Clive Bates, speaker at E-Cigarette Summit London, discusses regulations surrounding electronic cigarettes. He points out that tight regulations could harm the e-cig industry and push people back to smoking tobacco. Visit: http://ecigarettereviewed.com/e-cigarette-summit-london-summary
E-Cigarette Summit Speaker: Clive BatesLindsay Fox
Regulation: when less is more
Slides from Clive Bates' presentation at the E-Cigarette Summit, London November 12, 2013.
Full summary of the E-Cigarette Summit: http://ecigarettereviewed.com/e-cigarette-summit-london-summary
Proposed Changes to How E-Cigarettes Are Regulated - Prof. Linda BauldLindsay Fox
Proposed changes to how e-cigarettes are regulated: UK and EU context
Slides from Prof. Linda Bauld's presentation at the E-Cigarette Summit, London November 12, 2013.
Full summary of the E-Cigarette Summit: http://ecigarettereviewed.com/e-cigarette-summit-london-summary
E-Cigarette Summit Speaker: Dr Lynne DawkinsLindsay Fox
Slides from Dr Lynne Dawkins' presentation at the E-Cigarette Summit, London November 12, 2013. Electronic Cigarettes: What are they, and are they effective?
Full summary of the E-Cigarette Summit: http://ecigarettereviewed.com/e-cigarette-summit-london-summary
Regulation: why less is more... E-cigarette Summit 12 November 2013 - Clive B...Clive Bates
My presentation covering why 'less is more' when it comes to regulating low risk alternatives to cigarettes such as e-cigarettes. Too much regulation will limit appeal, increase costs, raise barriers to entry and inhibit innovation. I also urge a focus on the huge potential benefits of low-risk alternatives to smoking instead of obsession over minor or implausible risks.
E-Cigarette Summit Speaker: Professor Robert WestLindsay Fox
Trends in electronic cigarette use in England
Slides from Prof Robert West's presentation at the E-Cigarette Summit, London November 12, 2013.
Full summary of the E-Cigarette Summit: http://ecigarettereviewed.com/e-cigarette-summit-london-summary
What is wrong (and right) about the Tobacco Products Directive approach to E-...Clive Bates
These are the visual aids for my talk on the truly dreadful European Union Tobacco Products Directive as it applies to e-cigarettes, and why Totally Wicked has a legal case against it.
Nicotina - Reducción de riesgos y daños / Nicotine - Risk and Harm ReductionClive Bates
Presentación en línea para el seminario de políticas en Colombia enfocado en políticas de vapeo y consecuencias no deseadas /
Presentation online for policy seminar in Colombia focussed on vaping policy and unintended consequences
E-Cigarette Summit Speaker: Clive BatesLindsay Fox
Regulation: when less is more
Slides from Clive Bates' presentation at the E-Cigarette Summit, London November 12, 2013.
Full summary of the E-Cigarette Summit: http://ecigarettereviewed.com/e-cigarette-summit-london-summary
Proposed Changes to How E-Cigarettes Are Regulated - Prof. Linda BauldLindsay Fox
Proposed changes to how e-cigarettes are regulated: UK and EU context
Slides from Prof. Linda Bauld's presentation at the E-Cigarette Summit, London November 12, 2013.
Full summary of the E-Cigarette Summit: http://ecigarettereviewed.com/e-cigarette-summit-london-summary
E-Cigarette Summit Speaker: Dr Lynne DawkinsLindsay Fox
Slides from Dr Lynne Dawkins' presentation at the E-Cigarette Summit, London November 12, 2013. Electronic Cigarettes: What are they, and are they effective?
Full summary of the E-Cigarette Summit: http://ecigarettereviewed.com/e-cigarette-summit-london-summary
Regulation: why less is more... E-cigarette Summit 12 November 2013 - Clive B...Clive Bates
My presentation covering why 'less is more' when it comes to regulating low risk alternatives to cigarettes such as e-cigarettes. Too much regulation will limit appeal, increase costs, raise barriers to entry and inhibit innovation. I also urge a focus on the huge potential benefits of low-risk alternatives to smoking instead of obsession over minor or implausible risks.
E-Cigarette Summit Speaker: Professor Robert WestLindsay Fox
Trends in electronic cigarette use in England
Slides from Prof Robert West's presentation at the E-Cigarette Summit, London November 12, 2013.
Full summary of the E-Cigarette Summit: http://ecigarettereviewed.com/e-cigarette-summit-london-summary
What is wrong (and right) about the Tobacco Products Directive approach to E-...Clive Bates
These are the visual aids for my talk on the truly dreadful European Union Tobacco Products Directive as it applies to e-cigarettes, and why Totally Wicked has a legal case against it.
Nicotina - Reducción de riesgos y daños / Nicotine - Risk and Harm ReductionClive Bates
Presentación en línea para el seminario de políticas en Colombia enfocado en políticas de vapeo y consecuencias no deseadas /
Presentation online for policy seminar in Colombia focussed on vaping policy and unintended consequences
E-cigarette marketing analysis based on European Lawmakers reject tight restrictions on e-cigarettes and the e-cigarette industry waiting to exhale by The New York Times.
