Electroforesis de proteinas y acidos nucleicos

1.
)XQGDPHQWRV GH %LRTXtPLFD %LRORJtD 0ROHFXODU $SOLFDGD /LFHQFLDWXUD HQ %LRORJtD

2.
7HPDV S 7HPDV (OHFWURIRUHVLV GH SURWHtQDV GH iFLGRV QXFOHLFRV +D PDWHULDO DGLFLRQDO HQ OD SiJLQD ZHE GH OD DVLJQDWXUD VH DFFHGH GHVGH OD SiJLQD GHO 'HSDUWDPHQWR KWWSZZZXDKHVRWURVZHEELRTXLPLFD

3.
'HILQLFLyQ /D PDRUtD GHODV ELRPROpFXODV SRVHHQ XQD FDUJD HOpFWULFD FXD PDJQLWXG GHSHQGH GHO S+ GHO PHGLR HQ HO TXH VH HQFXHQWUDQ RPR FRQVHFXHQFLD VH GHVSOD]DQ FXDQGR VH YHQ VRPHWLGDV D XQ FDPSR HOpFWULFR 6H GHQRPLQD HOHFWURIRUHVLV D OD WpFQLFD SRU OD FXDO VH VHSDUDQ ELRPROpFXODV HQ GLVROXFLyQ DO VHU VRPHWLGDV D XQ FDPSR HOpFWULFR 6H WUDWD GH XQD WpFQLFD IXQGDPHQWDOPHQWH DQDOtWLFD DXQTXH WDPELpQ VH SXHGH UHDOL]DU FRQ ILQHV SUHSDUDWLYRV DGD PROpFXOD VH GHVSOD]D SRU HIHFWR GHO FDPSR DOFDQ]DQGR UiSLGDPHQWH XQD YHORFLGDG FRQVWDQWH DO HTXLOLEUDUVH OD IXHU]D LPSXOVRUD IXHU]D GHO FDPSR HOpFWULFR

4.
FRQ OD UHVLVWHQFLDDO DYDQFH IXHU]D GH IULFFLyQ R UR]DPLHQWR

5.
LPSXHVWD SRU HOPHGLR HQ HO TXH VH GHVSOD]D )XHU]D GHO FDPSR HOpFWULFR T ( T[( FDUJD

6.
LQWHQVLGDG GHO FDPSR9 [ P

7.
)XHU]D GH IULFFLyQ I[Y IFRHILFLHQWH GH IULFFLyQ [ 9 V

8.
Y YHORFLGDG GHOD PROpFXOD P V

9.
(O FRHILFLHQWH GHIULFFLyQ PLGH OD UHVLVWHQFLD LQWUtQVHFD GHELGD D ODV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GH FDGD PROpFXOD HVHQFLDOPHQWH GH IRUPD WDPDxR $Vt SRU HMHPSOR ODV PROpFXODV JUDQGHV DVLPpWULFDV SRVHHQ XQ PDRU FRHILFLHQWH GH IULFFLyQ TXH ODV SHTXHxDV FRPSDFWDV /D YHORFLGDG SRU XQLGDG GH FDPSR UHFLEH HO QRPEUH GH PRYLOLGDG HOHFWURIRUpWLFD P T I =H I Y( = Q~PHUR HQWHUR H FDUJD GHO HOHFWUyQ

10.
(Q XQDV FRQGLFLRQHVGHWHUPLQDGDV GH HOHFWURIRUHVLV OD GLIHUHQWH PRYLOLGDG GH FDGD PROpFXOD GHILQH VX VHSDUDFLyQ HQ HO HVSDFLR DO LU WUDQVFXUULHQGR HO WLHPSR VH YDQ VHSDUDQGR SURJUHVLYDPHQWH $O VHU HO PHGLR GH VRSRUWH D VX YH] XQ SROLHOHFWUROLWR HVWi FRQVWLWXLGR SRU LRQHV TXH VRQ DWUDtGRV DVt UHFXEUHQ ORV LRQHV GH OD PXHVWUD OR TXH DOWHUD VX FRPSRUWDPLHQWR HQ HO FDPSR 7RGR HOOR KDFH TXH HO WUDWDPLHQWR WHyULFR FXDQWLWDWLYR GH OD HOHFWURIRUHVLV VHD PX GLItFLO TXH HVWD WpFQLFD VHD GH SRFD XWLOLGDG SDUD REWHQHU LQIRUPDFLyQ SUHFLVD VREUH OD HVWUXFWXUD GH ODV PROpFXODV 6LQ HPEDUJR HV HQRUPHPHQWH ~WLO FRPR WpFQLFD DQDOtWLFD SUHSDUDWLYD 6H SXHGH KDEODU GH WLSRV GH HOHFWURIRUHVLV 'H IUHQWH PyYLO ORV FRPSRQHQWHV GH OD PXHVWUD HVWiQ SUHVHQWHV HQ WRGD OD GLVROXFLyQ VH GHWHUPLQD ySWLFDPHQWH OD SRVLFLyQ GHO IUHQWH GH DYDQFH R IURQWHUD FRQ HO GLVROYHQWH =RQDO OD PXHVWUD VH DSOLFD FRPR XQD PDQFKD R EDQGD VXV FRPSRQHQWHV PLJUDQ D WUDYpV GH XQ GLVROYHQWH XWLOL]DQGR DGHPiV XQ PHGLR VRSRUWH GH pVWH (Q HVWH FDVR QR VH GHWHUPLQD OD PRYLOLGDG VLQR TXH VH DSOLFD OD WpFQLFD FRQ HO ~QLFR REMHWLYR GH VHSDUDU ORV FRPSRQHQWHV GH OD PXHVWUD RQWLQXD OD PXHVWUD VH DSOLFD WDPELpQ HQ XQD ]RQD SHUR VH VXPLQLVWUD FRQWLQXDPHQWH D OR ODUJR GHO SURFHVR SDUD PiV LQIRUPDFLyQ YpDVH ODV SS GH )UHLIHOGHU

