The document discusses embedded system design processes and methodologies. It describes the typical steps in an embedded system design process as requirements specification, architecture design, component design, and system integration. It also outlines recent trends in embedded systems such as increased processor speed and reduced size and power consumption. Finally, it lists some major application areas for embedded systems like consumer electronics, industrial automation, biomedical systems, and telecommunications.

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HỆ THỐNG NHÚNG
Dr. Thanh Nguyen
Email: thanh.nguyenngoc@phenikaa-uni.edu.vn
Office: Room 606 - Building A4
Chapter 6: Embedded System Design Process

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Content
▪ Design methodologies
▪ Embedded system design process
▪ Discuss the recent trends.
▪ Major application areas.

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Design Methodologies
Design Methodologies
▪ It is a procedure for designing a system.
▪ Keep a scorecard on a design to ensure that we have done everything
we need to do
▪ Develop computer-aided design tools
▪ Makes it much easier for members of a design team to communicate

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Design Methodologies
Embedded System Design Process
▪ Top-down design:
▪ start from most abstract description.
▪ work to most detailed.
▪ Bottom-up design:
▪ work from small components to big system
Requirements
Specification
Architecture
Component
design
System
integration

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Design Methodologies
Major Goals of the Design
✓ Manufacturing Cost.
✓ Performance Speed.
✓ Power Consumption.
At each Step in the design,
▪ Analyze, Refine, & Verify
Requirements
Specification
Architecture
Component
design
System
integration

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Design Methodologies
Design Process
Determine the
requirements
Design the system
architecture
Select the OS
Choose the
Processor and
peripherals
Choose the
Development
platform
Code the
application And
optimize
Verify the software
On the host system
Verify the software
On the target
system

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Design Methodologies
Requirements
▪ Before we design a system, we must know
what product we are designing.
▪ Plain language description of what the user
wants and expects to get.
▪ May be developed in several ways:
✓ Discuss directly to customers.
✓ Discuss to marketing representatives.
✓ Provide prototypes to users for comment.

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Design Methodologies
Requirements
▪ Functional requirements:
✓ output as a function of input.
▪ Non-functional requirements:
✓ Performance - time required
✓ size, weight, etc.
✓ power consumption
✓ reliability
✓ etc..

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Design Methodologies
Specification
▪ It serves as the contract between the customer and the architects. As such, the
specification must be carefully written so that it accurately reflects the
customer’s requirements and does so in a way that can be clearly followed during
design.
▪ The specification should be understandable enough so that someone can verify
that it meets system requirements and overall expectations of the customer.

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Design Methodologies
Architecture design
▪ Architecture is the plan for the overall structure of the system that will be used
later to design the components that make up the architecture.
▪ Architecture design must give an idea about
✓ What major components need for satisfying the specification?
✓ What hardware components need? like CPUs, peripherals, etc.
✓ What Software components need?
✓ Must take into account functional and non-functional specifications..

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Designing hardware and software
Architecture design
▪ The component design effort builds those components to satisfy architecture and
specification.
▪ The components will in general include both hardware - FPGAs, boards and
software modules.
▪ Some components are ready-made, some can be modified from existing designs,
others must be designed from scratch (that is new design).

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System Integration
▪ System integration is Putting together the components.
✓ Many bugs appear only at this stage.
▪ Bugs are typically found during system integration, and good planning can help us
find the bugs quickly.
▪ System integration is difficult because it usually uncovers problems. It is often
hard to observe in the system, to determine exactly what is wrong - the
debugging facilities for embedded systems are usually much more limited than
what you.
▪ Inserting appropriate debugging facilities during design can help ease system
integration problems would find on desktop systems.

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Recent Trends
▪ Due to the developments in Micro electronics availability of processors increased.
✓ Reduces cost
✓ Increased speed
✓ Reduce Size
✓ Reduce Power

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Recent Trends
✓ Pressure Sensors
✓ Flow Sensors
✓ Ultrasonic Sensors
✓ RF Tx / Rx
✓ Zigbee Modules
✓ EM Locks
✓ Vacuum sensors
✓ Digital Compass
✓ Fire Sensor
✓ Temperature Sensor
✓ Speed sensors
✓ Level sensors
✓ Industrial proximity sensor
✓ Vibration sensor
✓ Water Identifier Sensors
✓ Acceleration Sensor - 3 Axis
✓ Glass braking sensor
Modules & industrial standard sensors

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Recent Trends
✓ Accelerometer
✓ Liquid / Moisture Sensor
✓ GSM / GPRS Modems
✓ Sound Detecting Sensor
✓ PIR Sensor
✓ Gas Sensor
✓ CO2 Analyzer
✓ GPS Receiver
✓ Voice IC
✓ Digital Pressure Sensor
✓ Digital Temperature Sensor
✓ Bump Sensor (Touch Sensor)
✓ DC Motor
✓ AC Motor
✓ Servo Motor
✓ Stepper Motor
✓ Beam Sensor
✓ Color Mark Sensor
✓ Metal Sensor
Modules & industrial standard sensors

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Application Areas
Consumer electronics

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Application Areas
Industrial Automation

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Application Areas
Biomedical Systems

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Application Areas
Telecommunication Systems

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Summary
▪ Design methodologies
▪ Embedded system design process
▪ Discuss the recent trends.
▪ Major application areas.