Reduced nicotine rule: a terrible idea to be pursued relentlesslyClive Bates
This document summarizes arguments against reducing nicotine levels in cigarettes to zero. It claims that such a policy would be:
1) A prohibition that would lead to unpredictable consumer responses like importing black market cigarettes or switching to other tobacco products.
2) Based on little relevant research about how consumers would react.
3) Likely to have perverse public health consequences as consumers find alternative ways to get nicotine.
4) Not mandated or supported by existing tobacco control laws.
The document discusses the European Tobacco Products Directive. Some key points:
- The Directive provides stronger regulation of tobacco products, ingredients, additives, and disclosure requirements. It aims to improve public health protection across the EU.
- Products like cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, e-cigarettes, and novel products will be regulated. Ingredients giving flavors or health impressions will be restricted. Misleading packaging and labeling will be prohibited.
- Implementation and monitoring plans include collecting industry data, tracking products, and evaluating the Directive's public health impact over 5 years using cohort and survey studies across 6 EU member states.
FDLI - Lesson for the US from other jurisdictions - the United Kingdom -29 Oc...Clive Bates
Presentation on the most significant differences between US and UK/EU regulation of tobacco and vaping products. FDLI Tobacco and Nicotine Products Regulation and Policy Conference
This document describes the methodology used to examine the availability, accessibility, usage and regulatory environment of novel and emerging tobacco, nicotine, and related products in the EU. The study involved a two-stage evidence review, key informant interviews, and a stakeholder survey. In the first stage, the researchers developed a typology of products by comprehensively searching various information sources. This typology guided a second, more targeted evidence review. Key findings of the evidence review, interviews, and survey are presented in subsequent chapters, with conclusions and options for addressing regulatory gaps discussed in the final chapter. The overall aim was to inform a possible revision of the EU Tobacco Products Directive.
Slides on the current situation with global cigarette consumption and trends, and how new nicotine products could change things.
See blog at: http://www.clivebates.com/?p=2782 for more commentary.
Is nicotine reduction a viable policy for tobacco control? No, Definitely not...Clive Bates
My critique of the proposal that regulators should reduce the concentration of nicotine in cigarettes to a sub-addictive level - effectively a prohibition of cigarettes as we know them.
Presentation at SRNT 2017 in Florence, Italy on 8 March 2017.
This document analyzes ITC's marketing strategy in the Indian tobacco industry. It discusses ITC's large market share of 70% through its 14 cigarette brands. A SWOT analysis notes ITC's strengths in research and supply chain but also threats from increasing health concerns and excise duties. Porter's Five Forces analysis finds competitive rivalry is low due to ITC's dominance, though suppliers and buyers have some power. The document also examines consumer preferences, awareness channels, and positioning strategies as ITC aims to further penetrate the Indian market.
Vaping and tobacco: six things you need to know about harm reductionClive Bates
1. Smoking has not gone away
2. Technologies to obsolete cigarettes
3. Risks and risk (mis)perceptions
4. The public health mechanism and the pleasure principle
5. The youth vaping epidemic – a harder look
6. Policymaking and perverse consequences
Regulation of Tobacco Harm Reduction - GFN 2018 ScholarsClive Bates
Global Forum on Nicotine 2018 Scholars meeting on regulation discusses optimum regulation using 4 Ps of marketing framework to consider risk-proportionate regulation
India - Economic Times - Consumer Freedom Conclave - 24 Feb 2022Clive Bates
Tobacco harm reduction: the biggest public health win of the 21st Century?
1. Tobacco harm reduction
2. Risk communication
3. Policymaking
4. Cause of opposition
5. Innovation
Tobacco harm reduction - meetings with Hill staff Clive Bates
This document discusses efforts to reduce smoking and associated harms. It notes that while 36.5 million Americans smoke, consuming 264 billion cigarettes in 2015, smoking causes over 480,000 deaths per year at a cost of over $300 billion. New reduced-risk nicotine products like e-cigarettes and heated tobacco have potential to significantly reduce smoking's toll if made accessible through sensible regulation rather than restrictive policies that protect the cigarette trade. The Royal College of Physicians reviewed evidence that e-cigarettes are much less harmful than smoking and effective for smoking cessation. Most youth e-cigarette use involves just flavors without nicotine. Banning flavors could undermine harm reduction efforts. The proposed Cole-Bishop bill offers a responsible
The MRTP process - Seven provocations - FDLI webinar 30 July 2020Clive Bates
My presentation for a Food and Drug Law Institute webinar on the FDA's Modified Risk Tobacco Product process for making risk-related claims about tobacco and nicotine products
This document is a weekly report from Vypr's COVID-19 Consumer Impact Tracker that measures how consumer behavior is changing in response to the coronavirus pandemic. It tracks 14 metrics related to lifestyle changes, shopping behavior, spending, and attitudes based on surveys of 500 UK consumers. The report shows changes between surveys conducted on March 19th and 25th, with increases seen in people working from home, limiting travel and social interactions, and spending more on groceries and personal care items. Overall it aims to track the evolving impact of the crisis on consumer behavior over time.
n electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) or electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) is a battery operated device which simulates the experience of tobacco smoking without the inhalation of smoke. This device which is being reckoned as an alternative of conventional cigarettes emits vaporized nicotine which is inhaled by the user. The global e-cigarette product market value is estimated to grow over $39.6 billion by 2024, at a CAGR of 27.3% from 2014 to 2024.