11.
(VWXGLDUHPRV ~QLFDPHQWH ODHOHFWURIRUHVLV ]RQDO GH XVR PiV H[WHQGLGR )LQDOPHQWH GHEH VHxDODUVH TXH DXQTXH HV PHQRV IUHFXHQWH VH SXHGH DSOLFDU OD HOHFWURIRUHVLV D OD VHSDUDFLyQ GH FpOXODV 0HGLRV GH VRSRUWH SDUD UHDOL]DU OD HOHFWURIRUHVLV /D PXHVWUD GHEH VLWXDUVH HQ R VREUH XQ PHGLR VRSRUWH SULQFLSDOPHQWH SDUD HYLWDU SHUWXUEDFLRQHV PHFiQLFDV FRUULHQWHV GH FRQYHFFLyQ GXUDQWH OD VHSDUDFLyQ (Q DOJXQRV SDSHO R VLPLODUHV

12.
OD PXHVWUD TXHGDVREUH OD VXSHUILFLH DYDQ]D D OR ODUJR GH HOOD FRQ HVFDVD IULFFLyQ SRU OR TXH HO PHFDQLVPR SULQFLSDO GH VHSDUDFLyQ HV OD PDJQLWXG GH OD FDUJD 2WURV PHGLRV ³JHOHV´ PHGLRV VHPLVyOLGRV R JHODWLQRVRV

13.
HVWiQ IRUPDGRV SRU SROtPHURVTXH IRUPDQ XQD PDOOD PDWUL] R UHG WULGLPHQVLRQDO D WUDYpV GH OD FXDO GHEHQ DYDQ]DU ODV PROpFXODV 1RWDV GH FODVH YHUVLyQ

14.

15.
7HPDV S GH OD PXHVWUD TXH TXHGD HPEHELGD HQ HO PHGLR GH VRSRUWH HOHFWURIRUpWLFR RPR FRQVHFXHQFLD OD IULFFLyQ HV QRWDEOH HO IDFWRU IRUPD WDPDxR DGTXLHUH XQD DOWD UHOHYDQFLD HQ OD VHSDUDFLyQ 0HGLRV GH EDMD IULFFLyQ SDSHO DFHWDWR GH FHOXORVD VHSDUDFLyQ SULQFLSDOPHQWH SRU FDUJD 0HGLRV GH HOHYDGD IULFFLyQ JHO GH DOPLGyQ JHO GH SROLDFULODPLGD JHO GH DJDURVD JHO GH DJDURVDSROLDFULODPLGD VHSDUDFLyQ SRU FDUJD WDPDxR IRUPD 3DSHO VHQFLOOR SHUR HOHYDGD DGVRUFLyQ SRU ORV JUXSRV KLGUR[LOR GH OD FHOXORVD $FHWDWR GH FHOXORVD JUXSRV ±2+ DFHWLODGRV EDMD DGVRUFLyQ EDMD WLQFLyQ GH IRQGR SRVLEOH WUDQVSDUHQWDUOD R GLVROYHUOD SDUD GHWHFWDU UHFXSHUDU $OPLGyQ SDVWD GH DOPLGyQ FXRV JUDQRV VH KDQ GLVJUHJDGR HQ XQ WDPSyQ FDOLHQWH VH KLQFKDQ

16.
$FWXDOPHQWH VH XWLOL]D SRFRVXVWLWXLGR SRU OD SROLDFULODPLGD $JDURVD SROLVDFiULGR SURGXFWR SXULILFDGR GH DOJDV FRPSRVLFLyQ VLPLODU DO DJDUDJDU

17.
6H GLVXHOYH HQFDOLHQWH ž

18.
DO HQIULDU VROLGLILFDIRUPDQGR XQ JHO GH DOWD SRURVLGDG 3ROLDFULODPLGD HO JHO HV HO UHVXOWDGR GH OD SROLPHUL]DFLyQ TXtPLFD GH XQD PH]FOD GH DFULODPLGD ELVDFULODPLGD 5HJXODQGR OD FRQFHQWUDFLyQ GH DPEDV VX SURSRUFLyQ VH FRQVLJXHQ GLVWLQWDV SRURVLGDGHV VLHPSUH PHQRUHV TXH OD GH ORV JHOHV GH DJDURVD 2 DFULODPLGD 11¶PHWLOHQELVDFULODPLGD

19.
2 + + 1+ + + + 1+ IRUPDSROtPHURV OLQHDOHV

20.
LQWURGXFH XQLRQHV FUX]DGDVHQWUH FDGHQDV GH SROLDFULODPLGD

21.
1+ 2 + + $JDURVDSROLDFULODPLGD SRURVLGDGLQWHUPHGLD 3ROLDFULODPLGD FRQ 6'6 HO GRGHFLOVXOIDWR VyGLFR 6RGLXP 'RGHFO 6XOSKDWH

22.
HV XQ GHWHUJHQWHDQLyQLFR TXH VH XQH D ODV SURWHtQDV GHVQDWXUDOL]iQGRODV HQ XQD FRQIRUPDFLyQ H[WHQGLGD UHFXELHUWD GH PROpFXODV GH 6'6 RPR FRQVHFXHQFLD HO WDPDxR GH OD PROpFXOD GH SURWHtQD HV GLUHFWDPHQWH SURSRUFLRQDO D VX ORQJLWXG HQ DPLQRiFLGRV VX FDUJD TXHGD HQPDVFDUDGD SRU OD PDRU FDUJD GHO 6'6 TXH OD UHFXEUH TXH HV WDPELpQ SURSRUFLRQDO D OD ORQJLWXG 3RU OR WDQWR OD PRYLOLGDG HOHFWURIRUpWLFD GH OD SURWHtQD GHSHQGH H[FOXVLYDPHQWH GH VX PDVD PROHFXODU 2 + 2 6 2 2 ++

23.
62 0RGRV GH GLVSRVLFLyQGHO VRSRUWH +RUL]RQWDO (Q SDSHO SDUD DPLQRiFLGRV X RWUDV PROpFXODV SHTXHxDV HQ VRSRUWHV VLPLODUHV HVSHFLDOPHQWH DFHWDWR GH FHOXORVD

24.
SDUD SURWHtQDV (Q JHO GHDOPLGyQ R GH DJDURVD SDUD SURWHtQDV HVSHFLDOPHQWH SDUD iFLGRV QXFOHLFRV DVL VLHPSUH HO WDPSyQ FXEUH HO JHO SDUD HYLWDU TXH VH VHTXH SRU HO FDOHQWDPLHQWR DO SDVR GH OD FRUULHQWH

25.
GHQRPLQiQGRVH ³HOHFWURIRUHVLV VXEPDULQD´ 6RSRUWH LPSUHJQDGRGH GLVROXFLyQ WDPSyQ SRU FDSLODULGDG GLVXHOYH OD PXHVWUD PDQWLHQH HO FRQWDFWR HOpFWULFR 6H DSOLFD OD PXHVWUD GHSRVLWiQGROD SLSHWD R DSOLFDGRU HVSHFtILFR

26.
FRPR XQD JRWDVREUH HO VRSRUWH SDSHO DFHWDWR GH FHOXORVD

27.
R GHQWUR GHXQ ³SRFLOOR´ FUHDGR HQ HO JHO 1RWDV GH FODVH YHUVLyQ

28.

