Embryologie van het urogenitale stelsel

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Hoe ontwikkelen blaas en nieren zich? De prostaat? De geslachtsorganen? Kennis hierover maakt het des te begrijpelijker hoe ontwikkeling ook fout kan lopen en kan leiden tot ziektebeelden die we tot op hoge leeftijd kunnen tegenkomen!

Health & Medicine

EMBRYONALE ONTWIKKELING UROGENITALE STELSEL
MR van Balken

scrotuminhoud
Wilms’ Tumor 1 gene
Dosage-sensitive sex
reversal, Adrenal
hypoplasia critical
region, on chromosome
X, gene 1)
Sex-determining Region
on the Y chromosome
Deleted in AZoospermia
Testis Specific Protein Y-Linked 1
Splicing Factor 1
Sry-bOX Transcription
Factor 9

prostaat
Wilms’ Tumor 1 gene
Dosage-sensitive sex
reversal, Adrenal
hypoplasia critical
region, on chromosome
X, gene 1)
Sex-determining Region
on the Y chromosome
Deleted in AZoospermia
Testis Specific Protein Y-Linked 1
Splicing Factor 1
Sry-bOX Transcription
Factor 9

genitalia externa
Wilms’ Tumor 1 gene
Dosage-sensitive sex
reversal, Adrenal
hypoplasia critical
region, on chromosome
X, gene 1)
Sex-determining Region
on the Y chromosome
Deleted in AZoospermia
Testis Specific Protein Y-Linked 1
Splicing Factor 1
Sry-bOX Transcription
Factor 9

Sex determination refers to the natural process by which an individual becomes male or female. In humans and most mammals, sex is genetically determined at fertilization by the XY sex determination system, where females have two X chromosomes and males have one X and one Y chromosome. The SRY gene on the Y chromosome triggers testes development, making the individual male. In females without a Y chromosome, ovaries develop. To compensate for differences in X chromosome dosage between males and females, one of the two X chromosomes is randomly inactivated in females.

Sex determination and nondisjunction

Bruno Mmassy

Sex determination in humans and many other mammals is genetic, with the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determining maleness or femaleness. The SRY gene on the Y chromosome causes embryonic gonads to develop into testes rather than ovaries. In birds and some fish, the ZW sex determination system is used instead of XY, with females being ZW and males ZZ. Genes located on the sex chromosomes are called sex-linked genes and can be inherited in sex-specific patterns. Nondisjunction of sex chromosomes during meiosis can sometimes result in individuals with abnormal sex chromosome complements.

SEX DETERMINATION & LINKAGE.pptx

AbhishekSingh248678

1. Sex determination can occur through chromosomal or environmental mechanisms in animals and plants. In humans and many other species, sex is determined by an XX/XY chromosomal system. 2. Dosage compensation addresses the difference in gene dosage between sexes. In mammals like humans, one X chromosome is inactivated in females. In Drosophila, the single X chromosome is hyperactivated in males. 3. Sex-linked traits are associated with and inherited through the sex chromosomes. In humans, traits located on the X chromosome show sex-linked inheritance patterns.

sex determination

Dr. PRABHAT KUMAR SINGH

This document discusses various mechanisms of sex determination in plants, including environmental, chromosomal, and genic mechanisms. It also describes sex-linked, sex-influenced, and sex-limited traits in inheritance. For chromosomal sex determination, species can have homomorphic or heteromorphic sex chromosomes, with mechanisms involving one or more sex chromosomes. Genic sex determination can be influenced by single or multiple genes. Sex-linked traits are inherited differently between sexes due to genes located on sex chromosomes. Sex-influenced and sex-limited traits also show differences in expression or effects between sexes.

Human y chromosome

137156

The human Y chromosome is much smaller than the X chromosome, containing only about 58 million base pairs and 86 genes compared to the X chromosome's 1,500 genes. Over time, most of the Y chromosome has stopped recombining with the X during meiosis, leaving only small regions at the ends that still recombine. As a result, the Y chromosome has lost over 1,300 genes and is degrading, with the potential to lose all function in 10 million years if the rate of gene loss continues. The small size and inability to recombine makes the Y chromosome highly prone to accumulating mutations and "junk DNA" with no way to remove harmful sequences.