Electronic Cigarette & E Vapor market study includes segmentation of electronic cigarette industry based upon types, composition, components, and geography. The market potential of electronic cigarette based on these segments has been analyzed.
Research on Tobacco Products Taxation for Global Tobacco ControlUCT ICO
This document summarizes research on tobacco taxation policies in the European Union. It identifies two main problems that prevent further reductions in combustible tobacco use: 1) a lack of convergence in cigarette and roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco prices across EU countries, which undermines domestic public health policies; and 2) a persistent price gap between cigarettes and cheaper RYO tobacco that has led consumers to shift toward RYO use. The document recommends reforms to the upcoming EU Tobacco Tax Directive to set minimum taxes per unit of product at levels that equalize taxes between cigarettes and RYO and encourage convergence of prices across countries.
The document summarizes key elements of the FDA regulation of tobacco, including requiring tobacco companies to disclose ingredients and research, restricting marketing appeals to youth and misleading health claims, strengthening restrictions on youth sales, informing consumers through improved warning labels and product testing standards, and regulating product contents to protect public health. It provides an overview of implementation timelines and opportunities for public input on the new regulations.
Bad science - 10 insights for advocatesClive Bates
1. Science and evidence is often overrated, and intuitions come before strategic reasoning.
2. Arguments should be proportional to the issue; don't bring a knife to a gun fight.
3. Authority from experts can be leveraged; a quote from the Royal College of Physicians said e-cigarette risks are unlikely to exceed 5% of smoking risks, and may be lower.
Research on Safety of Electronic Cigarettes - Dr. Konstantinos FarsalinosLindsay Fox
Research on Safety of Electronic Cigarettes
Slides from Dr. Konstantinos Farsalinos' presentation at the E-Cigarette Summit, London November 12, 2013.
Full summary of the E-Cigarette Summit: http://ecigarettereviewed.com/e-cigarette-summit-london-summary
This document discusses the physiology of pain, including:
1. Nociception involves transduction, transmission, perception, and modulation of pain signals. Nociceptors detect damaging stimuli and neurotransmitters like substance P transmit signals.
2. The gate control theory proposes that small nerve fibers carry pain signals through a "gate" in the spinal cord that can be opened or closed by large fiber input.
3. Responses to pain have both physiological and psychological aspects, with the sympathetic nervous system initially activating a fight-or-flight response.
E-cigarette marketing analysis based on European Lawmakers reject tight restrictions on e-cigarettes and the e-cigarette industry waiting to exhale by The New York Times.
Reduced nicotine rule: a terrible idea to be pursued relentlesslyClive Bates
This document summarizes arguments against reducing nicotine levels in cigarettes to zero. It claims that such a policy would be:
1) A prohibition that would lead to unpredictable consumer responses like importing black market cigarettes or switching to other tobacco products.
2) Based on little relevant research about how consumers would react.
3) Likely to have perverse public health consequences as consumers find alternative ways to get nicotine.
4) Not mandated or supported by existing tobacco control laws.
The document discusses the European Tobacco Products Directive. Some key points:
- The Directive provides stronger regulation of tobacco products, ingredients, additives, and disclosure requirements. It aims to improve public health protection across the EU.
- Products like cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, e-cigarettes, and novel products will be regulated. Ingredients giving flavors or health impressions will be restricted. Misleading packaging and labeling will be prohibited.
- Implementation and monitoring plans include collecting industry data, tracking products, and evaluating the Directive's public health impact over 5 years using cohort and survey studies across 6 EU member states.
FDLI - Lesson for the US from other jurisdictions - the United Kingdom -29 Oc...Clive Bates
Presentation on the most significant differences between US and UK/EU regulation of tobacco and vaping products. FDLI Tobacco and Nicotine Products Regulation and Policy Conference
This document describes the methodology used to examine the availability, accessibility, usage and regulatory environment of novel and emerging tobacco, nicotine, and related products in the EU. The study involved a two-stage evidence review, key informant interviews, and a stakeholder survey. In the first stage, the researchers developed a typology of products by comprehensively searching various information sources. This typology guided a second, more targeted evidence review. Key findings of the evidence review, interviews, and survey are presented in subsequent chapters, with conclusions and options for addressing regulatory gaps discussed in the final chapter. The overall aim was to inform a possible revision of the EU Tobacco Products Directive.
Slides on the current situation with global cigarette consumption and trends, and how new nicotine products could change things.
See blog at: http://www.clivebates.com/?p=2782 for more commentary.
Is nicotine reduction a viable policy for tobacco control? No, Definitely not...Clive Bates
My critique of the proposal that regulators should reduce the concentration of nicotine in cigarettes to a sub-addictive level - effectively a prohibition of cigarettes as we know them.
Presentation at SRNT 2017 in Florence, Italy on 8 March 2017.
