Electrical wiring involves installing cables and devices like switches, distribution boards, sockets, and light fittings in a structure. There are two main types of electrical systems - single phase and three phase. Single phase uses one wire and neutral to carry current, while three phase divides power into three phases with 120 degree phase differences between them to allow for more continuous power delivery. Common devices in electrical wiring include switches, sockets, light fittings, and cables. Star and delta connections are two methods for connecting three phase systems, with star using a neutral and different line/phase voltages, while delta only uses the three phases with equal line/phase voltages.

1. ELECTRICAL WIRING

2. WHAT IS ELECTRICAL WIRING ???
Electrical wiring is
an electrical installation of
cabling and associated devices
such as switches, distribution
boards, sockets, and light
fittings in a structure.

3. DEVICES
CABLES
SOCKETS
LIGHT
FITTINGS
SWITCHES

4. Electric Switch is an electrical device which can make or break an electric circuit.
A switch is said to be in 'ON' position when it makes or completes the circuit and
allows the current to pass through. Similarly, a switch is in 'OFF' position when it
breaks the circuit and does not allow the current to pass through
SWITCH
SOCKET
A socket is a device or point in a wall where you can connect electrical equipment
to the power supply.

5. CABLES
An electrical cable is an assembly of one or more wires running side by side or
bundled, which is used to carry electric current.
A light fitting is part of a light that is attached to the wall or ceiling where you put the
light bulb or other lighting element.
LIGHT FITTING

6. TYPES OF PHASES
There are two types of system available in electric circuit:--
SINGLE PHASE
SYSTEM
THREE PHASE
SYSTEM

7. In electricity, the phase refers to the distribution of a load.
Single-phase power is a two-wire alternating current (ac)
power circuit.
Three-phase power is a three-wire ac power circuit with each
phase ac signal 120 electrical degrees apart.
POWER ELECTRICITY

8. SYSTEM
INGLE PHASE
In single phase circuit, there will be only one phase, i.e
the current will flow through only one wire and there
will be one return path called neutral line to complete
the circuit. So in single phase minimum amount of power
can be transported. Here the generating station and load
station will also be single phase. This is an old system
using from previous time.

9. T
h
REE
P ASE SYSTEM
Threephasecircuitisthepolyphasesystemwherethreephasesaresendtogether
fromthegeneratorto theload.
Eachphasearehavinga phasedifferenceof 120o,i.e120o angleelectrically.So
fromthetotalof 360o, threephasesareequallydividedinto120o each. The
powerinthreephasesystemiscontinuousasallthethreephasesareinvolved
ingeneratingthetotalpower.Thesinusoidalwavesfor3 phasesystemis
shownbelow-

10. STAR CONNECTION DELTA CONNECTION
THREEPHASECONNECTIONS

11. STAR CONNECTION
• A Star Connection is a 4 – wire connection,(4th wire is optional).
• Out of the 4 wires, 3 wires are the phases and 1 wire is the neutral.
• In a Star Connection, one end of all the three wires are connected to a
common point in the shape of Y, such that all the three open ends of the
three wires form the three phases and the common point forms the neutral.
• Line Voltage (voltage between any two phases) and Phase Voltage (voltage
between any of the phase and neutral) is different.
STAR
OR ‘Y’

12. MATHEMATICAL PART
• Line Voltage is root three times phase voltage i.e. VL= √3VP.
• With a Star Connection, you can use two different voltages as
VL and VP are different.
• For example, in a 230V/400V system, the voltage between any
of the phase wire and neutral wire is 230V and the voltage
between any two phases is 400V.
• In Star Connection, IL= IP.
• Total three phase Power in a Star Connection can be
calculated using the following formulae.
P = 3 x VP x IP x Cos(Φ) or
P = √3 x VL x IL x Cos(Φ)
NOTE
VL = Line Voltage
VP = Phase Voltage
IL = Line Current
IP = Phase Current
P = Power

13. DELTA CONNECTION
• A Delta Connection is a 3 – wire connection.
• All the 3 wires are phases in a Delta Connection.
• In a Delta Connection, every wire is connected to two
adjacent wires in the form of a triangle (Δ) and all the
three common points of the connection form the three phases.
• There is no neutral in Delta Connection.
• Line Voltage and Phase Voltage are same.
α β
γ
δ

14. MATHEMATICAL PART
• Line Voltage is equal to Phase Voltage i.e. VL = VP .
• In a Delta Connection, we get only a single voltage
magnitude.
• Line current is root three times the phase current.
• In Delta connection, IL = √3 IP.
• Total three phase Power in a Delta Connection can be
calculated using the following formulae.
P = 3 x VP x IP x Cos(Φ) or
P = √3 x VL x IL x Cos(Φ)

15. Things Apart
STAR CONNECTION DELTA CONNECTION
Since Line Voltage and Phase Voltage
are different (VL = √3 VP), the
insulation required for each phase is
less in a Star Connection.
In a Delta Connection, the Line and Phase
Voltages are same and hence, more
insulation is required for individual phases.
Star Connection is used in both
transmission and distribution networks.
Delta Connection is generally
used in distribution networks.
Since insulation required is less, Star
Connection can be used for long
distances.
Delta Connections are used for shorter
distances.
Star Connections are often used in
application which require less starting
current.
Star Connections are often used in application
which require less starting current

16. ✦ NAME – Malay Maurya
✦ R.N. – 19001321029
✦ SUB. – Sec.
The
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