural world collectively defined as sacredAccording to Durkheim (1965, orig. 1915), society has a life and power of its own beyond the life of any individual.In other words, society itself is godlike, shaping the lives of its members and living on beyond them.Bowing, kneeling, or prostrating oneself are all ways of symbolically surrendering to a higher powerThese Filipino Christians seek atonement for their sins in an annual Lenten ritual.
*
Functions of Religion: Structural-Functional Theory
Constructing the Sacred: Symbolic-Interaction Theory
*
Constructing the Sacred: Symbolic-Interaction Analysis
*
Inequality and Religion: Social-Conflict Theory
*
Gender and Religion: Feminist TheoryPatriarchal structure of major religions linked gender and social inequality to religion.
Patriarchy is a characteristic of all the world’s major religions, including Christianity, Judaism, and Islam.
Male dominance can be seen in restrictions that limit religious leadership to men and women from worshiping alongside men.
Social-Conflict and Feminist Theories
Applying Theory
Religion and Social Change
LO 19.2 Analyze how religion encourages social change.
*
Types of Religious Organizations
LO 19.3 Distinguish among church, sect, and cult.
Church—Sect Continuum
Churches and sects are two opposing ideal types ...
The document discusses secularism in India and its inclusion in the Indian constitution. It notes that secularism cannot have a precise definition in India's multicultural context. India formally adopted secularism as a constitutional objective in 1976 through an amendment. The amendment also aimed to make other changes related to fundamental rights and directive principles. However, the law minister at the time argued that concepts like secularism and socialism are difficult to define precisely. While definitions may vary between countries, there is consensus on how these concepts are practiced in India based on the constitution. The key purpose of adding secularism to the preamble was to establish it as a fundamental feature of the Indian constitution.
Fundamentalism emerges in response to crises and the perceived threats of modernity. It develops from feelings of fear, alienation, and a desire for certainty in a changing world. Fundamentalists perceive their secular opponents as satanic forces threatening to destroy religion and society. While often angry and intolerant, fundamentalist movements also aim to recreate lost traditions and communal identities in modern societies. They are motivated by widespread concerns over issues like materialism, urbanization, and the breakdown of traditional social structures.
The God of Second chances =.ppt (Spanish and English)Erwin Sicher
The text highlights the importance and value of second chances given in life. It encourages individuals to make conscious and wise choices, reinforcing the importance of choosing righteousness, good, and truth over the opposite. It epitomizes life as an ongoing journey filled with opportunities for learning and growth. The narrative emphasizes critical decision making, moral correctness, and ceaseless self-improvement in our pursuit of a better life.
The world belongs to the sick, the blind, the itchy and the lumpy.Erwin Sicher
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
4th of July GOD BLESS AMERICA AND OUR NEIGHBORS TOO !Erwin Sicher
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
For now we see only Reflections as in a MirrorErwin Sicher
For now we see only a reflection as in a mirror; then we shall see face to face. Now I know in part; then I shall know fully, even as I am fully known. 1 Corinthians 13:12 NIV
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Martin Luther, Man of God - a Man NeverthelessErwin Sicher
Martin Luther was born in 1483 in Eisleben, Germany. He studied theology and philosophy at the University of Erfurt. In 1505, he joined the Order of Hermits of Saint Augustine in Erfurt. He was ordained as a priest in 1507.
In 1517, Luther wrote his 95 Theses criticizing the Catholic Church's practice of selling indulgences. This sparked the Protestant Reformation. In 1521, he was excommunicated by Pope Leo X. At the Diet of Worms, he refused to recant his writings. He was declared an outlaw and went into hiding at Wartburg Castle.
During this time, Luther translated the New Testament
This document discusses the global issues of human trafficking, modern slavery, and mass migration of refugees. It notes that there are over 27 million slaves worldwide today, more than at any point in history. Several statistics are provided on the scale of human trafficking and profits generated. The document also examines the large increases in international migrants and refugees in recent years, citing figures from the UN. Challenges facing countries that are receiving large numbers of migrants are explored.
- One-fifth of the Gospel accounts are devoted to Jesus' healing ministry, with over 700 verses relating to healing physical/mental illness and resurrection. Jesus healed many people of various diseases and illnesses.
- Adventist health institutions trace their origins to Ellen White's counsel about health reform being the "right arm" of gospel proclamation. Today the Adventist church operates over 170 hospitals and healthcare facilities worldwide.
- Leading causes of death in the US are heart disease, cancer, chronic lower respiratory diseases, stroke, accidents, and diabetes. Chronic conditions among elderly Americans often include cardiovascular disease, adult-onset diabetes, arthritis, and various neurological disorders.