This document analyzes ITC's marketing strategy in the Indian tobacco industry. It discusses ITC's large market share of 70% through its 14 cigarette brands. A SWOT analysis notes ITC's strengths in research and supply chain but also threats from increasing health concerns and excise duties. Porter's Five Forces analysis finds competitive rivalry is low due to ITC's dominance, though suppliers and buyers have some power. The document also examines consumer preferences, awareness channels, and positioning strategies as ITC aims to further penetrate the Indian market.
Vaping and tobacco: six things you need to know about harm reductionClive Bates
1. Smoking has not gone away
2. Technologies to obsolete cigarettes
3. Risks and risk (mis)perceptions
4. The public health mechanism and the pleasure principle
5. The youth vaping epidemic – a harder look
6. Policymaking and perverse consequences
Regulation of Tobacco Harm Reduction - GFN 2018 ScholarsClive Bates
Global Forum on Nicotine 2018 Scholars meeting on regulation discusses optimum regulation using 4 Ps of marketing framework to consider risk-proportionate regulation
India - Economic Times - Consumer Freedom Conclave - 24 Feb 2022Clive Bates
Tobacco harm reduction: the biggest public health win of the 21st Century?
1. Tobacco harm reduction
2. Risk communication
3. Policymaking
4. Cause of opposition
5. Innovation
Tobacco harm reduction - meetings with Hill staff Clive Bates
This document discusses efforts to reduce smoking and associated harms. It notes that while 36.5 million Americans smoke, consuming 264 billion cigarettes in 2015, smoking causes over 480,000 deaths per year at a cost of over $300 billion. New reduced-risk nicotine products like e-cigarettes and heated tobacco have potential to significantly reduce smoking's toll if made accessible through sensible regulation rather than restrictive policies that protect the cigarette trade. The Royal College of Physicians reviewed evidence that e-cigarettes are much less harmful than smoking and effective for smoking cessation. Most youth e-cigarette use involves just flavors without nicotine. Banning flavors could undermine harm reduction efforts. The proposed Cole-Bishop bill offers a responsible
The MRTP process - Seven provocations - FDLI webinar 30 July 2020Clive Bates
My presentation for a Food and Drug Law Institute webinar on the FDA's Modified Risk Tobacco Product process for making risk-related claims about tobacco and nicotine products
This document is a weekly report from Vypr's COVID-19 Consumer Impact Tracker that measures how consumer behavior is changing in response to the coronavirus pandemic. It tracks 14 metrics related to lifestyle changes, shopping behavior, spending, and attitudes based on surveys of 500 UK consumers. The report shows changes between surveys conducted on March 19th and 25th, with increases seen in people working from home, limiting travel and social interactions, and spending more on groceries and personal care items. Overall it aims to track the evolving impact of the crisis on consumer behavior over time.
n electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) or electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) is a battery operated device which simulates the experience of tobacco smoking without the inhalation of smoke. This device which is being reckoned as an alternative of conventional cigarettes emits vaporized nicotine which is inhaled by the user. The global e-cigarette product market value is estimated to grow over $39.6 billion by 2024, at a CAGR of 27.3% from 2014 to 2024.
Electronic Cigarette & E Vapor market study includes segmentation of electronic cigarette industry based upon types, composition, components, and geography. The market potential of electronic cigarette based on these segments has been analyzed.
Research on Tobacco Products Taxation for Global Tobacco ControlUCT ICO
This document summarizes research on tobacco taxation policies in the European Union. It identifies two main problems that prevent further reductions in combustible tobacco use: 1) a lack of convergence in cigarette and roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco prices across EU countries, which undermines domestic public health policies; and 2) a persistent price gap between cigarettes and cheaper RYO tobacco that has led consumers to shift toward RYO use. The document recommends reforms to the upcoming EU Tobacco Tax Directive to set minimum taxes per unit of product at levels that equalize taxes between cigarettes and RYO and encourage convergence of prices across countries.
The document summarizes key elements of the FDA regulation of tobacco, including requiring tobacco companies to disclose ingredients and research, restricting marketing appeals to youth and misleading health claims, strengthening restrictions on youth sales, informing consumers through improved warning labels and product testing standards, and regulating product contents to protect public health. It provides an overview of implementation timelines and opportunities for public input on the new regulations.
Bad science - 10 insights for advocatesClive Bates
1. Science and evidence is often overrated, and intuitions come before strategic reasoning.
2. Arguments should be proportional to the issue; don't bring a knife to a gun fight.
3. Authority from experts can be leveraged; a quote from the Royal College of Physicians said e-cigarette risks are unlikely to exceed 5% of smoking risks, and may be lower.
Research on Safety of Electronic Cigarettes - Dr. Konstantinos FarsalinosLindsay Fox
Research on Safety of Electronic Cigarettes
Slides from Dr. Konstantinos Farsalinos' presentation at the E-Cigarette Summit, London November 12, 2013.
Full summary of the E-Cigarette Summit: http://ecigarettereviewed.com/e-cigarette-summit-london-summary
This document discusses the physiology of pain, including:
1. Nociception involves transduction, transmission, perception, and modulation of pain signals. Nociceptors detect damaging stimuli and neurotransmitters like substance P transmit signals.
2. The gate control theory proposes that small nerve fibers carry pain signals through a "gate" in the spinal cord that can be opened or closed by large fiber input.