29.
7HPDV S 9HUWLFDO DVL H[FOXVLYDPHQWH FRQ JHO GH SROLDFULODPLGD PiV UHVLVWHQWH ItVLFDPHQWH QR VH GHVOL]D

30.
SDUD SURWHtQDV R SDUDiFLGRV QXFOHLFRV GH SHTXHxR WDPDxR (O JHO SXHGH UHOOHQDU WXERV GH YLGULR FDGD YH] VH XVD PHQRV

31.
R HVWDU FRQWHQLGRHQWUH SODFDV UHFWDQJXODUHV RQWDFWR HOpFWULFR GLVROYHQWH JUDFLDV DO WDPSyQ TXH HPEHEH HO JHO OOHQD ODV FXEHWDV R FRPSDUWLPHQWRV GHO iQRGR FiWRGR /D PXHVWUD VH GHSRVLWD FRQ PLFURSLSHWD OOHQDQGR XQ ³SRFLOOR´ FUHDGR DO SROLPHUL]DU HO JHO (Q FXDQWR D OD FRPSRVLFLyQ GHO JHO KD GRV YDULDQWHV HOHFWURIRUHVLV FRQWLQXD XQ VROR WLSR GH JHO

32.
HOHFWURIRUHVLV GLVFRQWLQXD WUDPRV GH JHO GH FRPSRVLFLyQ OLJHUDPHQWH GLIHUHQWH

33.
(MHPSORV GH VHSDUDFLyQHOHFWURIRUpWLFD 6HSDUDFLyQ GH SURWHtQDV SRU 6'63$*( GLVFRQWLQXD YHUWLFDO 6'63$*( 6'63RO$FUODPLGH *HO (OHFWURSKRUHVLV HOHFWURIRUHVLV HQ JHO GH SROLDFULODPLGD HQ SUHVHQFLD GH GRGHFLOVXOIDWR VyGLFR *HO GH SROLDFULODPLGD HQ SODFD YHUWLFDO 6HSDUDFLyQ GH DFXHUGR FRQ OD PDVD PROHFXODU HVWULFWDPHQWH FRQ OD ORQJLWXG GH OD FDGHQD SROLSHSWtGLFD

34.
/D PXHVWUD VHWUDWD FRQ 6'6 D PDRU FRQFHQWUDFLyQ TXH HQ OD FRPSRVLFLyQ GHO JHO

35.
VH FDOLHQWD EUHYHPHQWHD ž SDUD SURYRFDU OD GHVQDWXUDOL]DFLyQ 6H VXHOH DxDGLU WDPELpQ βPHUFDSWRHWDQRO SDUD UHGXFLU ORV SXHQWHV GLVXOIXUR VHSDUDQGR DVt ODV VXEXQLGDGHV GH OD SURWHtQD SHUPLWLHQGR TXH VH H[WLHQGDQ SRU HIHFWR GHO 6'6 (Q OD SUHSDUDFLyQ GHO JHO VH PH]FODQ • XQ WDPSyQ GH S+ FRP~QPHQWH 7ULV+O

36.
• DFULODPLGD ELVDFULODPLGD • XQ DJHQWH LQLFLDGRU GH OD SROLPHUL]DFLyQ FRPR HO SHUVXOIDWR DPyQLFR JHQHUD UDGLFDOHV OLEUHV

37.
• XQ DJHQWHFDWDOL]DGRU GH OD SROLPHUL]DFLyQ FRPR HO 7(0(' 111¶1¶WHWUDPHWLOHWLOHQRGLDPLQD

38.
• 6'6 3HUPLWH REWHQHUXQD HVWLPDFLyQ GH OD PDVD PROHFXODU GH ODV SURWHtQDV VHSDUDGDV 3DUD HOOR HV SUHFLVR DQDOL]DU HQ OD PLVPD HOHFWURIRUHVLV XQDV SURWHtQDV SDWUyQ GH WDPDxR FRQRFLGR FRQ ODV TXH VH FRQVWUXH XQD FXUYD GH FDOLEUDGR UHSUHVHQWDQGR PRYLOLGDG IUHQWH D ORJDULWPR GH PDVD PROHFXODU 3DUD FRQWURODU HO DYDQFH GHO IUHQWH GH HOHFWURIRUHVLV SRVLFLyQ GH Pi[LPD PRYLOLGDG

39.
VH DxDGH DOD PXHVWUD XQ FRORUDQWH PDUFDGRU ³WUDFNLQJ GH´

40.
PROpFXOD FDUJDGD GH SHTXHxR WDPDxR TXH DYDQ]D PiV TXH FXDOTXLHU FRPSRQHQWH GH OD PXHVWUD HO PiV KDELWXDO HV HO D]XO GH EURPRIHQRO 1RWDV GH FODVH YHUVLyQ

41.

42.
3DUD PHMRUDU ODUHVROXFLyQ REWHQLHQGR EDQGDV PiV FRPSDFWDV

43.
VH VXHOH HPSOHDU HOHFWURIRUHVLVGLVFRQWLQXD • (Q OD SDUWH VXSHULRU XQ JHO DFXPXODGRU FRQFHQWUDGRU R HVSDFLDGRU VWDFNLQJ JHO

44.
TXH WLHQH FRPRHIHFWR FRQFHQWUDU OD PXHVWUD HQ XQD EDQGD PX HVWUHFKD • 2FXSDQGR OD PDRU SDUWH GH OD SODFD XQ JHO VHSDUDGRU UHVROYLQJ JHO

45.
HQ HO TXH WLHQHOXJDU OD VHSDUDFLyQ GH ORV FRPSRQHQWHV (O HIHFWR FRQFHQWUDGRU VH GHEH D XQD PDRU SRURVLGDG GHO JHO DFXPXODGRU FRPELQDGD FRQ XQD GLIHUHQWH FRPSRVLFLyQ GH ORV WDPSRQHV GH FXEHWD 7ULVJOLFLQD