The Hope of Salvation - Jude 1:24-25 - MessageCole Hartman
Jude gives us hope at the end of a dark letter. In a dark world like today, we need the light of Christ to shine brighter and brighter. Jude shows us where to fix our focus so we can be filled with God's goodness and glory. Join us to explore this incredible passage.
A375 Example Taste the taste of the Lord, the taste of the Lord The taste of...franktsao4
It seems that current missionary work requires spending a lot of money, preparing a lot of materials, and traveling to far away places, so that it feels like missionary work. But what was the result they brought back? It's just a lot of photos of activities, fun eating, drinking and some playing games. And then we have to do the same thing next year, never ending. The church once mentioned that a certain missionary would go to the field where she used to work before the end of his life. It seemed that if she had not gone, no one would be willing to go. The reason why these missionary work is so difficult is that no one obeys God’s words, and the Bible is not the main content during missionary work, because in the eyes of those who do not obey God’s words, the Bible is just words and cannot be connected with life, so Reading out God's words is boring because it doesn't have any life experience, so it cannot be connected with human life. I will give a few examples in the hope that this situation can be changed. A375
The Book of Ruth is included in the third division, or the Writings, of the Hebrew Bible. In most Christian canons it is treated as one of the historical books and placed between Judges and 1 Samuel.
Why is this So? ~ Do Seek to KNOW (English & Chinese).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma teaching of Kamma-Vipaka (Intentional Actions-Ripening Effects).
A Presentation for developing morality, concentration and wisdom and to spur us to practice the Dhamma diligently.
The texts are in English and Chinese.
The forces involved in this witchcraft spell will re-establish the loving bond between you and help to build a strong, loving relationship from which to start anew. Despite any previous hardships or problems, the spell work will re-establish the strong bonds of friendship and love upon which the marriage and relationship originated. Have faith, these stop divorce and stop separation spells are extremely powerful and will reconnect you and your partner in a strong and harmonious relationship.
My ritual will not only stop separation and divorce, but rebuild a strong bond between you and your partner that is based on truth, honesty, and unconditional love. For an even stronger effect, you may want to consider using the Eternal Love Bond spell to ensure your relationship and love will last through all tests of time. If you have not yet determined if your partner is considering separation or divorce, but are aware of rifts in the relationship, try the Love Spells to remove problems in a relationship or marriage. Keep in mind that all my love spells are 100% customized and that you'll only need 1 spell to address all problems/wishes.
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The Enchantment and Shadows_ Unveiling the Mysteries of Magic and Black Magic...Phoenix O
This manual will guide you through basic skills and tasks to help you get started with various aspects of Magic. Each section is designed to be easy to follow, with step-by-step instructions.
A Free eBook ~ Valuable LIFE Lessons to Learn ( 5 Sets of Presentations)...OH TEIK BIN
A free eBook comprising 5 sets of PowerPoint presentations of meaningful stories /Inspirational pieces that teach important Dhamma/Life lessons. For reflection and practice to develop the mind to grow in love, compassion and wisdom. The texts are in English and Chinese.
My other free eBooks can be obtained from the following Links:
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Sanatan Vastu | Experience Great Living | Vastu ExpertSanatan Vastu
Santan Vastu Provides Vedic astrology courses & Vastu remedies, If you are searching Vastu for home, Vastu for kitchen, Vastu for house, Vastu for Office & Factory. Best Vastu in Bahadurgarh. Best Vastu in Delhi NCR
3. Whoever Is Not
Against Us Is for Us
49
“Master,” said
John, “we saw
someone driving
out demons in your
name and we tried
to stop him,
because he is not
one of us.”
50
“Do not stop
him,” Jesus said,
“for whoever is
not against you is
for you.”
Luke 9:49-50
(NIV)
4. The e-mail Title:
Pope Francis Declares That Christian Fundamentalism ‘Is A
Sickness’
What does the Pope really say:
“Fundamentalism is a sickness that is in all
religions,”
“We Catholics have some — and not some, many — who believe in
the absolute truth and go ahead dirtying the other with calumny, with
disinformation, and doing evil.”
“They do evil,” “I say this because it is my church.”