3. Responses to pain have both physiological and psychological aspects, with the sympathetic nervous system initially activating a fight-or-flight response.
This document provides information on several genetic conditions that can affect adolescents and adults. It summarizes 3 genetic conditions that can affect adolescents: adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, which causes abnormal curvature of the spine; juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, characterized by seizures beginning in childhood; and Leydig cell hypoplasia, which affects male sexual development. It also summarizes 3 conditions that can affect adults: Parkinson's disease, a progressive nervous system disorder; Alzheimer's disease, a degenerative brain disease and cause of dementia; and hereditary hemochromatosis, an iron overload disorder. For each condition, it discusses characteristics, frequency, genetic changes, and inheritance patterns.
1) Impotence, also known as erectile dysfunction, is the inability to achieve or maintain an erection firm enough for sex. It can be caused by physical factors like vascular disease, diabetes, neurological conditions, or psychological factors like depression, anxiety, and relationship problems.
2) Diagnosis involves a medical history, physical exam, and tests like blood tests, Doppler ultrasound of the penis, or nocturnal penile tumescence monitoring.
3) Treatment options include oral medications like Viagra, vacuum pumps, penile injections or implants, counseling, lifestyle changes, and in some cases hormone therapy. Nursing care focuses on education, medication management, and psychological support.
A teacher acquires knowledge through a four-year pre-service training program with courses prescribed by the Commission on Higher Education, gaining expertise in planning lessons and implementing appropriate teaching methodologies and procedures. A proficient teacher has mastered lesson delivery, knowing the sequence of what to present, when to present it, and how to present it from start to finish.
This document discusses cognitive processes and their application. It defines cognition and describes the main cognitive processes as sensation, attention, perception, learning, memory, thinking, decision making, and problem solving. It explains each process in 2-3 sentences and provides examples. The document also discusses how cognitive processes are applied in education, noting that people control their own learning, memory is selective, and attention is essential for learning. It lists several references used in the document.
Cushing syndrome is caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of corticosteroid hormones. It can be due to excessive steroid medication use, pituitary or adrenal tumors, or other rare causes. Signs include upper body obesity, moon face, skin changes, muscle wasting, and psychiatric issues. Diagnosis involves tests of urine and saliva cortisol levels. Treatment options are surgery to remove tumors, radiation, or medication. Nursing care focuses on fall and infection prevention, skin integrity, managing mood changes, and health teaching.
Emergency,Poisoning, Immunization and ImmunosuppresionHome Alone
This document outlines learning objectives and content related to emergency drugs, poisoning management, immunization, and immunosuppression for nursing students. It defines key terms, describes common drugs used in emergencies like oxygen, saline, dextrose, epinephrine, and more. It also covers poisoning antidotes, vaccine types and schedules, and classes of immunosuppressive drugs. The document explains the nurse's role in administering these medications.
This document discusses Erikson's stage of Industry vs. Inferiority which preschool children experience. In this stage, children begin school where they learn through long, patient work which builds industry, or feel inferior if they cannot complete tasks. Their self-concept and ability to form friendships is influenced by growing interactions with parents, teachers, and classmates at this age. Teachers and parents can help children develop friendships and self-control through encouraging peer interaction and acknowledging mature behaviors.
El documento describe 8 claves del liderazgo efectivo. La primera clave es establecer rituales para enfocarse en actividades esenciales que unan los objetivos personales de los seguidores con la visión del líder. La segunda clave es establecer rituales para fortalecer las relaciones humanas a través de la confianza, la escucha y la honestidad. La tercera clave es establecer rituales para promover la unidad del equipo a través del reconocimiento y las alabanzas.
Este documento presenta las lecturas y reflexiones para el Domingo de Cristo Rey. Se enfoca en Jesús como el verdadero rey que reinó desde la cruz y ofreció el perdón de los pecados. También incluye la promesa de Jesús al buen ladrón de llevarlo al paraíso ese día. Exhorta a los lectores a dejar que Jesús reine en sus vidas y confiar en él durante las dificultades.
This Haiku Deck presentation contains 4 photos from different photographers to illustrate haiku poetry and nature images. The presentation promotes creating your own Haiku Deck on SlideShare, which allows users to easily make and share short slideshow presentations online using photos and minimal text. Viewers are encouraged to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentations on SlideShare.
Dokumen ini membahas tentang sejarah pembentukan Pulau Sulawesi sejak Zaman Eosen hingga Plisosen, fisiografi Pulau Sulawesi yang terbagi menjadi beberapa lengan, Sulawesi sebagai daerah tektonik yang memiliki beberapa struktur seperti sesar dan palung yang dapat memicu gempa bumi dan tsunami, serta potensi terjadinya tsunami akibat gempa bumi di perairan Sulawesi.
1. The document discusses the potential for e-cigarettes and other reduced risk nicotine products to significantly reduce smoking-related harm and death on a global scale. It outlines scenarios where low-risk nicotine products could drive down the number of smokers from over 1 billion currently to just 5% of the global adult population by 2050.
2. However, it notes that an over-regulated environment that reduces product appeal and diversity could limit the public health benefits by decreasing the number of smokers who switch to less harmful alternatives. The document argues for a balanced, evidence-based approach that recognizes both the massive potential gains and relatively minor risks of low-risk nicotine products.