46.
GH JHO 7ULV+O

47.
GLVWLQWR S+ SDUDDPERV JHOHV 1RWD ³7ULV´ HV WULVKLGUR[LPHWLO

48.
DPLQRPHWDQR XQD VXVWDQFLDKDELWXDO SDUD SUHSDUDU GLVROXFLRQHV WDPSyQ GH S+ SUy[LPR D 7HPDV S ƒ‚pvyy‚†Ãqr €ˆr†‡…h tryÃhpˆ€ˆyhq‚… tryÃ†rƒh…hq‚… 6HSDUDFLyQ GH '1$ HQ JHOHV GH DJDURVD HOHFWURIRUHVLV KRUL]RQWDO VXEPDULQD /DV PROpFXODV GH '1$ GH ODV FpOXODV VRQ H[FHVLYDPHQWH JUDQGHV SDUD DYDQ]DU D WUDYpV GH XQ JHO GH HOHFWURIRUHVLV QRUPDO SHUR SXHGHQ DQDOL]DUVH VL SUHYLDPHQWH VH KDQ IUDJPHQWDGR GH IRUPD FRQWURODGD 6H VXHOHQ HPSOHDU JHOHV GH DJDURVD FRQFHQWUDFLyQ HQWUH

49.
PiV SRURVRV TXHORV GH SROLDFULODPLGD /DV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV PHFiQLFDV GH HVWRV JHOHV KDFHQ DFRQVHMDEOH OD UHDOL]DFLyQ GH OD HOHFWURIRUHVLV HQ KRUL]RQWDO KDELWXDOPHQWH ³VXEPDULQD´ /DV PXHVWUDV VH DSOLFDQ HQ SRFLOORV SUDFWLFDGRV GHQWUR GHO JHO 8QD GH ODV IRUPDV PiV FRPXQHV GH IUDJPHQWDU HO '1$ HV HO HPSOHR GH HQGRQXFOHDVDV GH UHVWULFFLyQ TXH FRUWDQ HQ VHFXHQFLDV GLDQD FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV /D FDUJD HOpFWULFD GH XQD PROpFXOD GH '1$ GHSHQGH GH VXV JUXSRV IRVIDWR HO Q~PHUR GH pVWRV HV LJXDO DO GREOH GHO Q~PHUR GH SDUHV GH EDVHV /D IRUPD GH WRGDV ODV PROpFXODV GH '1$ HV HVHQFLDOPHQWH OD PLVPD (Q FRQVHFXHQFLD UHVXOWD TXH OD PRYLOLGDG HQ HOHFWURIRUHVLV GHSHQGH H[FOXVLYDPHQWH GH D ORQJLWXG GH OD PROpFXOD PHGLGD KDELWXDOPHQWH FRPR Q~PHUR GH SDUHV GH EDVHV SE

50.
OD HOHFWURIRUHVLV VHSDUDORV IUDJPHQWRV GH '1$ GH DFXHUGR FRQ VX ORQJLWXG HQ SE 'H IRUPD VLPLODU DO FDVR GH SURWHtQDV HQ 6'63$*( VH VXHOHQ DSOLFDU SDWURQHV HQ XQR GH ORV SRFLOORV SDUD KDFHU XQD FXUYD GH FDOLEUDGR GH WDPDxRV ³ƒ‚pvyy‚†´Ãƒh…hÃqrƒ‚†v‡h…Ãyh† y‚†Ãs…ht€r‡‚†ÃqrÃ9I6 €ˆr†‡…h†ÃqrÃ9I6Ãs…ht€r‡hq‚ ph…thÃrth‡v‰hÃuh p‚Ãrq‚ˆpyrh†h†ÃqrÃ…r†‡…vppvy ÃÃÃÃÃ’Ãy‚†Ãƒh‡…‚r† h‰h“hq‚ÃuhpvhÃry ƒ‚y‚Ãƒ‚†v‡v‰‚0 HOHFWURIRUHVLV hÃ€r‚…Ã‡h€hx‚ €h’‚… tryÃqrÃhth…‚†hÃ‚Ãƒ‚yvhp…vyh€vqh …rp‚……vq‚ ryÃtryÃ’ÃryÃ‡h€ƒyÃqr †rƒh…hpvyÃ‡vrrÃƒC hyphyv‚ÃryÃ9I6 hq„ˆvr…rÃph…thÃrth‡v‰h sˆr‡rÃqrÃhyv€r‡hpvy p‚……vr‡rÃp‚‡vˆhÃr‡…r y‚†Ãr‘‡…r€‚†ÃqryÃtry ƒˆ‡‚ÃqrÃhƒyvphpvy ÃÃ8‚€ƒ‚†vpvyÃqryÃtry) Sr†‚yˆpvy ÈÃqr ÈÃqr Ãhp…vyh€vqh hth…‚†hÃ qrÃyh†Ã€ˆr†‡…h† p‚†rtˆvqh) ‡h€hx‚ÃqrÃ9I6Ãxi ! %ÃÃ $ !$ÃÃ ! $ #ÃÃ! ' %ÃÃ# $ s…ht€r‡‚†ÃqrÃ9I6 q~ƒyr‘Ã†rƒh…hq‚† ƒ‚…Ã‡h€hx‚ 'ÃÃ$ $ v‰v†viyr† ÃÃ! ! ÃÃ! $ !ÃÃ ! ³ƒh‡…‚r†´Ã‚Ã³€h…phq‚…r†´ÃqrÃ9I6 qv†‡v‡h†Ã€ˆr†‡…h† s…ht€r‡‚†ÃqrÃ‡h€hx‚Ãp‚‚pvq‚ qrÃ9I6Ã‚Ãqv†‡v‡h† 9I6Ãyhqqr… s…ht€r‡hpv‚r† #ÃÃ% ( $ÃÃ 'ÃÃ % ÃÃ! $ÃÃ% (O DYDQFH GHO IUHQWH GH HOHFWURIRUHVLV VH VLJXH FRQ FRORUDQWHV FRPR D]XO GH EURPRIHQRO [LOHQR FLDQRO DxDGLGRV D OD PXHVWUD XDQGR ORV IUDJPHQWRV GH iFLGR QXFOHLFR DQDOL]DGRV VRQ GH WDPDxR PX SHTXHxR VH XWLOL]DQ JHOHV GH SROLDFULODPLGD R GH PH]FODV GH DJDURVD SROLDFULODPLGD FXDQGR HO WDPDxR HV LQWHUPHGLR (VTXHPD DQLPDGR GHO GHVDUUROOR GH XQD HOHFWURIRUHVLV GH iFLGRV QXFOHLFRV HQ JHO GH DJDURVD 1RWDV GH FODVH YHUVLyQ

51.