“We have to combat it,” he said. “Religious fundamentalism is not
religious, because it lacks God. It is idolatry, like the idolatry of money.”E-mail information drawn from this site: https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/pope-francis-attacks-
fundamentalist-catholics-dismisses-condom-ban-as-unimp
I received this e-mail last week and it is circulating in our ranks
5. Fundamentalism – a response to:
Liberalism in many Pulpits and Seminaries
Higher Biblical Criticism
The developments in Science and
particularly the teaching of Evolution
The advance of Secularism
The rapid Societal Changes
They insisted on the
conversion experience through faith in Jesus Christ alone,
the reliability of the Bible in matters of science and
history as well as theology
the imminent physical return of Christ to the earth
Christ would establish a millennial reign of peace and
righteousness on earth
Reuben Torrey (ed)The Fundamentals (1910-1915).
6.
7.
8. A high point in the Fundamentalist-Modernist Conflict
was the trial of John Scopes for teaching evolution in a public
school in Dayton, Tennessee
Scopes
C.Darrow
Darrow Bryan
http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=l5Kdc0LLSW8&feature=fvwp
9. By the end of the 1920s,
fundamentalism in America had lost
influence. It was Humiliated by the
Scopes "monkey trial,“ it retreated
from public view and seemed
doomed to disapear.
Yet, fundamentalism survived,
reemerged as a thriving and
influential movement.
Today it is impossible to read a
newspaper or watch TV without being
aware of fundamentalism in American
society and politics.
10. One of the great surprises today is
the reawakening of a
militant Fundamentalism
within every major
religious tradition
12. This reemergence ofThis reemergence of
Fundamentalism has been a realFundamentalism has been a real
surprise. As the last centurysurprise. As the last century
wound down it was believed thatwound down it was believed that
secularism would triumph.secularism would triumph.
Then, toward the end of the 20Then, toward the end of the 20thth
century, fundamentalists begancentury, fundamentalists began
to strongly oppose the secularistto strongly oppose the secularist
trend and started to bringtrend and started to bring
religion back into the publicreligion back into the public
square.square.
13. Jon Krakauer “The Fundamentalist Religious Views That Inspired Ammon Bundy
and His Militia to Occupy a Remote Federal Facility in Oregon”
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jon-krakauer/fundamentalist-religious-ammon-bundy-militia-oregon_b_8931762.html
Militant FundamentalismMilitant Fundamentalism
manifested itself sometimes inmanifested itself sometimes in
some shocking manifestations. Insome shocking manifestations. In
some instances fundamentalistssome instances fundamentalists
have:have:
Shot worshippers in a mosqueShot worshippers in a mosque
Killed doctors and nurses whoKilled doctors and nurses who
performed abortionsperformed abortions
Islamist fanatics shootings in
San Bernardino, California
killing 14 people
14. Important to RememberImportant to Remember
Only a very small minorityOnly a very small minority
of fundamentalistsof fundamentalists
commit acts of terrorcommit acts of terror,,
yet may fundamentalistsyet may fundamentalists
do oppose strongly manydo oppose strongly many
of the positive values ofof the positive values of
modern society.modern society.
http://www.interspirit.net/alliance/religion.cfm
15. Importance of UnderstandingImportance of Understanding
Fundamentalism in Modern WorldFundamentalism in Modern World
Fundamentalism has become an essential partFundamentalism has become an essential part
of the modern world and increasingly plays aof the modern world and increasingly plays a
role in domestic and international affairs:role in domestic and international affairs:
What is the meaning ofWhat is the meaning of
FundamentalismFundamentalism
Why did it developedWhy did it developed
What can it tell us about theWhat can it tell us about the
different religions and culturesdifferent religions and cultures
How we should relate to it.How we should relate to it.
19. A literal approach to the interpretation of the Qur’an
Believe that Islam has been corrupted by the modern world
Want to return to the way people practiced Islam in more
“pure times”
No separation between religious and secular authority –
the state should implement Shariah law
Innovation is to be avoided
Belief in revolution to affect social change
Education of women should be banned – strict role for women
The use of modern technology within the Islamic state should be
banned or censored – radio, tv, internet, etc
Jihad is to be waged to “remove the obstacles to the religion of
God”
Jihad is a religious war with those who are” unbelievers in the
mission of the Prophet Muhammad”
20.
21.
22. Orissa: terror on Christmas Day as
fundamentalists kill three people, set 13
Churches on fire,
Asia News, 12/26/2007
“Hindu fundamentalism” in India has been influenced more by nationalism than by religion, in part because
Hinduism does not have a specific sacred text to which conformity can be demanded. The focus is on
Hinduvta ("Hinduness") . Hindus alone constitute the Indian nation as they are the original inhabitants of this
land and have created this society and its culture.