3. In conclusion, it advocates that
The APPH Standard: What Does it Actually Mean?Clive Bates
My presentation at the Food & Drug Law Institute Tobacco and Nicotine conference 26 October 2023. I discuss five problems with the APPH concept:
1. No means of trading off different types of benefits and detriments
2. Ignores vaping benefits to youth
3. Blind to harmful unintended consequences of marketing denial orders
4. Impossible to estimate population effects at the product level - the standard only makes sense at the category level.
5. The aggregate effect of thousands of single product PMTA determinations may create adverse effects not captured in any individual application (de fact flavour ban)
I finish with three broad proposals:
1. Assess individual risk and marketing strategy pre-market
2. Assess population effects when it is actually possible to observe them - post-market
3. Conduct a single comprehensive market assessment covering all products, including illicit trade
Competent or careless? Directions in European policy on low-risk nicotine pr...Clive Bates
Presentation to ENDS conference, 20 April 2021.
Discussion of (1) the threat posed by upcoming EU regulatory developments on tobacco/nicotine; (2) the importance of understanding the underlying public health model; (3) the danger of perverse unintended consequences; (4) the adolescent vaping narrative and what is wrong with it; (5) the proactive alternative - risk-proportionate regulation.
Tobacco use is a major public health problem that kills over 5 million people worldwide each year. In Sudan, smoking prevalence among males is around 24% compared to only 2% among females. There are effective tobacco control strategies available through the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) including tax increases, advertising bans, smoke-free laws, health warnings on packages, and cessation support. Quitting tobacco has significant health, economic, and social benefits for individuals and their families.
The document summarizes the WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008. It outlines that tobacco use kills over 5 million people per year and could kill over 1 billion people this century if urgent action is not taken. It presents MPOWER, a package of 6 policies recommended by the WHO to help countries implement the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: Monitor tobacco use; Protect from secondhand smoke; Offer help to quit; Warn about dangers; Enforce advertising bans; and Raise taxes. However, implementation of these policies remains limited, with only 5% of the global population currently protected by comprehensive smoke-free laws and advertising bans. Increased efforts are needed to curb the tobacco epidemic.
This document summarizes the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and its decisions around e-cigarettes. It discusses how the FCTC works, including its Conference of Parties meetings where decisions are made by consensus. At COP6 in 2012, a report on e-cigarettes was presented outlining regulatory objectives and options. The decision welcomed the report and invited parties to consider regulations, while also requesting another report on e-cigarettes for COP7 to further examine the issues. The UK's regulation of e-cigarettes is guided by decisions at the EU level.
The document discusses the Tobacco Products Directive and its priorities for review. It argues that the Directive is an opportunity to [1] implement measures that help prevent children from starting smoking, such as requiring packs that fully inform consumers about health risks and removing appealing tastes. [2] Around 80 million children in the EU are at risk of starting smoking. [3] A successful Directive with a ban on marketing techniques and additives could decrease tobacco consumption by 2% over 5 years, saving billions of euros and thousands of lives.
How E-Cigarettes Should be Regulated - Professor Jean-François ETTER - E-Ciga...Lindsay Fox
1) E-cigarettes are mostly used by smokers and help some quit or reduce smoking. Regular use by non-smokers has not been documented. E-cigarettes are less toxic than cigarettes.
2) Regulations of e-cigarettes vary by country and are currently evolving. The document discusses potential regulations as tobacco products, medications, or consumer products.
3) Regulating e-cigarettes as medications poses several problems and may stifle innovation, give the market to big tobacco, and result in fewer smokers quitting. Consumer product regulation with additional safety standards may better balance public health and individual freedom.
The document discusses how e-cigarettes should be regulated. It presents evidence that e-cigarettes are safer than cigarettes and are used mostly by smokers to help quit smoking. It analyzes the current regulations in the US, UK, and EU and argues that regulating e-cigarettes as tobacco products or medicines would be disproportionate and could negatively impact public health goals. Instead, it advocates for regulating e-cigarettes as consumer products, with additional product standards and restrictions on youth access, similar to other consumer goods. The goal of regulation should be to balance public health benefits with limiting risks, without making e-cigarettes less competitive than cigarettes.
The UK government will regulate e-cigarettes and other nicotine containing products as medicines beginning in 2016 to ensure safety and quality. This decision aligns with proposed European regulation and manufacturers will have until 2016 to obtain licenses for their products, though they can seek licenses earlier. Regulating these products as medicines means high quality products can support smokers to reduce and quit smoking. Licensed products will be available over the counter or by prescription through the NHS and can be advertised like other medicines.
African Harm Reduction Exchange - Dec 2022Clive Bates
The science behind Tobacco Harm Reduction …and how it impacts policy development and regulation
1. Smoking is the main problem
2. Smokefree products and science
3. Policy and unintended consequences
4. Innovation (and its enemies)
Over the past 50 years, cigarette smoking and other combusted tobacco products have caused over 20 million American deaths. The tobacco epidemic was driven by misleading and aggressive strategies of the tobacco industry. While electronic nicotine delivery systems like e-cigarettes may help reduce harm if they replace combusted tobacco entirely, they must be regulated to prevent youth uptake and minimize risks. The 2014 Surgeon General's report recommends fully funding tobacco control programs, raising cigarette taxes, and making cessation treatment widely available to continue progress against the tobacco epidemic.