52.
7HPDV S GHWHFFLyQ SRU WLQFLyQ FRQ XQ DJHQWH IOXRUHVFHQWH REVHUYDFLyQ EDMR OX] XOWUDYLROHWD GHWHFFLyQ SRU DXWRUUDGLRJUDItD 5HYHODGR R GHWHFFLyQ 7LQFLyQ GH SURWHtQDV GH iFLGRV QXFOHLFRV 6H SXHGHQ HPSOHDU VXVWDQFLDV FRORUHDGDV R IOXRUHVFHQWHV TXH VH XQDQ D ODV SURWHtQDV R ORV iFLGRV QXFOHLFRV (Q HO SULPHU FDVR VXHOHQ VHU FRORUDQWHV LQRUJiQLFRV TXH LQWHUDFFLRQDQ FRQ ODV SURWHtQDV GH IRUPD SRFR VHOHFWLYD SULQFLSDOPHQWH %URPXUR GH HWLGLR HOHFWURVWiWLFD (MHPSORV D]XO EULOODQWH +1 1+ $JHQWH LQWHUFDODQWH VH LQWURGXFH HQWUH GH RRPDVVLH QHJUR DPLGR ODV EDVHV DSLODGDV GHO '1$ DEUH XQ URMR 3RQFHDX SRFR OD GREOH KpOLFH SURYRFD XQ 1 %U 3DUD ORV iFLGRV QXFOHLFRV VH XVD HO GHVHQUROODPLHQWR ORFDO + D]XO GH PHWLOHQR R PiV 6X IOXRUHVFHQFLD DXPHQWD PXFKR FXDQGR + IUHFXHQWHPHQWH FRPSXHVWRV VH XQH DO '1$ FRORU QDUDQMD DO LOXPLQDU FRQ 89

53.
PpWRGR GH WLQFLyQR UHYHODGR IOXRUHVFHQWHV H LQWHUFDODQWHV FRPR @yÃi…‚€ˆ…‚ÃqrÃr‡vqv‚Ãqrir GHO '1$ HVSHFLDOPHQWH XVDGR HQ HO EURPXUR GH HWLGLR YpDVH ILJ €hrwh…†rÃp‚Ãƒ…rphˆpvyÃƒ‚…„ˆr HOHFWURIRUHVLV HQ FHQWULIXJDFLyQ ƒ‚†rrÃph…ip‡r…Ã€ˆ‡htpvp‚ VXSHULRU

54.
8Q FRPSXHVWR LQWHUFDODQWH HVDTXpO TXH VH LQWURGXFH HQWUH ORV SDUHV GH EDVHV DSLODGRV GHO '1$ 7UDV OD HOHFWURIRUHVLV HO JHO VH VXPHUJH HQ XQ UHFLSLHQWH FRQ XQD GLVROXFLyQ GHO FRORUDQWH VH HVSHUD D TXH VH LPSUHJQH DVt VH XQD D ODV PROpFXODV VHSDUDGDV HQ HO JHO 7UDV ODYDU HO JHO SDUD HOLPLQDU HO H[FHVR GH WLQFLyQ QR XQLGD HVSHFtILFDPHQWH VH REVHUYD IRWRJUDItD R FXDQWLILFD SRU GHQVLWRPHWUtD (QVDR HQ]LPiWLFR 6L HQWUH ODV PROpFXODV VHSDUDGDV VH HQFXHQWUD XQD HQ]LPD VH SXHGH GHWHFWDU DxDGLHQGR VXV VXVWUDWRV QDWXUDOHV R VLQWpWLFRV

55.
FRIDFWRUHV GHWHFWDQGROD DSDULFLyQ GHO SURGXFWR JHQHUDOPHQWH FRORUHDGR $XWRUUDGLRJUDItD 7DQWR SURWHtQDV FRPR iFLGRV QXFOHLFRV SXHGHQ PDUFDUVH LVRWySLFDPHQWH SUHYLDPHQWH D OD HOHFWURIRUHVLV HQ FXR FDVR OD GHWHFFLyQ VH KDFH PHGLDQWH DXWRUUDGLRJUDItD GHO JHO YpDVH ILJ

56.
1RWDV GH FODVH YHUVLyQ

57.

58.
7HPDV S ,QPXQRHQVDR :HVWHUQ

59.
DVR GH GLVSRQHUGH HOORV ORV DQWLFXHUSRV SHUPLWHQ OD GHWHFFLyQ VHOHFWLYD GHO FRPSRQHQWH GH LQWHUpV SURWHtQD R JUXSR PDUFDGRU XQLGR TXtPLFDPHQWH D OD SURWHtQD R HO iFLGR QXFOHLFR DQWHV GH OD HOHFWURIRUHVLV

60.
/D SHUPHDELOLGDG GH ORVJHOHV SDUD HO DFFHVR GHO DQWLFXHUSR HV OLPLWDGD SRU OR TXH VH KDFH XQD WUDQVIHUHQFLD GH ODV PROpFXODV VHSDUDGDV HQ HO JHO KDFLD XQD PHPEUDQD GH QLWURFHOXORVD R GH QORQ OD FXDO VH VRPHWH OXHJR D OD GLVROXFLyQ TXH FRQWLHQH HO DQWLFXHUSR /RV GHWDOOHV GH HVWD WpFQLFD GH LQPXQRWUDQVIHUHQFLD R HQVDR :HVWHUQ EORW VH WUDWDUiQ HQ XQ WHPD SRVWHULRU 'HWHFFLyQ GH iFLGRV QXFOHLFRV FRQ VRQGDV 6RXWKHUQ 1RUWKHUQ

61.
/DV PROpFXODV FRQXQD VHFXHQFLD GHWHUPLQDGD GH QXFOHyWLGRV VH SXHGHQ GHWHFWDU SRU KLEULGDFLyQ FRQ VRQGDV HVSHFtILFDV SHTXHxDV PROpFXODV GH iFLGR QXFOHLFR PRQRKHEUD ROLJRQXFOHyWLGRV