Stop , conversions, or soon
Hindus will be a minority in
India," said Ashok Singhal,
leader (VHP), a fundamentalist
group. Attack non-Hindus
23. In Sri Lanka, where about 70 percent of the
population is Theravada Buddhist, a group of
monks formed the Bodu Bala Sena or the Buddhist
Power Force in 2012 to “protect” the country’s
Buddhist culture. They carried out at least 241
attacks against Muslims and 61 attacks against
Christians in 2013, according to the Sri Lanka
Muslim Congress.
24. Reactionary
Reacting to aspects of modernism that is a danger to their beliefs. They object to
those aspects of social change that they are against, such as
racial equality, women's rights, scientific progress and social movements that
are consequences of modernism.
Exclusive
Fundamentalists believe that they alone have access to objective truth and
absolute morality
Absolutist
Absolutist stance against what they consider to be the dangers of relativism. They
believe they have special access to objective truth, doubt is considered to be a
weakness. If fundamentalists consider something immoral, it remains immoral
regardless of societal context.
Life by the Book - Literalist
The sources of their tradition is taken as literal truths, especially when it fits an
agenda that is in opposition to the world. No room for interpretations
Going Back to “The Good Old Days” - Return to Previous Ideal – a
Mythical Past
http://www.ehow.com/info_8760738_10-characteristics-religious-fundamentalism.html
25. Selective
Religious fundamentalists tend to tailor their beliefs in order to fit well with their
reactive worldview.
Authoritarian
Strong institutional and charismatic leadership is a hallmark of religious
fundamentalist organizations.
With-or-Against
Being completely in the group or set apart from it as an enemy.
Strict Morality
Members of fundamentalist groups must conform to strict moral boundaries,
which may include dressing modestly, not smoking or drinking, a refusal to
read certain literature or listen to particular music
End-time Certainty
Certainty regarding the future of the world, which usually is based upon prophetic
revelation that includes an apocalyptic end, judgment of unbelievers, and their own
final vindication in the world to come.
http://www.ehow.com/info_8760738_10-characteristics-religious-fundamentalism.html
26. Reactionary
Reacting to aspects of modernism that is a
danger to their beliefs. They object to those
aspects of social change that they are against,
such as
Fundamentalists rejectFundamentalists reject
many Modern Values:many Modern Values:
DemocracyDemocracy
PluralismPluralism
Religious tolerationReligious toleration
Free speechFree speech
Separation of churchSeparation of church
and stateand state
Some Scientific advancesSome Scientific advances
Woman’s equalityWoman’s equality
social movements that are
consequences of modernism
"In winning a nation to the
gospel, the sword as well
as the pen must be used."
"Democracy is a heresy against God!”
-R.J. Rushdooney, Director of the
Rutherford Institute,
architect of "Christian
Reconstructionism.”
Clash between Islam
and Modernity
Fundamentalist
revolt against the
modern age
27. Exclusive
Fundamentalists believe that they alone
have access to objective truth and
absolute morality
Absolutist
Absolutist stance against what they consider to be the
dangers of relativism. They believe they have special
access to objective truth, doubt is considered to be a
weakness. If fundamentalists consider something immoral,
it remains immoral regardless of societal context.
The Bible (Koran, Torah) is absolutely true and without error
in all that it affirms; theologically, historically, and
cosmologically. All other religions are false and their
disagreeing teachings are inspired by the devil.
“Fundamentalism is a sickness that exists in all religions. We Catholics have some, not
just some, so many, who believe they have the absolute truth and they move forward
with calumnies, with defamation and they hurt (people), they hurt.” Pope Francis
http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/full-text-of-popes-in-flight-interview-from-africa-to-rome-48855/
28. Life by the Inerrant Books -
Selective Literalist
The sources of their tradition is taken
as literal truths, especially when it fits
an agenda that is in opposition to the
world. No room for interpretations.
29. Going Back to “The Good Old Days” –
Return to Previous Ideal (No closer to God in the “Golden Age)
“…even if the Christian Right gained all
the political power it covets, America
would be no more closer to God than it
was in the "Golden Age" of a few hundred
years back, when "Christian America" was
butchering Native Americans and
enslaving millions of Africans.
http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/the-myth-of-a-christian-nation
“Religious fundamentalism in actual fact
seeks to impose a new hegemonic
order. In order to assist this project, it
invokes mythical memories of a perfect age
where religious principles were followed to
the book and all was well with the world; it
relies on the constant creation of a set of
enemies who were/are responsible for all
that went wrong with this perfect world.”
https://www.citelighter.com/philosophy/philosophy/knowledgecards/
religious-fundamentalism
30. Warren Jeffs
Al-Zawahiri
Authoritarian
Strong institutional and
charismatic leadership is a
hallmark of religious
fundamentalist
organizations.