British American Tobacco has implemented various CSR initiatives including donations, establishing a CSR center at the University of Nottingham, education programs in Africa, audited social reports, and stakeholder engagement. Their CSR strategy focuses on harm reduction through less toxic products and sustainable agriculture while ensuring responsible corporate behavior. Critics argue that tobacco use still causes significant health and environmental issues globally despite these initiatives.
This document discusses strategies used in the campaign to reduce cigarette smoking rates in the United States and whether similar strategies could be effective against COVID-19. It provides statistics showing cigarette smoking rates declined significantly from the 1960s to 2018 due to public health campaigns, higher taxes on tobacco, and restrictions on tobacco advertising. However, 13.7% of Americans still smoke. The document examines how public trust and messaging were critical to the success of anti-smoking efforts. It then compares the polarized response to COVID-19 in the US, with challenges to science, public health measures and vaccines. The document questions whether the same comprehensive, multi-pronged approach that reduced smoking could work for COVID given lower trust in institutions and spread of mis
Is the world achieving the 2025 target on tobacco use?UCT ICO
The document discusses tobacco use targets and progress towards achieving a 30% relative reduction in tobacco use prevalence by 2025 according to WHO guidelines. It provides details on WHO's monitoring of tobacco use trends using country-reported data. While some countries are on track to meet the target, current projections show global tobacco use is unlikely to meet the 30% reduction without increased efforts, especially stronger implementation of WHO's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. The document emphasizes the importance of multisectoral collaboration to effectively reduce tobacco use and related health burdens.
The end of what? UK E-cigarette Summit 2023Clive Bates
The extended version of my presentation to the UK E-cigarette summit 16 November 2023. We look at the following:
1. End of harm or end of nicotine
2. The demand for nicotine
3. The future market for nicotine
4. False risk perceptions
5. Who is to blame
Similar to Electronic Cigarette Regulations: When Less is More (20)
4. I smoked for 45 years and tried every NRT
product available, none of them worked. I
continued to smoke even though my health
was getting worse, resulting in COPD and using
oxygen daily.
September 2011 I discovered e-cigarettes and
they worked. It was like someone handed me a
miracle. In less than a week I stopped using
regular cigarettes. I haven’t had a tobacco
cigarette since.
Unsolicited comment left on www.clivebates.com
6. The Endgame?
Billion adults > 15 years
Projected global adult population growth
9.0
Adult
population
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
Smokers: WHO Tobacco Atlas 2006. Population: UN
2040
2045
2050
7. The Endgame?
Billion adults > 15 years
Projected global adult population growth
9.0
Adult
population
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
Smoker
population at
constant
prevalence
2.0
1.0
0.0
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
Smokers: WHO Tobacco Atlas 2006. Population: UN
2040
2045
2050
8. The endgame?
Billion adults > 15 years
Scenarios for future smoker population
2.5
Constant
prevalence
(28%)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Scenario – 15% global prevalence by 2050
2035
2040
2045
2050
9. The endgame?
Billion adults > 15 years
Scenarios for future smoker population
2.5
Constant
prevalence
(28%)
2.0
1.5
Global smoking
prevalence
declines to 15%
1.0
0.5
0.0
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Scenario – 15% global prevalence by 2050
2035
2040
2045
2050
10. If all goes well
Billion adults > 15 years
Scenarios for future smoker population
2.5
Constant
prevalence
(28%)
2.0
Contested by tobacco control
1.5
Global smoking
prevalence
declines to 15%
1.0
HARM
0.5
0.0
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
11. The endgame – a nicotine product contest?
Billion adults > 15 years
Scenarios for future nicotine markets
2.5
Constant
prevalence
(28%)
2.0
Contested by tobacco control
1.5
Global nicotine
prevalence
declines to 15%
1.0
Contested by nicotine products
0.5
0.0
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
12. How far could low-risk nicotine products go?
Billion adults > 15 years
Scenarios for future nicotine markets
2.5
Constant
prevalence
(28%)
2.0
Contested by tobacco control
1.5
Global nicotine
prevalence
declines to 15%
Contested by low risk nicotine products
1.0
Global smoking
prevalence
declines to 5%
0.5
Cigarettes and other combustible tobacco
0.0
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
13. How far could low-risk nicotine products go?
Billion adults > 15 years
Scenarios for future nicotine markets
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
This boundary matters most for public health
0.5
0.0
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
14. The endgame: analyst view
Consumption of e-cigs may overtake traditional
cigarettes in the next decade … and they’ll only
evolve and improve as time goes forward.
Bonnie Herzog, Wells Fargo Securities, 2013
15. The endgame: analyst view
Consumption of e-cigs may overtake traditional
cigarettes in the next decade … and they’ll only
evolve and improve as time goes forward.