62.
FRQ OD VHFXHQFLD FRPSOHPHQWDULDD OD EXVFDGD PDUFDGDV FRQ XQ LVyWRSR UDGLDFWLYR XQ JUXSR IOXRUHVFHQWH HWF 3DUD OOHYDU D FDER FRQ p[LWR OD KLEULGDFLyQ VH UHTXLHUH WDPELpQ OD WUDQVIHUHQFLD GHVGH HO JHO D XQD PHPEUDQD GH QLWURFHOXORV R QORQ /RV GHWDOOHV GH HVWRV HQVDRV 6RXWKHUQ EORW SDUD '1$ 1RUWKHUQ EORW SDUD 51$

63.
VH HVWXGLDQ HQXQ WHPD SRVWHULRU 7pFQLFDV HVSHFLDOHV ,VRHOHFWURHQIRTXH 7DPELpQ HQIRTXH LVRHOpFWULFR R ,() GH LVRHOHFWURIRFXVLQJ

64.
9DULDQWH GH HOHFWURIRUHVLV HQOD TXH HO JHO SROLDFULODPLGD

65.
SRVHH XQ JUDGLHQWHGH S+ ILMDGR HQ VX HVWUXFWXUD (VWR VH FRQVLJXH LQFOXHQGR HQ VX SUHSDUDFLyQ PROpFXODV LRQL]DEOHV FRQ YDORUHV GH S. GLIHUHQWHV RPR FRQVHFXHQFLD DO DYDQ]DU ORV FRPSRQHQWHV GH OD PXHVWUD D OR ODUJR GHO JHO VH HQFXHQWUDQ HQ PHGLRV GH S+ GLIHUHQWH HYHQWXDOPHQWH DOFDQ]DQ XQD UHJLyQ HQ OD FXDO HO S+ HV LJXDO DO SXQWR LVRHOpFWULFR GH OD PROpFXOD PXHVWUD HQ FRQVHFXHQFLD pVWD GHWLHQH VX DYDQFH 6H DOFDQ]D SXHV XQ HTXLOLEULR VH FRQVLJXH OD VHSDUDFLyQ GH ORV FRPSRQHQWHV GH OD PXHVWUD GH DFXHUGR FRQ VX SXQWR LVRHOpFWULFR TXH DGHPiV VH SXHGH PHGLU SXHV VH FRQRFH HO JUDGLHQWH GH S+ GHO JHO (OHFWURIRUHVLV ELGLPHQVLRQDO 7UDV UHDOL]DU XQD SULPHUD VHSDUDFLyQ VX UHVXOWDGR VH VRPHWH D RWUD GH GLIHUHQWH PHFDQLVPR HQ GLUHFFLyQ SHUSHQGLFXODU *HQHUDOPHQWH OD SULPHUD HV XQ LVRHOHFWURHQIRTXH HQ XQ JHO FLOtQGULFR HVWUHFKR TXH OXHJR VH VLW~D FRPR PXHVWUD SDUD XQD 6'63$*( 6H REWLHQHQ DVt PDSDV FRPSOHMRV GH EDQGDV PX FDUDFWHUtVWLFRV GH FDGD PXHVWUD FXD XWLOLGDG SULQFLSDO HV OD FRPSDUDFLyQ FRQ HO REWHQLGR GH RWUD PXHVWUD VLPLODU €ˆr†‡…h vvpvhy p‚€ƒ‚r‡r†Ã†rƒh…hq‚†ÃrÃyhÃƒ…v€r…h y v p h … h ƒ r † Ã h … r € v … ƒ Ã h y Ã r q Ã ‚ q v ‡ r † r ˆ „ ‚ s r ‚ … ‡ p r y r ‚ † v (OHFWURIRUHVLV GH FDPSR SXOVDQWH y v p h … h ƒ r † Ã h q ˆ t r † Ã h y Ã r q Ã ‚ q v ‡ r † T 9 T Ã ‚ p Ã † v † r … ‚ s ‚ … ‡ p r y r /DV PROpFXODV R IUDJPHQWRV GH '1$ GH ORQJLWXG VXSHULRU D NSE QR VH SXHGHQ UHVROYHU VHSDUDU

66.
HPSOHDQGR OD HOHFWURIRUHVLVFRQYHQFLRQDO HQ JHO GH DJDURVD (VWR VH GHEH HQ SULPHU OXJDU D OD GLILFXOWDG GH PDQHMR GH ORV JHOHV SUHSDUDGRV FRQ ODV EDMDV FRQFHQWUDFLRQHV GH DJDURVD TXH UHTXHULUtDQ LQIHULRU DO

67.
$GHPiV ODV PROpFXODVGH '1$ TXH DGRSWDQ XQD FRQIRUPDFLyQ PiV R PHQRV JOREXODU SRVHHQ XQ WDPDxR 1RWDV GH FODVH YHUVLyQ

68.

69.
7HPDV S H[FHVLYDPHQWH JUDQGH SDUD DWUDYHVDU ORV SRURV GHO JHO QR VH VHSDUDQ HQ IXQFLyQ GH VX WDPDxR 3DUD VROYHQWDU HVWH SUREOHPD VH KD LGHDGR XQD PRGLILFDFLyQ GH OD WpFQLFD FRQRFLGD FRPR HOHFWURIRUHVLV GH FDPSR SXOVDQWH R SXOVDGR SXOVHGILHOG JHO HOHFWURSKRUHVLV 3)*(

70.
6H HPSOHDQ JHOHVGH DJDURVD DO SHUR VH DOWHUD SHULyGLFDPHQWH OD RULHQWDFLyQ GHO FDPSR HOpFWULFR DSOLFDGR DFWLYDQGR DOWHUQDWLYDPHQWH GRV SDUHV GH HOHFWURGRV (O IUHFXHQWH FDPELR GH GLUHFFLyQ GHO FDPSR HOpFWULFR FRQVLJXH TXH ODV PROpFXODV VH GHVSOLHJXHQ DYDQFHQ D WUDYpV GH ORV SRURV HQ FRQIRUPDFLyQ H[WHQGLGD $ PDRU WDPDxR VH UHRULHQWDQ FRQ PiV GLILFXOWDG SRU OR TXH DYDQ]DQ PiV GHVSDFLR (OHFWURIRUHVLV FRQYHQFLRQDO HOHFWURGR ( (OHFWURIRUHVLV GH FDPSR SXOVDQWH $YDQFH QHWR HQ DPERV FDVRV HQ IXQFLyQ GHO WDPDxR FDPSRV HOpFWULFRV DOWHUQDQWHV FDPSR HOpFWULFR ( HOHFWURGR ( WDPDxR GH OD PROpFXOD ( $Vt VH FRQVLJXH VHSDUDU IUDJPHQWRV GH '1$ GH KDVWD YDULDV PHJDEDVHV OR TXH VXSRQH XQ DYDQFH VLJQLILFDWLYR SHUR D~Q QR VLUYH SDUD HVWXGLDU ORV FURPRVRPDV KXPDQRV HQWHURV GH D 0E FDGD XQR