Intersexuality

jhardesty

The document discusses intersexuality and sexual differentiation. It defines key terms like sex, gender, sexual identity and discusses normal sexual differentiation in humans. Intersex is defined as discordance between chromosomal, gonadal, genital or phenotypic sex. Causes of intersex include congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen exposure, gonadal dysgenesis and true hermaphroditism. Management of intersex infants involves medical evaluation, counseling, sex assignment and possible surgery. Intersex may also present in adolescence, requiring hormonal or surgical treatment depending on the condition. Proper long-term management is important to allow affected individuals to live happy and well-adjusted lives.

Intersexuality 100301195147-phpapp01

gursoyi

The document discusses intersexuality and sexual differentiation. It defines key terms like sex, gender, sexual identity and discusses normal sexual differentiation in humans. Intersex is defined as discordance between chromosomal, gonadal, genital or phenotypic sex. Common types of intersex include virilization of genetic females, incomplete masculinization of genetic males, and true hermaphroditism. The document outlines evaluation, diagnosis, sex assignment and management of intersex conditions at birth and in adolescence.

Intersexuality

Hesham Gaber

The document discusses intersexuality and sexual differentiation. It defines the different levels of sex including chromosomal, gonadal, genital and hormonal sex. Normal sexual differentiation is described where XY fetuses develop testes and masculinize, while XX fetuses develop ovaries. Intersex conditions occur when there is discordance between levels of sex. They include virilization of genetic females, incomplete masculinization of genetic males, and true hermaphroditism. The most common cause of intersex is congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Management of intersex newborns involves medical evaluation and counseling, with the goal of assigning sex by 18 months of age based on surgical and medical potential.

Anormal Seksüel Gelişim - İntersexuality - www.jinekolojivegebelik.com

jinekolojivegebelik.com

The document discusses intersexuality and defines the different categories of sex and gender. It summarizes normal sex differentiation where genetic sex determines development of testes or ovaries which direct development of internal and external genitalia. Intersex conditions result from discordance between sex characteristics and are classified into virilization of genetic females, incomplete masculinization of genetic males, and those with both ovarian and testicular tissue. The most common cause of intersexuality in newborns is congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Careful medical evaluation and counseling of parents is needed to determine sex of rearing and any necessary surgery.

Amelogenin test abnormalities revealed in Belaruisan population during forens...

Alena Shyla

This document summarizes the results of a study that identified 11 cases of amelogenin abnormalities in Belarusian males during forensic DNA analysis over a 15-year period. Nine cases showed absence of the AMELY marker, while two cases showed absence of the AMELX marker. In four AMELY-negative cases, deletion of both AMELY and the DYS458 marker was identified, suggesting an interstitial deletion on the Yp11.2 region. Three cases were identified as SRY-positive XX male syndrome based on amelogenin and Y-STR results. Genetic mechanisms like deletions, inversions, and mutations help explain the amelogenin abnormalities observed in these Belarusian

Topic: "Sex-Linkage and Recombination"

AaronPaulPantojan

Sex linkage refers to traits whose expression is dependent on an individual's sex chromosomes. Thomas Morgan first discovered sex linkage in 1910 through an experiment with white-eyed male fruit flies. Sex linkage can occur through X-linked traits, which are located on the X chromosome, or Y-linked traits located on the Y chromosome. Examples of X-linked traits discussed are color blindness, hemophilia, and fragile X syndrome. An example of a Y-linked trait is hypertrichosis pinnae auris. Sex-influenced and sex-limited traits are also discussed.

DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

drankitguptamd

The document discusses normal sexual differentiation and disorders of sexual differentiation. It describes the process of normal sexual differentiation including chromosomal, gonadal, ductal, and genital differentiation. It also discusses several common disorders of sexual differentiation including congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen insensitivity syndrome, mixed gonadal dysgenesis, and others. Specific conditions discussed in more detail include Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome, XX maleness, and mixed gonadal dysgenesis.

Sexual Determination and Differentiation

MohammedMusslem

Sex is determined by chromosomal, gonadal, and phenotypic factors. Chromosomal sex is determined at fertilization by the presence of either two X chromosomes (female) or one X and one Y chromosome (male). Between 6-8 weeks of gestation, the undifferentiated gonads will develop into either ovaries or testes depending on the presence of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome. The development of testes or ovaries then leads to further anatomical changes through the secretion of hormones and regression or development of duct systems that result in either male or female phenotypic characteristics. Disorders of sex development can occur when there is a discrepancy between these factors.

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Embryologie van het urogenitale stelsel

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