By this training I have learnt So much about Electric Vehicles, advantages, disadvantages, and its Components. Also, I have learnt more about MATLAB, like how to design battery circuit, how to give required amount of current to the battery circuit and how to Identify the resultant Voltage etc. Modeling and simulation of electric vehicle’s battery is done on MATLAB/Simulink. Designed a battery circuit with 9 batteries with a voltage of 3.7V each and we have noticed that state of charge is decreases with respective to the Time. This model can be used to estimate how long the battery can be used in electric vehicles. From the plot of State of Charge is observed that after the vehicle has started running, after some time the graph has decreased in terms of charge stored in the battery. Further from the engine speed and Motor Speed, shows smooth functioning of vehicle without any distortions. This means the graph of SOC with respective to the time shown above decreases with increase in acceleration of the vehicle. Here the current is constant throughout the process because of we have connected the circuit in series, so the voltage and SOC decrease with increase in acceleration of Vehicle.
2. ❑ Literature Review
❑ Major Components used for making Electric vehicle
❑ Implementation
❑ Design and simulation
❑ Battery design by using Matlab
❑ Reference
CONTENT
.
3. ❑ Shreyas et.al did battery modeling and simulation which tells about relationship between the input and output
parameters of the battery by the simulator using MATLAB. This describes the development of an intelligent safety
system for batteries which is there in applications from last Over the past hundred years, electricity has been the
most versatile and widely used form of energy in the world. In this work, an electrical equivalent the circuit model
(EEC) was adopted, with its parameters estimated on the basis of experimental data collected through in-cell tests
at different temperatures and charge / discharge current profiles. This was all done with the help of MATLAB
software using all its different module types.
❑ Sangeetha et.al Designed, simulated, fabricated, and tested a go-kart for probable feasibility for undergraduate
students to explore different aspect of vehicle and develop their own go-kart. Nowadays we were close to running
out of the natural resource known to us as fossil fuel, which means it high time that we must start considering
other options to turn to. Solar vehicles and Electric vehicles are the future of automobiles. The project was decided
on the basis to build a cleaner mean of transportation, which has a lesser dependency on fossil fuels and emits zero
emission, while being economically affordable.
❑ Ammar analyzed Battery electric vehicles which presents a brief background about the different available EVs,
detailed information on various power converter electronics used in battery electric vehicles, and a summary of the
strengths (S), weaknesses (W), opportunities (O), and threats (T) of the EV is presented. Moreover, SWOT
analysis of the battery electric vehicles (BEV) and their prospects in the automotive industry are introduced.
LITERATURE REVIEW
5. ACCELARATOR
❑ The accelerator pedal sends a signal to the controller which adjusts the vehicle's speed by changing the
frequency of the AC power from the inverter to the motor.
❑ Accelerator is used to trigger the motor controllers.
❑ we use a cable to attach accelerator pedal to accelerator circuit mechanically.
Major Components used for making Electric vehicle
6. ❑ The motor controller is the heart of the vehicle. All the electric parts of the vehicle are controlled by this.
❑ It controls the speed of motor, breaking, battery voltage calculation, speedometer control and electrical accessories
control.
❑ t has two wires from battery pack, 3 phase wires, 5 rotor position sensor wires, wire to accelerator, brake sensor
wires from brake pedal, speed Regulator wire, speedometer wires, electrical accessory wire for lights, and wire to
DC-DC converter.
CONTROLLER
.
7. ❑ A brushless DC motor (BLDC motor) is an electronically commuted DC motor which does not have
brushes.
❑ Brushless DC motors control the direction of current flow with the electronic circuit without using the
"brush."
❑ As the electronic circuits can enable precision control of the current, motor operation can be controlled
in a highly precise manner.
BLDC MOTOR
8. ❑ The batteries are the essential part of an electric vehicle.
❑ In our vehicle we use four Li-ion batteries in series.
❑ Comparing with Lead acid batteries Li- ion is of lesser weight and has 3 times life.
BATTERY PACK
10. COMPONENTS USED IN DESIGNING CIRCUIT
BATTERY
A battery is a device that converts chemical energy contained within its active materials directly into electric energy by means of an
electrochemical oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction. This type of reaction involves the transfer of electrons from one material to
another via an electric circuit
MOSFET
MOSFET is an electrically driven switch, which allows and prevents a flow of current, without any mechanical moving parts. The
MOSFET stands for METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR.
DESIGN AND SIMULATION
11. SCOPE
Scopes provide several methods for displaying simulation data and capturing the data for later analysis. Symbols on your block
diagram represent the various data display and data capture methods.
CURRENT MEASUREMENT
The Current Measurement block is used to measure the instantaneous current flowing in any electrical block or connection line
COMPONENTS USED IN DESIGNING CIRCUIT
12. VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT
The Voltage Measurement block measures the instantaneous voltage between two electric nodes. The output provides a Simulink
signal that can be used by other Simulink blocks.
DISPLAY
It is used to display the measured value of different parameters like voltage, current etc
COMPONENTS USED IN DESIGNING CIRCUIT
13. BATTERY DESIGN BY USING MATLAB
The below circuit shows the battery design for 33 volts with Lithium Ion Battery by using MATLAB.
17. By this training I have learnt So much about Electric Vehicles, advantages, disadvantages, and its Components. Also,
I have learnt more about MATLAB, like how to design battery circuit, how to give required amount of current to the
battery circuit and how to Identify the resultant Voltage etc. Modeling and simulation of electric vehicle’s battery is
done on MATLAB/Simulink. Designed a battery circuit with 9 batteries with a voltage of 3.7V each and we have
noticed that state of charge is decreases with respective to the Time. This model can be used to estimate how long the
battery can be used in electric vehicles. From the plot of State of Charge is observed that after the vehicle has started
running, after some time the graph has decreased in terms of charge stored in the battery. Further from the engine
speed and Motor Speed, shows smooth functioning of vehicle without any distortions. This means the graph of SOC
with respective to the time shown above decreases with increase in acceleration of the vehicle. Here the current is
constant throughout the process because of we have connected the circuit in series, so the voltage and SOC decrease
with increase in acceleration of Vehicle.
CONCLUSION
18. 1) Shreyas Thombare, Hansa Bhatiya, Janhavi Sapkal(2022): “Design & Simulation of Battery management system
in Electrical Vehicles Using MATLAB”, (www.irjet.com)
2) Sangeetha Krishnamoorthi, L.Prabhu, MD Shadan, Harsh Raj, Nadeem Akram(2021): “Design and analysis of
electric go kart”, (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.413)
3) Ammar Alkhalidi(2022), “Battery electric vehicles: strengths, weaknesses”,
(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijft.2022.100212)
4) Manoj Goswami, Satendra Kumar, Surender Kumar,22 - Electric vehicles: a step toward sustainability,Editor(s):
Prabhansu, Nayan Kumar,Emerging Trends in Energy Storage Systems and Industrial Applications, Academic
Press, 2023, Pages 619-640, ISBN 9780323905213, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90521-3.00024-7.
REFERENCE