71.
6t VH KDQSRGLGR DQDOL]DU DVt ORV FURPRVRPDV GH OHYDGXUD ILJXUD GHUHFKD

72.
/DV PXHVWUDV KDQGH FRQWHQHU HO '1$ VLQ IUDJPHQWDU SRU OR VH UHTXLHUH XQD SUHSDUDFLyQ HVSHFLDO DO SXULILFDU HO '1$ SRU ORV PpWRGRV KDELWXDOHV VH IUDJPHQWD SRU GHEDMR GH NE

73.
3DUD REWHQHU SUHSDUDFLRQHVFRQ ORV FURPRVRPDV LQWDFWRV VH PH]FODQ ODV FpOXODV FRQ DJDURVD FDOLHQWH ž

74.
VH YLHUWH HQSHTXHxRV PROGHV GH XQRV PLOtPHWURV GH IRUPD TXH DO VROLGLILFDUVH OD DJDURVD ž

75.
IRUPD EORTXHV ³LQVHUWRV´

76.
TXH LQFOXHQ ODVFpOXODV LQWDFWDV (Q pVWRV VH UHDOL]D OD OLVLV FHOXODU GLJHVWLyQ GH ODV SURWHtQDV SHM FRQ ('7$ 6'6 SURWHLQDVD . TXH GLIXQGHQ D WUDYpV GH ORV SRURV GHO JHO

77.
VLQ DOWHUDU ODVJUDQGHV PROpFXODV GH '1$ 7UDV XQD GLiOLVLV SDUD HOLPLQDU ORV UHVWRV GH OD GLJHVWLyQ VH FRQVLJXH XQ EORTXH GH DJDURVD FRQ HO '1$ LQWDFWR HQ VX LQWHULRU TXH VH GHSRVLWD HQ XQ SRFLOOR GHO JHO GH HOHFWURIRUHVLV (OHFWURIRUHVLV SUHSDUDWLYD 6H KDQ GHVDUUROODGR YDULDQWHV SUHSDUDWLYDV HV GHFLU TXH SHUPLWHQ OD REWHQFLyQ GH FDQWLGDGHV VLJQLILFDWLYDV GH ORV FRPSRQHQWHV GH OD PXHVWUD SRU VHSDUDGR 1R VH GHWDOODUiQ DTXt YpDVH )UHLIHOGHU SS

78.
,QPXQRHOHFWURIRUHVLV RPELQD XQD VHSDUDFLyQHOHFWURIRUpWLFD FRQ XQD GHWHFFLyQ SRU LQPXQRGLIXVLyQ $SOLFDFLRQHV 'HWHUPLQDFLyQ GH OD PDVD PROHFXODU RPR VH KD LQGLFDGR VH SXHGH REWHQHU XQD HVWLPDFLyQ GH OD PDVD PROHFXODU HQ N'D

79.
GH SURWHtQDV PHGLDQWH 6'63$*( GH IUDJPHQWRV GH '1$ HQ SE

80.
PHGLDQWH HOHFWURIRUHVLV HQDJDURVD (Q DPERV FDVRV HQ XQR GH ORV SRFLOORV GHO JHO VH FDUJD XQD PH]FOD GH PROpFXODV SDWUyQ GH WDPDxR FRQRFLGR SDUD WUD]DU OD FXUYD GH FDOLEUDGR 3DUD ODV SURWHtQDV OD YDOLGH] GHO GDWR REWHQLGR GHSHQGH GH TXH OD GHVQDWXUDOL]DFLyQ FRQ 6'6 KDD VLGR FRUUHFWD GH TXH VH KDDQ VHSDUDGR ODV VXEXQLGDGHV SRU UHGXFFLyQ FRQ PHUFDSWRHWDQRO DGHPiV OD SUHVHQFLD GH ROLJRVDFiULGRV HQ ODV JOLFRSURWHtQDV DOWHUD OD PRYLOLGDG TXH D QR SURSRUFLRQD YDORUHV GH PDVD PROHFXODU ILDEOHV 'HWHUPLQDFLyQ GHO SXQWR LVRHOpFWULFR RPR VH KD LQGLFDGR PHGLDQWH LVRHOHFWURHQIRTXH VH REWLHQH XQD PHGLGD GHO SXQWR LVRHOpFWULFR GH ODV SURWHtQDV S+ R S,

81.
, ,VRHQ]LPDV /DV YDULDQWHV GHXQD HQ]LPD FRQ SHTXHxDV GLIHUHQFLDV HQ VX HVWUXFWXUD HQ VX DFWLYLGDG HQ]LPiWLFD VH DQDOL]DQ UXWLQDULDPHQWH SRU HOHFWURIRUHVLV R HQ HVSHFLDO SRU LVRHOHFWURHQIRTXH 'H KHFKR ORV QRPEUHV GH ODV 1RWDV GH FODVH YHUVLyQ

82.