Myanmar’s Buddhist monk
Ashin Wirathu the leader
of 969, a fundamentalist
movement, to
Protect Buddhism John Hagee
Al-Baghdadi
31. With-or-Against. Dualism
Being completely in the group or set apart from it as an enemy.
The Fundamentalists divide the world into clear-cut binary categories of
good/evil, right/wrong, us/them. They are suspicious and angry at those
on the wrong side of the divide.
Islamic Fundamentalism:
The world is divided into two
spheres, Dar al-Islam ("the
home of Islam”) and Dar al-Harb
("house of war”). denizens are
either to be converted, killed.
Dualism
32. Strict Morality
Members of fundamentalist groups must
conform to strict moral boundaries, which
may include dressing modestly, not smoking
or drinking, a refusal to read certain
literature or listen to particular music
http://www.ehow.com/info_8760738_10-characteristics-religious-fundamentalism.html
33. Billy Sunday, Charles Fuller, Billy Graham, and others
believed Armageddon was nigh, these preachers used
what little time was left to warn of the coming
Antichrist, save souls, and prepare the nation for
God’s final judgment. Apocalyptic thinking continues
to exert enormous influence over the American
mainstream today and conservative Politics
End-time Certainty
Certainty regarding the future of the world, which usually is based upon
prophetic revelation that includes an apocalyptic end, judgment of
unbelievers, and their own final vindication in the world to come.
34. Some fundamentalist Christians believe when Israel
occupies all Greater Palestine and the Jews have
rebuilt the temple, Christ will come again.
Some fundamentalist Jews believe when they rebuild
the Temple the Messiah will come.
Some Palestinians say if anyone destroys the two
Islamic Shrines on the Temple mount they will start
WWIII.
All three of these scenarios play straight into fundamentalist
beliefs and they are working hard to make them happen. They
may be successful. Each believing it is by the "will of God".
Prominent American fundamentalists
provide hard-line support for Israel while
looking forward to the apocalypse.
Messianic fervor has driven some Israeli
settlers to oppose peace.
And the Islamic apocalyptic visions casts
Israel's actions in Jerusalem as diabolic
plots.
The End of Days shows how conflict
over Jerusalem and the fiery belief in
apocalypse continue to have a
potent impact on world politics and
why a lasting peace in the Middle
East continues to prove elusive.
End-time Certainty
36. Clifford Goldstein:
“I warned that much of the evangelical obsession and support of the
Jewish nation was based on an eschatology that, among other things,
predicted the death of millions of Jews, with those who survived
converting to Christianity (deemed by many Jews as a fate worse than death!). “
http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/the-myth-of-a-christian-nation
End-time Certainty
38. The fundamentalist mind-set is finally unacceptable to a child of
God who is created in His image as a free moral agent and
committed to the teachings of Jesus. There is in fundamentalism
a built-in resistance to freedom, to learning, and to creativity
that opposes itself to the God who gave us all these gifts.
Fundamentalism wherever found—in Tel Aviv, Tajikistan, or Toledo—
reveals its taste for bigotry, for fanaticism, for rigidity and
exclusiveness at a moment when the world is crying out for bridge builders
and peacemakers. It revels in control—doctrinally, politically, even in the
family—and justifies its refusal to dialogue and learn by its suspicions of
other opinions and other faiths. While seeking to preserve the truth about
God, fundamentalism ultimately gives a terribly distorted view of His
character and His attitudes.
While we may share some of its concerns, and also look forward to the day when all
things are restored to God’s design, Adventists will relate to fundamentalism as they do to
every other human “ism.” In the name of Him who died to set us free, we will build up the
kingdom in His way.
http://archives.adventistreview.org/article/795/archives/issue-2006-1530/the-appeal-and-peril-of-fundamentalism
39. Neither Relativism nor Fundamentalism
offers a basis for reasoned discourse on
moral choices. We need a revitalized
“protestant” middle way.
40. Romans 14:1-23
"Receive one who is weak in the faith, but not to
disputes over doubtful things. For one believes he may
eat all things, but he who is weak eats only vegetables.
Let not him who eats despise him who does not eat,
and let not him who does not eat judge him who eats;
for God has received him...One person esteems one
day above another; another esteems every day alike.
Let each be fully convinced in his own mind...But
why do you judge your brother? Or why do you
show contempt for your brother? For we shall all stand
before the judgment seat of Christ...Therefore let us not
judge one another anymore, but rather resolve this, not
to put a stumbling block or a cause to fall in our
brother's way." (NKJ)