Bonnie Herzog, Wells Fargo Securities, 2013
16. 50:50 by 2030
Billion adults > 15 years
”Modified Herzog scenario" for future nicotine markets
2.5
Constant
prevalence
(28%)
2.0
1.5
Global nicotine
prevalence
declines to 15%
1.0
"E-cigarettes overtake
cigarettes by 2030"
0.5
0.0
2010
Global smoking
prevalence
declines to 5%
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
17. Who is this?
Mitch Zeller
(now) Director of the Center for Tobacco
Products FDA
18. Harm reduction equation
Harm reduction = Reduced risk x Number who switch
Product toxicity &
other risks
Product attractiveness
Consumer preference
19. Harm reduction equation
Harm reduction = Reduced risk x Number who switch
Product toxicity &
other risks
Product attractiveness
Consumer preference
21. Focus on the right relative risk
More regulation
Lower risk
regulated e-cig
0
“unregulated” e-cig
10
10
0
0
e-cigarettes
100
cigarette
22. Harm reduction equation
Harm reduction = Reduced risk x Number who switch
Product toxicity &
other risks
Product attractiveness
Consumer preference
23. Analysts
We remain very bullish on the vast potential of e-cigs given the
rapid pace of innovation. [We believe] that the benefits of ecigs are becoming increasingly apparent to consumers, helping
to drive trial and repeat purchases aided by stepped-up
advertising and a lot of internet “buzz”
Wells Fargo
24. Regulation comes at a price
Less
Fewer, duller
innovations
personalisation
branding &
marketing
Slower
innovation
pace
Trusted brands
& firms
destroyed
Greatly
reduced
variety & niche
products
Increased cost
Boring
Oligopoly &
reduced
competition
Reduced
appeal
Black market,
DIY
25. Harm reduction equation
Harm reduction = Reduced risk x Number who switch
Trade offs
Conclusion 1. The perfectly risk free product that no-one
wants scores badly in the harm reduction equation
Conclusion 2. A diverse range of products with substantially
reduced risk lets each smoker decide which product is best
29. Getting tough on harm reduction?
Counter-productive
Harm reducing
Safety
Safest possible
Safe enough
Quality
Control processes (eg. GMP)
Proportionate standards
Efficacy
Regulator decides
Consumer decides
Labelling
Warns of danger
Encourages switching
Marketing
Like medicines
Like consumer products
Bans on use
Fear of ‘renormalisation’
Normalise harm reduction
Retail
Pharmacies / as tobacco
General sales
Age restrictions
Adults
Makes little real difference
Taxation
Like tobacco
Fiscal incentive to switch
30. What do analysts think…?
We believe many current suppliers would struggle to meet
medical standards, and for the UK they may have to by 2016. Big
players with deeper pockets would survive and prices could rise
– a hugely preferable outcome for Tobacco.
BNP Paribas
Tougher regulation, as well as providing a relative advantage
to their e-cigarette divisions, would result in higher prices for
e-cigarettes – which could also benefit tobacco companies by
limiting their attraction for smokers and slowing the decline in
tobacco sales.
Fitch
31. What do analysts think…?
We believe many current suppliers would struggle to meet
medical standards, and for the UK they may have to by 2016. Big
players with deeper pockets would survive and prices could rise
– a hugely preferable outcome for Tobacco.
BNP Paribas
Tougher regulation, as well as providing a relative advantage
to their e-cigarette divisions, would result in higher prices for
e-cigarettes – which could also benefit tobacco companies by
limiting their attraction for smokers and slowing the decline in
tobacco sales.
Fitch
32. European Parliament – amendment 170
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Requires medicines regulation if claim made
Requires Article 17 notification regime otherwise
Emphasises general safety requirement
Applies Article 16 – cross border distance sales
Applies advertising directive 2003/33/EC and audiovisual services 2010/13/EU
Information leaflet
Warning “this product is intended for use by existing smokers. It
contains nicotine which is a highly addictive substance”
Warning size - 30% or 40% (Council =30%) and specification from Article 10
30mg/ml threshold – “are not placed on the market” (?medicine)
Age restriction (no less than 18)
Restriction on additives – application of Article 6.4 (vitamins etc)
No tobacco branding
Allows flavourings
Requires sales allowed ‘outside pharmacies’
Review
33.
34.
35. Purpose built regulation for e-cigs / NCPs
1.
Accountabilities – responsible person
2.
Disclosure and notification regime
3.
Labeling and consumer information
4.
Safety assessment and product file
5.
Contaminants / purity
6.
Prohibited ingredients
7.
Specific standards for vaping devices CEN/ISO
8.
Updating: review & technical committee
9.
Marketing (like alcohol?) – mostly member state
10. Retail sales age restriction – member states
11. … public vaping?
36. Harm reduction equation with population effects
Harm reduction = Reduced risk x Number who switch
- Extra smokers + Extra quitters
Gateway to smoking
Dual use
Reduced quitting
Normalising smoking
Gateway exits
Complete cessation
Extra quitting
Normalising non-smoking
37. Conclusion
• Be positive about the (vast) potential
• Put the (minor) risks in perspective
• Regulate as though the 1 billion matter most
39. Summary of the ECigarette Summit
For more information about the E-Cigarette
Summit, a full review of the event, and
more presentations, read this article. Visit
the E-Cigarette Summit's website here:
http://e-cigarette-summit.com/