sgedg etgetest

1. ELEMENTSOF
FICTION

2. Elements of fiction:
I.PLOT
II.SETTING
III.CHARACTRS
IV.THEME

3. I. PLOT
Plot is the author’s arrangement of events in the
story. It has a beginning, middle and an end. More
specifically, the plot follows the Freytag
pyramid:

4. Narrative Stages
The narrative stages or stages of the plot are as
follows:
•
•
•
•
• Exposition: The start of the story, the situation before the
action starts
Rising Action: The series of conflicts and crisis in the
story that lead to the climax
Climax / Turning Point: The most intense moment –
either mentally or in action – the reader wonders what will
happen next; will the conflict be resolved or not?
Falling Action: The events and complications begin to
resolve themselves. (The events between the climax and
the resolution)
Denouement (Resolution): The conclusion, the
untangling of events in the story

5. Types of Plot
Events in a story can be presented in a variety of
orders:
• The chronological order: some stories begin
with what happens first, following the regular
time development of events to end.
• Some stories begin at the end then lead up to
why and how things developed as they did.
• Some stories begin in the middle of things.

6. Flashback
This is a technique in which the author
interrupts the plot of the story to tell an
incident of an earlier time (goes back in time;
like giving the reader a memory).

7. Foreshadowing
This is a writers’ technique in which the author
provides clues or hints as to what is going to
happen later in the story.

8. Resolution
Resolution is the ending
of the story
Happy ending
Tragic ending

9. Conflict
Conflict is the struggle between
two forces in a story. The plot
revolves around this conflict.
a. Man vs. Man
b. Human vs. Society
c. Human vs Nature
d. Human vs. Self

10. II. SETTING
The setting is the place and time of the story.
It also includes the circumstances of the story,
like the weather conditions, the social class,
etc.

11. III. CHARACTERS
The people (or
animals, things, etc.
.presented as people)
in a literary work

12. ROUND AND FLAT CHARACTERS
• Round Characters are complex
convincing, and true to life characters. They
are described in more detail, having many
different and sometimes even contradictory
personality traits.
• Flat Characters are stereotyped, shallow,
and often symbolic. They have only one or
two personality traits

13. DYNAMIC AND STATIC CHARACTERS:
• Dynamic Characters undergo some type
of change or development in the story, often
because of something that happens to them.
• Static Characters do not change in the
course of the story.

15. IV.THEME
Theme is the central idea or central
message of the story. It usually contains
some insight into the human condition –
telling something about humans and life.