83.
TrÃhƒyvphÃrÃˆ‚ÃqrÃy‚†Ãƒ‚pvyy‚†ÃqryÃtryÃˆh €r“pyhÃqrÃs…ht€r‡‚†ÃqrÃ9I6ÃqrÃ‡h€hx‚ p‚‚pvq‚Ãqr‚€vhq‚†Ã³ƒh‡…‚r†´ ³€h…phq‚…r†ÃqrÃƒr†‚Ã€‚yrpˆyh…´Ã‚Ã³r†phyr…h qrÃ9I6´Ã9I6Ãyhqqr…ÃU…h†Ã†ˆÃ†rƒh…hpvy rÃyhÃryrp‡…‚s‚…r†v†Ã†rÃ…r‰ryhÃ’Ã†r …rƒ…r†r‡hÃƒh…hÃ‡‚qh†Ãyh†Ãihqh†Ãry y‚th…v‡€‚ÃqryÃ‡h€hx‚Ãy‚tv‡ˆqÃrÃƒi s…r‡rÃhyÃy‚th…v‡€‚ÃqrÃyhÃ€‚‰vyvqhq qv†‡hpvhÃqrÃh‰hprÃT‚i…rÃyhÃ…rp‡h hwˆ†‡hqhÃ†rÃv‡r…ƒ‚yhÃyh†Ãqv†‡hpvh†Ãqr h‰hprÃqrÃyh†Ã€ˆr†‡…h†Ãƒ…‚iyr€h phypˆyhq‚Ãh†tÃ†ˆÃ‡h€hx‚ÃrÃƒi ! Ã!!% $Ã #' #Ã!%' ‘ ‘ Ã$ !Ã! Ã(# Ã$'# Ã$ (# S SE #Ã( 7HPDV i ƒ Ã Ã ‚ x h € h U h p v € ‡ t … h t ‚ y Ã h y h p † r ' $%# @Ãr†‡rÃrwr€ƒy‚Ãy‚†Ãƒh‡…‚r†Ãr€ƒyrhq‚† †‚Ãs…ht€r‡‚†ÃivrÃp‚‚pvq‚†Ãh„ˆryy‚† λÃƒ‚… ‚i‡rvq‚†ÃhÃƒh…‡v…ÃqryÃ9I6ÃqryÃ‰v…ˆ†Ã yhÃhppvyÃqrÃyh†Ãrq‚ˆpyrh†h†Ãqr H‚‰vyvqhqÃÃ€€ …r†‡…vppvyÃ@p‚SDÃ’ÃCvqDDD r†phyhÃy‚th…t‡€vph LVRHQ]LPDV GHULYDQ D YHFHV GH VX PRYLOLGDG HOHFWURIRUpWLFD 6H SXHGH DSOLFDU DQiORJDPHQWH D ODV LVRIRUPDV GH SURWHtQDV QR HQ]LPiWLFDV 0DSDV GH UHVWULFFLyQ 8QD GH ODV IRUPDV GH HVWXGLDU OD VHFXHQFLD GH ORV iFLGRV QXFOHLFRV HQ HVSHFLDO HO '1$ FRQVLVWH HQ WUDWDUOR FRQ GLVWLQWDV HQ]LPDV GH UHVWULFFLyQ DQDOL]DU PHGLDQWH HOHFWURIRUHVLV HQ JHO GH DJDURVD ORV IUDJPHQWRV UHVXOWDQWHV H LQWHQWDU UHFRQVWUXLU OD VHFXHQFLD GH OD PROpFXOD RULJLQDO IRUPDQGR VX PDSD GH UHVWULFFLyQ XQR GH ORV WLSRV GH PDSD ItVLFR 6HFXHQFLDFLyQ GH iFLGRV QXFOHLFRV /D REWHQFLyQ GH OD VHFXHQFLD FRPSOHWD QXFOHyWLGR D QXFOHyWLGR WDPELpQ GHSHQGH GHO DQiOLVLV HOHFWURIRUpWLFR GH IUDJPHQWRV GH '1$ WDQWR HQ HO PpWRGR TXtPLFR GH 0D[DP *LOEHUW FRPR HQ HO HQ]LPiWLFR GH 6DQJHU 6H XWLOL]DQ HQ HVWH FDVR JHOHV GH SROLDFULODPLGD GHELGR DO WDPDxR SHTXHxR GH ORV IUDJPHQWRV SXGLpQGRVH UHVROYHU IUDJPHQWRV TXH VH GLIHUHQFLDQ HQ XQ VROR QXFOHyWLGR %LEOLRJUDItD HVSHFtILFD $OEHUWV % %UD ' /HZLV - 5DII 0 5REHUWV . :DWVRQ - '

84.
%LRORJtD PROHFXODU GHOD FpOXOD HG 2PHJD %LEOLRWHFD $/% S $OEHUWV % %UD ' -RKQVRQ 6 /HZLV - 5DII 0 5REHUWV . :DOWHU 3

85.
,QWURGXFFLyQ D ODELRORJtD FHOXODU 2PHJD %LEOLRWHFD $/% S )UHLIHOGHU '

86.
7pFQLFDV GH ELRTXtPLFD ELRORJtD PROHFXODU 5HYHUWp %LEOLRWHFD )5( DS /XTXH - +HUUiH] $

87.
7H[WR LOXVWUDGR GHELRORJtD PROHFXODU H LQJHQLHUtD JHQpWLFD FRQFHSWRV WpFQLFDV DSOLFDFLRQHV HQ FLHQFLDV GH OD VDOXG +DUFRXUW %LEOLRWHFD /84 S 0DWKHZV . 9DQ +ROGH . (

88.
%LRTXtPLFD HG0F*UDZ+LOO ,QWHUDPHULFDQD %LEOLRWHFD 0$7 S 6WUHU /

89.
%LRTXtPLFD HG5HYHUWp %LEOLRWHFD 675 S 3DUD DPSOLDU % ' +DPHV DQG ' 5LFNZRRG *HO HOHFWURSKRUHVLV RI SURWHLQV $ SUDFWLFDO DSSURDFK HG ,5/ 3UHVV DW 2[IRUG 8QLYHUVLW 3UHVV 2[IRUG ' 5LFNZRRG DQG % ' +DPHV *HO HOHFWURSKRUHVLV RI QXFOHLF DFLGV $ SUDFWLFDO DSSURDFK HG ,5/ 3UHVV DW 2[IRUG 8QLYHUVLW 3UHVV 2[IRUG $ 3 0RQDFR 3XOVHG ILHOG JHO HOHFWURSKRUHVLV $ SUDFWLFDO DSSURDFK ,5/ 3UHVV DW 2[IRUG 8QLYHUVLW 3UHVV 2[IRUG 5 :HVWHUPHLHU (OHFWURSKRUHVLV LQ SUDFWLFH $ JXLGH WR WKHRU DQG SUDFWLFH 9K :HLQKHLP 1RWDV GH FODVH YHUVLyQ

Electroforesis de proteinas y acidos nucleicos

More Related Content

What's hot

Viewers also liked

Similar to Electroforesis de proteinas y acidos nucleicos

Electroforesis de proteinas y acidos nucleicos